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1.
Various tissues and body fluids of pigs given chloramphenicol intramuscularly at a dose level of 20 mg/kg 1.5, 2.5 and 18 h before slaughter were examined for drug residues with different agar diffusion methods. Zones of inhibition were observed in bile, kidney, muscle, serum and urine samples 1.5 h after drug administration. After 19 h, residues were found only in the urine. The treatment of the bile, kidney, serum and urine samples with β-glucuronidase lowered the detection threshold of the agar diffusion methods for chloramphenicol. In addition, β-glucuronidase can be used for the identification of chloramphenicol residues. Chloramphenicol yielded the greatest zones of inhibition in kidney medulla and especially in urine with and without β-glucuronidase. 18 h after drug administration residues were found with β-glucuronidase treatment only in these samples. Urine and kidney medulla proved the best samples in the residue analysis of chloramphenicol at meat inspection. 相似文献
2.
Isabel Bondia-Pons Anna-Marja Aura Satu Vuorela Marjukka Kolehmainen Hannu Mykkänen Kaisa Poutanen 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009
Dietary intake of whole-grain foods is associated with a decreased risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and heart disease. In addition to dietary fibre, various phytochemicals have been suggested to contribute to the health effects of whole grain products. This review focuses on phenolic compounds in rye (Secale cereale L.), which is one of the major bread grains in Europe. Data on phenolic concentrations in rye grain and foods, their bioavailability to tissues and effects in vivo, and their potential contributions to health are presented. Phenolic compounds in rye, such as phenolic acids, alkylresorcinols and lignans, are concentrated in the outer layers of the grain. Phenolic acids are the major phenolic compounds in whole grain rye (103–300 mg/100 g grain), ferulic acid being the most abundant. Rye lignans are present at concentrations of 2 mg/100 g grain and had been shown to be converted by the intestinal microflora to the mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone in human intervention studies. Alkylresorcinols (36–320 mg/100 g grain), which have been found to be incorporated into human erythrocyte membranes, are of particular interest due to their potential use as biomarkers of the intake of rye and wheat. 相似文献
3.
Hannu Korkeala Olli Sorvettula Osmo Mki-Petys Jorma Hirn 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1982,23(3):407
The different agar diffusion methods were compared using antibiotic and sulphonamide-impregnated filter-paper discs and the kidneys of healthy and emergency-slaughtered pigs and cows after slaughter.No method used seemed to be sensitive to all antimicrobial drugs preimpregnated onto discs. Tetracycline yielded a greater zone of inhibition at pH 6 than at pH 8 and aminoglycosides, erythromycin, polymyxin B and lin cornycin at pH 8 than at pH 6. It therefore seems necessary to use different pHs (6 and 8). The addition of trimethoprim to the medium is necessary for the detection of sulphonamides. Bacillus subtilis BGA used as the test organism was more sensitive to sulphonamides on the “Test agar for the inhibitor test” containing trimethoprim than on the “Iso-Sensitest agar” also containing trimethoprim. The addition of trimethoprim to “Test agar for the inhibitor test” is recommended at pH 8 but not at pH 6 because false-positive cases (with inhibition zones > 2 mm) were observed at pH 6 with trimethoprim on the kidneys of healthy pigs. 相似文献
4.
Merja Jussila Tuula Sontag-Strohm Osmo Ulvinen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(2):106-110
Abstract The Finnish oat cultivars were identified by homogeneous and gradient SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on the basis of 7–14 avenin bands. REM (relative electrophoretic mobility) values of the avenins among the Finnish oat cultivars were determined by gradient SDS-PAGE to calculate the PH% (pattern homology percentage). Most of the cultivars (58%) had a PH% of over 75%, which indicates quite a. high degree of similarity between the cultivars. Homogeneous SDS-PAGE was used in addition to gradient SDS-PAGE to compare the electrophoregrams of the cultivars by the gel separation systems. Resolution of the avenins was better by homogeneous than by gradient SDS-PAGE. Ten oat cultivars out of the 28 tested could be identified individually in homogeneous SDS-PAGE, as opposed to three which were identifiable by gradient SDS-PAGE. 相似文献
5.
Prof. Dr. med. Osmo Turpeinen 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1979,29(1-2):59-83
The mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) in Finland is remarkably high; according to the vital statistics released by the World Health Organization it has for many years been the highest in the world. This, however, concerns only the male sex; in the females the mortality figures, though also relatively high, do not very markedly differ from those of many other populations. It is also noteworthy that the CHD mortality in the eastern provinces of Finland is higher than in the western provinces. In the etiology of CHD a number of risk factors have been identified. The major ones are: high serum cholesterol values, cigarette smoking, and hypertension. The presence of two or more factors greatly increases the risk. In Finland the serum cholesterol determinations have generally revealed mean values which in comparison with similar populations from other countries are remarkably high. Mean values of the magnitude of some 260 to 280 mg per 100 ml have been reported for certain population groups. These high serum cholesterol values are probably chiefly dependent on the diet. The dietary intake of saturated fats (S) is very high and that of polyunsaturated fats (P) is low. The dietary P/S ratio is exceptionally low. It may also be possible that the population of Finland is genetically unusually susceptible to hyperlipidemia and hence also to CHD. However, the evidence to support such a view is meager. Cigarette smoking, a further important risk factor, is quite common in the country, and the mean consumption of cigarettes is relatively high. Hypertension also is prevalent in Finland. This may, at least partly, be due to the very high dietary intake of salt. Thus a number of generally recognized risk factors for CHD occur in Finland in a markedly high degree. Whether they can wholly explain the unusually high mortality from CHD or whether additional yet unrecognized risk factors are also involved, is difficult to decide. 相似文献
6.
Rimhanen-Finne R Enemark HL Kolehmainen J Toropainen P Hänninen ML 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,145(3-4):345-348
The performance of immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in canine feces was evaluated. IF and Cryptosporidium ELISA detected 10(5)oocysts/g, while the detection limit for Giardia ELISA was 10(4)cysts/g. The Cryptosporidium ELISA showed 94% specificity but only 71% sensitivity. The Giardia ELISA correlated well with IF (sensitivity 100%, specificity 96%) and was capable of detecting animal specific Giardia duodenalis genotypes. Visual interpretation appeared appropriate for assessment of ELISA results. The proportion of positive samples and possible zoonotic character of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in 150 asymptomatic Finnish dogs from the Helsinki area were studied. The overall proportion of dogs positive for Cryptosporidium was 5% (7/150) and that for Giardia 5% (8/150). In dogs < or =12 months old, the corresponding proportions were 17% and 19% (n=36). Sequence analyses of the 18S rDNA gene identified the isolates as Cryptosporidium canis and animal specific genotypes of G. duodenalis (assemblages C-E), indicating restricted risk of zoonotic transmission. 相似文献
7.
西班牙加泰罗尼亚林分风景优美度预测(英文) 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
Elena Blasco José Ramón González-Olabarria Pedro Rodriguéz-Veiga Timo Pukkala Osmo Kolehmainen Marc Palahí 《林业研究》2009,20(1):73-78
通过互联网络,调查了网友对90幅林分图像(照片和虚拟实际图像)的相对偏好,发展了两个在林分水平上风景优美度评价的量化模型。用成对比较回归法分析了259份问卷对林分偏好的相对优先顺序。模型量化结果表明,林分偏好随灌木和乔木数量增加而增加,还与乔木平均直径正相关。另一方面,林分偏好又因大量的松树和小树而降低。与虚拟真实图像相比,网友更偏好林木照片。此外,参与问卷调查者的背景(性别,国籍或者职业)并未对模型结果造成显著影响。 相似文献
8.
Terttu Kämäräinen-Karppinen Anni Mäkinen Sonja Kolehmainen Aino Hämäläinen Kari Laine Anja Hohtola 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):765-769
SummaryFrench tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus var. sativa) has been vegetatively propagated for centuries, but variability in the vegetative lines has not been studied. Three lines of French tarragon (A – C) were studied for their overwintering capacity at the limit of survival, their essential oil content and composition, and their genetic variability. Line B had the lowest Winter survival rate, the highest biomass yield, and the lowest content of essential oils. The essential oils of line B had higher proportions of cis- and trans-ocimenes, and contained less estragole and herniarin than the essential oils of lines A and C. When genetic diversity was studied using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), all French tarragon lines clustered together, while Russian tarragon was monophyletic. Lines A and B were genetically closer to each other than line C. These results indicate that all three lines tested were genetically and biochemically different, which may have resulted from spontaneous mutations over centuries of vegetative propagation. Our results demonstrate the need to monitor and preserve the most important traits for future cultivation and use of vegetatively propagated herbs. 相似文献
9.
Small-scale Forestry - Ageing, urbanization, and decreasing dependence of non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners on forestry income have challenged the industrial timber supply of several... 相似文献
10.
Jenni Lappi Emilia Selinheimo Ursula Schwab Kati Katina Pekka Lehtinen Hannu Mykkänen Marjukka Kolehmainen Kaisa Poutanen 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010
Glycemic responses to most of the conventional breads are high, including breads made of wholemeal flour. Baking technology is known to affect these responses. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of xylanase enzyme treatment and sourdough fermentation in wholemeal wheat bread baking on postprandial glucose and insulin responses and on in vitro protein digestibility. The wheat breads were made of 100% flour from peeled kernels by a straight dough or sourdough fermentation method, and with or without using xylanase during mixing of dough. Standard white wheat bread was used as a reference. All test bread portions contained 50 g available carbohydrate and were served in random order to eleven insulin resistant subjects. Blood samples for measuring glucose and insulin concentrations were drawn over 4 h. The sourdough wholemeal wheat bread resulted in the lowest postprandial glucose and insulin responses among the four tested breads (treatment × time; p = 0.000 and p = 0.022, respectively). There were differences in solubility and depolymerisation of protein and arabinoxylan among the breads but these did not fully explain the in vivo findings. In conclusion, the health effects of wholemeal wheat bread can be further improved by using sourdough process in breadmaking. 相似文献