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典型喀斯特洼地植被恢复过程中土壤碳氮储量动态及其对极端内涝灾害的响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
西南喀斯特地区是我国主要的生态脆弱区之一,石漠化严重,旱涝灾害频发。植被恢复是提升脆弱生态系统土壤碳氮固持的有效方式,但该区不同植被恢复方式土壤碳氮动态监测的研究还很缺乏。本研究以典型喀斯特峰丛洼地为对象,选取人工林、牧草地、人工林+牧草地、撂荒地自然恢复4种最主要的植被恢复方式为研究对象,以耕地作为对照,对比分析退耕前(2004年)、退耕10年(2014年)和13年后(2017年)土壤碳氮储量动态变化特征。其中2004—2014年研究区未发生极端内涝灾害, 2014—2017年连续发生2次极端内涝灾害事件。研究结果表明,退耕10年后, 4种恢复方式下土壤有机碳(SOC)储量均显著增加,但退耕13年后,除撂荒地SOC持续增加外,其他3种恢复方式下SOC表现出下降趋势。植被恢复后土壤全氮(TN)储量提升相对缓慢,退耕10年仅牧草地显著增加,退耕13年后人工林+牧草和撂荒地TN增加,且撂荒地在退耕后呈持续增加趋势。相关性分析结果表明,土壤交换性Ca~(2+)与SOC、TN均呈显著正相关关系,且与2014年相比, 2017年不同植物恢复方式下土壤交换性Ca~(2+)均显著下降,这可能与研究区2015年和2016年连续内涝灾害有关。以上结果说明,不同恢复方式均能显著提升喀斯特地区土壤碳氮固持,并以自然恢复最佳,其生态系统能有效抵御极端气候灾害带来的负面影响。 相似文献
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低温胁迫是萱草育种和生产中最严重的非生物胁迫之一。该研究以耐冷型和冷敏感型萱草低温处理前后的根茎为材料,利用转录组测序(RNA-seq)技术,比较了耐冷型和冷敏感型萱草在低温胁迫下的基因表达差异。结果表明,4个样品获得的高质量clean reads均大于35 880 734条;低温处理后,耐冷型萱草差异表达基因数量多于冷敏感型,差异表达基因主要富集于次级代谢产物等相关途径,Ca2+信号通路基因、MAPKs信号通路基因、转录因子和热激蛋白基因表达在2种萱草中表现出不同的变化,可能导致2种萱草在低温胁迫中的不同反应。qRT-PCR验证结果显示,差异基因的表达变化趋势与RNA-seq结果一致。该研究表明Ca2+信号通路基因、MAPKs信号通路基因在萱草响应低温胁迫过程中发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
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木霉菌REMI转化体对番茄灰霉病的防治及其机理的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
研究不同木霉菌转化体对番茄灰霉病防治效果及机理,为木霉菌生物防治的合理利用奠定基础。利用限制性内切酶介导基因整合技术(restriction enzyme-mediated integration,REMI),通过插入线性化质粒DNA获得了生物防治番茄灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)效果优于出发菌T21菌株(出发菌)的3个木霉菌转化体Ttrm31、Ttrm34和Ttrm55,对侵染花器和叶片的灰霉病防效分别比原生物防治木霉菌株提高了16.9%和8%。木霉菌转化体的产孢能力、分生孢子的萌发率、对碳氮源的利用能力及对高温的抵抗能力都有所提高;木霉菌转化体本身产生的几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的活性均比出发菌高,因此通过REMI技术可以获得新的有益木霉菌转化体,在一定程度上提高了生物菌株防治番茄灰霉病的水平。说明REMI技术可以用于改良生防木霉菌株的功能,提高生物防治效果。 相似文献
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本文利用蛋白质电泳、基因克隆和荧光定量PCR等技术对耐高温木霉REMI转化体的抗逆机理进行了初步研究。结果表明,耐高温木霉REMI转化体的蛋白质谱带明显多于出发菌株T21,且差异主要集中在Rf值大于0.593的区域,该区域主要是小分子的热休克蛋白,说明影响耐高温木霉REMI转化体对温度耐受性的蛋白主要以小分子量蛋白质为主。对其中一种热休克蛋白HSP24的基因进行克隆、测序,结果表明不同木霉REMI转化体和出发菌株T21间该基因序列没有差异,但经荧光定量PCR对HSP24基因转录检测表明,耐高温木霉REMI转化体的热激蛋白HSP24的表达量有所增加,从而表明REMI插入提高了该基因的转录水平。 相似文献
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Chuyuan Wang Soe W. Myint Peilei Fan Michelle Stuhlmacher Jiachuan Yang 《Landscape Ecology》2018,33(5):765-782
Context
This study examines the spatio-temporal patterns of urban expansion for Yangon and Nay Pyi Taw, the former and new national capitals of Myanmar, and its impact on the regional environment between 2000 and 2013.Objectives
The objective is to examine different driving forces of urban expansion for Yangon and Nay Pyi Taw, and their environmental consequences during Myanmar’s transitional economy.Methods
Classified time-series Landsat images are used to evaluate urban expansion processes. Environmental parameters being evaluated in this study include five sets of remotely sensed MODIS land products that are land surface temperature (LST), percent tree cover (PTC), evapotranspiration (ET), terrestrial ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP), and aerosol optical depth (AOD). A time-series trend analysis technique is used to examine the environmental consequences.Results
The built-up areas in Nay Pyi Taw and Yangon exhibit exponential and polynomial increase, respectively. A 1% increase of built-up area could potentially cause an increase of daytime LST of 0.7 °C, a PTC loss of 2.3%, a decrease in NPP of 34.3 kg/m2, and an ET decrease of 42.2 mm for Yangon. Similarly, for Nay Pyi Taw, a 1% increase in built-up area could potentially cause a daytime LST increase of 0.3 °C, a nighttime LST increase of 0.06 °C, a PTC loss of 2.5%, a decrease in NPP of 15.1 kg/m2, and a decrease of 19.2 mm ET. No significant change was observed for AOD for either city.Conclusions
Both cities have experienced extensive urban expansion but with different spatial and temporal characteristics, and their effects on the regional environment are different. Urban expansion of Nay Pyi Taw mainly was government-induced municipal infrastructure development. Yangon’s expansion is mainly caused by population pressure and migration from rural areas. The urban expansion in Yangon was mainly due to reconstruction and renovation, as well as infill development during the study period.8.
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文章综述了我国五味子种质资源收集评价、品种选育、栽培生理及病虫害防治等领域的研究成果,同时讨论了五味子研究领域存在的问题,并提出今后深入研究的方向. 相似文献
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Jianhua Xu Peilei Liu Qingpeng Meng Hai Long 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(3):309-315
Forty-six Meloidogyne populations from 14 provinces of China were characterised in terms of malate dehydrogenase, esterase phenotypes and HinfI restriction profiles of amplification products from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) region between the COII and lrRNA genes. Isozyme phenotyping revealed that 29 of the populations were M. incognita, six were M. javanica, six were M. arenaria, three were M. hapla and two were M. enterolobii. HinfI restriction patterns of the COII-lrRNA region correlated with nematode isozyme phenotypes and enabled reliable differentiation and identification of the five root-knot nematodes occurring in China. The size and sequence of the mtDNA amplification product were determined for the first time for M. enteroloii, a potentially economically important crop pathogen. Sequence comparison showed that the sequence of the intergenic region between the COII and lrRNA genes for M. enterolobii was identical to that reported for M. mayaguensis. Together with published observations on morphology, host range and esterase phenotype of the two nominal species, the mtDNA sequence evidence suggests that M. mayaguensis could be conspecific with M. enterolobii. 相似文献