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Brunette I Rosolen SG Carrier M Abderrahman M Nada O Germain L Proulx S 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2011,14(6):365-377
Purpose The goal of this study was to report on the advantages and limitations of the pig and feline models for experimental in vivo corneal transplantation. Methods Ten healthy domestic pigs and ten healthy cats were used. Full thickness penetrating keratoplasty was performed using autologous (eight cases), allogeneic (seven cases) or human xenogeneic (three cases) tissue. In two other cases, the inflammatory response to partial thickness trephination (without transplantation) was evaluated. Eyes were assessed daily before and after surgery by slit‐lamp, pachymetry, and tonometry. A transparency score ranging from 0 (opaque graft) to 4 (clear graft) was used, based on the slit‐lamp examination. Optical coherence tomography, histology, and electron microscopy were performed postmortem. Results In the pig, the mean (±SD) transparency score for the eight full thickness grafts was 0.88 ± 0.99, ranging from 0 to 3. In the feline model, the mean transparency score for the seven uncomplicated grafts was 3.93 ± 0.19, ranging from 3.5 to 4. Both negative controls without endothelium remained opaque at all time. Intraoperative tendency for iris incarceration into the wound, rapid corneal swelling, suture cheese wiring, and postoperative intraocular inflammation were the main factors jeopardizing the functional success of the corneal transplant in the pig model. Conclusion Suboptimal functional results were obtained after full thickness corneal transplantation in the pig model, while in the feline model, the same protocol yielded uneventful surgeries and clear transplants, with functional results similar to those achieved in human subjects. 相似文献
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Self-compatibility was assessed in 19 almond selections by genetic and physiological means, such as PCR with specific primers for the Sf allele, pollen tube growth, and fruit set after self-pollination and in bagged branches. Although all genotypes possessed the Sf allele and showed a similar pollen tube growth after self-pollination than after cross-pollination with cross-compatible pollen, fruit sets showed a different behaviour between years, ranging from 16.2 to 24.7%, as well as between treatments, with the highest after self-pollination. The differences between genotypes could be due to the genetic constitution of each genotype, where inbreeding may reduce set by the accumulation of deleterious genes in different members of a progeny. Flower morphology may also affect sets in bagged branches. Thus, in addition to bud density, flower sterility, pollination success and environmental conditions, other traits must be taken into account when evaluating yield in self-compatible almond cultivars, such as the inbreeding effect and the effective autonomous self-pollination. 相似文献
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OssamA Kodad Gloria Estopañan Teresa Juan Francisco Molino Ali Mamouni Zerhoun Messaoudi 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):381-386
SummaryOil contents and fatty acid compositions were determined in 17 almond cultivars growing under two different Mediterranean conditions, in northeast Spain and in central Morocco. The major differences were irrigation management in Spain and higher temperatures in Morocco. Although a cultivar effect was observed for some compounds, the general trend was for an increase in total oil content [58.65% vs. 55.58% (w/w)] and in the percentage of oleic acid [71.1% vs. 68.62% (w/w)] in those kernels harvested in Spain, probably due to having lower temperatures and better water status. As the total oil content and level of oleic acid in almond oil are the major parameters for higher quality almond kernels, these results emphasise the need to optimise the management of almond orchards to improve kernel quality, not only from the commercial and industrial points of view, but also because of their healthgiving properties. 相似文献
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In order to understand the changes in copper and selenium status in camel dam and calf around the calving period, blood samples
were collected in 26 she-camel before delivery and after as well as their calves after birth. The mean values for the mother
and their newborn were respectively 70.3 ± 19.8 and 58.6 ± 13.9 μg/100 ml for copper, 5.3 ± 3.7 and 4.6 ± 1.7 μg/100 ml for
selenium. No change was observed for copper, but selenium increased after parturition in 81% of the case. The selenium status
of camel calf was correlated with those of its mother, but not the copper. As the whole the correlation between selenium and
copper was significantly positive. The selenium status was improved in camel receiving diet enriched with barley. The maternal
transfer to milk has to be investigated. 相似文献
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Ossama Kodad José M. Alonso Angel Fernández i Martí M. Margarida Oliveira Rafel Socias i Company 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
The S-allele characterisation of ‘Alzina’ and ‘Garondès’, two local almond cultivars from the island of Majorca, by a multidimensional approach has allowed the confirmation of the presence of the Sf-allele and the identification of a new allele not previously described in almond, S36. When these cultivars were phenotypically evaluated, both showed a self-incompatible phenotype and were cross-incompatible, as assessed by artificial self- and cross-pollinations and fruit sets after field pollinations, confirming that their Sf-allele is in its active form, Sfa. Thus a new CGI group in almond is proposed and named XXVIII. These results confirm the wide diversity of S-alleles in almond both at genotypic and phenotypic levels, as well as their similarity with the S-alleles from other close Prunus species. This similarity suggests the possibility of allele introgression between species or allele identity by descent from a common ancestor. 相似文献
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Oil content and fatty acid composition were determined for two years in the kernel oil of eight cultivars and 47 advanced self-compatible almond genotypes developed in an almond breeding program. Considerable variation between genotypes was found for all parameters. Oil content ranged from 48% to 67% of the total kernel dry weight but was consistent over the two years. Fatty acid composition was also very variable, with significant differences between genotypes, even in genotypes of the same progeny. Oleic acid, ranging from 63% to 78%, and linoleic acid, ranging from 12% to 27%, were the major fatty acids, showing higher values in some selections than in their parents. The large variability observed for all fatty acids and the presence of selections with higher oil and fatty acid contents than the commercial cultivars represents a very promising base to obtain new almond cultivars with oil of higher quality, satisfying the industrial and consumer sectors. 相似文献
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Almond is a highly heterozygous species with a high number of S‐alleles controlling its gametophytic self‐incompatibility system (GSI). In this work, we have analysed 14 Spanish local almond cultivars for S‐RNase allele diversity. Five new S‐RNase alleles were identified by cloning and sequencing, S31 (804 bp) in ‘Pou de Felanitx’ and ‘Totsol’, S32 (855 bp) in ‘Taiatona’, S33 (1165 bp) in ‘Pou d’Establiments’ and ‘Muel’, S34 (1663 bp) in ‘Pané‐Barquets’ and S35 (1658 bp) in ‘Planeta de les Garrigues’. Additionally, seven already known almond alleles could be recognized in the local cultivars studied. The high number of new alleles identified reveals the wide diversity of almond germplasm still existing and requiring characterization, and points to the possibility of new findings by a wider study focusing on other provenances. The almond S‐RNases have been compared to those of other Prunus species, showing a high identity and confirming that the S‐RNase gene in this genus presents a probable common ancestor. 相似文献
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Kodad O Estopañán G Juan T Mamouni A Socias i Company R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(11):6137-6141
The concentration of the different tocopherol homologues in almond kernel oil was determined in 17 almond cultivars grown in two different experimental orchards, in Spain and Morocco. The three main homologues showed a large variability, ranging from 210.9 to 553.4 mg/kg of oil for α-tocopherol, from 4.64 to 14.92 mg/kg for γ-tocopherol, and from 0.2 to 1.02 mg/kg for δ-tocopherol. The year effect was significant, independent of the experimental site, for all homologues and total tocopherol, the values of α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and total tocopherol being higher in 2009 than in 2008, whereas the value of δ-tocopherol was higher in 2008. The location effect was also significant, the values of γ- and δ-tocopherol being higher in Spain than in Morocco, whereas for α-tocopherol the location effect was dependent on the genotype. These effects could not be explained by the temperature differences between sites, but probably other undetermined environmental factors might explain the effect of the location, such as rainfall and irrigation supplementation during fruit growing and ripening. 相似文献
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The effect of the type of fruiting branch was studied over 2 years in nine almond selections in order to investigate its relationship with bloom density, fruit set, the level of the subsequent crop, and the physical traits of the fruits. The effect of the fruiting branch, defined by the presence of spurs, was found to be highly significant for bloom density, productivity and fruit size, but not for fruit shape, showing that nut and kernel shapes are cultivar traits. Bloom density and its components, as well as fruit set, fruit density and productivity were highly genotype and year dependent, but the interaction genotype × year was less important or even non-significant, stressing the special behaviour of each genotype as well as the effect of the year, probably linked to the climatic conditions and to the physiological status of the trees. 相似文献
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