Human appropriated net primary productivity as a metric for land use planning: a case study in the US Great Lakes region     

Barton  Erin M.  Pearsall  Douglas R.  Currie  William S. 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(6):1323-1339

Context

Human appropriation of net primary productivity (HANPP) is employed as a measure of human pressures on biodiversity, though largely at global and national scales rather than landscape to regional scales where many conservation decisions take place. Though gaining in familiarity, HANPP is not widely utilized by conservation professionals.

Objectives

This study, encompassing the US side of the Great Lakes basin, examines how regional distributions of HANPP relate to landscape-based biodiversity proxy metrics used by conservation professionals. Our objectives were (1) to quantify the HANPP of managed lands at the county scale; and (2) to assess spatial patterns of HANPP in comparison to landscape diversity and local habitat connectedness to determine if the metric can provide useful information to conservation professionals.

Methods

We aggregated forest and cropland NPP data between 2005 and 2015 and coupled it with previously published potential vegetation maps to quantify the HANPP of each county in the study region. We mapped the outputs at 500 m resolution to analyze spatial relationships between HANPP and landscape metrics of biodiversity potential.

Results

Area-weighted HANPP across our study region averaged 45% of NPP, down to 4.9% in forest-dominated counties. Greater HANPP correlated with reduced landscape diversity (p?<?0.001, r²?=?0.28) and reduced local habitat connectedness (p?<?0.001, r²?=?0.36).

Conclusion

HANPP could be used as an additional tool for conservation professionals during regional-scale land use planning or conservation decision-making, particularly in mixed-use landscapes that both support important biodiversity and have high levels of primary production harvest.

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Subsistence economy of el paraiso, an early peruvian site     

Quilter J  E BO  Pearsall DM  Sandweiss DH  Jones JG  Wing ES 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,251(4991):277-283

Studies of food remains from the Preceramic monumental site of E1 Paraíso, Peru (1800 to 1500 B.C.), have shed new light on a debate regarding the relative importance of seafood versus terrestrial resources and the role of cultigens in subsistence economies during the early development of Peruvian civilization. Fish was the primary animal food at the site whereas plant foods consisted of a mixture of cultivated resources (squashes, beans, peppers, and jicama) with an additional reliance on fruits (guava, lucuma, and pacae). Wild plants, especially the roots of sedges and cat-tail, also may have accounted for a substantial part of the diet. Cotton was a chief crop, used in making fishing tackle and the textiles that served as clothing and items of high value and status. As an example of the beginnings of civilization, El Paraíso is a case in which impressive architecture was built on a relatively simple subsistence economy and energy was expended in the production of resources useful in local and regional exchange systems.  相似文献   

Degenerative myelopathy in two equids     

W.K. Scarratt DVM  G.K. Saunders DVM  D.P. Sponenberg DVM  PhD  R.A. Magnusson DVM  E.F. Pearsall DVM 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1985,5(3):139-142

Degenerative myelopathy was diagnosed in a donkey Equus asinus and a Welsh pony Equus caballus. Both equids were presented for gradually progressive incoordination. Neurologic examination revealed symmetrical weakness and ataxia which was much more prominent in the rear limbs than in the front limbs. Laboratory tests including a complete blood count, serum biochemistry, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and lateral cervical radiographs were performed in both equids and were unremarkable. Both equids were euthanized and microscopic examination of the spinal cords revealed diffuse neuronal degeneration, demyelination and neuraxonal dystrophy.  相似文献   

Phytolith analysis of archeological soils: evidence for maize cultivation in formative ecuador     

Pearsall DM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,199(4325):177-178

Soil samples from the archeological sites of Real Alto and OGCh-20, Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador, show the presence of cross-shaped silica bodies identifiable as maize (Zea mays L.) phytoliths by size comparison with known wild grass and maize phytoliths. These results support arguments for the cultivation of maize at 2450 B.C. in coastal Ecuador.  相似文献   

Starch fossils and the domestication and dispersal of chili peppers (Capsicum spp. L.) in the Americas     

Perry L  Dickau R  Zarrillo S  Holst I  Pearsall DM  Piperno DR  Berman MJ  Cooke RG  Rademaker K  Ranere AJ  Raymond JS  Sandweiss DH  Scaramelli F  Tarble K  Zeidler JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5814):986-988

Chili peppers (Capsicum spp.) are widely cultivated food plants that arose in the Americas and are now incorporated into cuisines worldwide. Here, we report a genus-specific starch morphotype that provides a means to identify chili peppers from archaeological contexts and trace both their domestication and dispersal. These starch microfossils have been found at seven sites dating from 6000 years before present to European contact and ranging from the Bahamas to southern Peru. The starch grain assemblages demonstrate that maize and chilies occurred together as an ancient and widespread Neotropical plant food complex that predates pottery in some regions.  相似文献   

Emergence of the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme: A Case Study in Pacific Regionalism     

Sam Pearsall 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》1990,31(1):1-23

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Use of azadirachtin as a larvicide or feeding deterrent for control of western flower thrips in orchard systems     

LA. Pearsall  EJ. Hogue 《Phytoparasitica》2000,28(3):219-228

Field trials were carried out to assess the efficacy of a 4% azadirachtin (aza)-containing neem seed extract EC, against damage by western flower thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)] on nectarine crops in the Similkameen Valley, British Columbia, Canada. Several trials were conducted during the years 1993 to 1995 to assess the repellent and larvicidal properties of aza, specifically: whether it was effective against adult or larval thrips; how the effects differed with concentration of aza; and whether female WFT avoided aza-treated flowers. Our results showed that aza has only limited effectiveness as a control agent against WFT on nectarines and the current formulation does not appear to limit larval development sufficiently to be deemed a possible control agent in this field situation.  相似文献   

Beans for valdivia     

Damp JE  Pearsall DM  Kaplan LT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,212(4496):811-812

Carbonized remains of Canavalia beans were recovered from archaeological deposits excavated at Real Alto (OGCh-12), southwestern Ecuador. The identification, context and dating of the earliest beans from Real Alto demonstrate their use from the beginning of Valdivia (about 3300 B.C.) and the Early Formative in coastal Ecuador.  相似文献