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Catello Pane Gianluca Francese Francesco Raimo Giuseppe Mennella Massimo Zaccardelli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,148(3):687-697
Antifungal activity of plant-derived compounds can be exploited in disease management systems to improve sustainability and replace synthetic molecules. In this study, four crude hydroethanolic extracts of leaves, collected from Italian Solanum spp. landraces, were selected to evaluate their ability to suppress Sclerotinia minor Jagger, a great threat to lettuce production worldwide. In vitro fungal development was inhibited by Solanum melongena L. and S. aethiopicum L. extracts showing a dose-dependent correlation. At the highest concentration tested in the current experiments (45 mg mL?1) antifungal activity caused up to 90% growth reduction. The exposure of the fungus to S. aethiopicum extracts incited pronounced changes in the hyphal morphology as observed under light microscopy. Consistently, under laboratory conditions, in planta application of the active extracts on lettuce significantly reduced Sclerotinia drop disease in comparison to non-treated controls. Phytochemical composition was determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analyses. Four secondary metabolites differentially present in the extracts, identified as n-caffeoylputrescine, chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin and solasodoside A, are hypothesized to play a crucial role in mechanisms underlying biological effects of extracts. PCA analysis showed positive correlations of these compounds with the overall control ability of the extracts. The results indicated that foliar material from cultivated eggplant could be suitable to produce biological-based remedies for controlling plant diseases. 相似文献
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Antioxidant properties and composition of aqueous extracts from Mentha species, hybrids, varieties, and cultivars 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Dorman HJ Koşar M Kahlos K Holm Y Hiltunen R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(16):4563-4569
Water-soluble extracts from the Mentha species M. aquatica L. and M. haplocalyx Briq., the hybrids M. x dalmatica L. and M. x verticillata L., the varieties M. arvensis var. japanensis [M. arvensis L. var. piperascens Holmes ex Christ] and M. spicata L. var. crispa Benth, and M. x piperita L. "Frantsila", M. "Morocco", and M. "Native Wilmet" cultivars were screened for potential antioxidative properties. These properties included iron(III) reduction, iron(II) chelation, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, and the ability to inhibit iron(III)-ascorbate-catalyzed hydroxyl radical-mediated brain phospholipid peroxidation. Total phenol content and qualitative and quantitative compositional analyses of each extract were also made. The extracts demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy in each assay, with the M. x piperita "Frantsila" extract being better than the other extracts, except for ferrous iron chelation. With the exception of iron chelation, it appeared that the level of activity identified was strongly associated with the phenolic content. 相似文献
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Willow buffer strips are a promising vegetated filter for the reduction of non-point source pollution from agricultural land
to watercourses resulting from the rapid growth of shoots and from the large amount and distribution of roots. A greenhouse
experiment tested the hypothesis that a new planting method, planting cuttings horizontally, exhibited more biomass production
and more effective filter than did planting cuttings vertically. Due to the different times taken for shoots break through
the soil surface, the summed height of all shoots of horizontally planted cuttings was significantly smaller than that of
the vertical ones at the beginning of the growth period. The difference in the height of all of the shoots between planting
orientations decreased with time. After 16 weeks growth, the biomass of the stem, leaves and fine roots was not affected by
the planting orientation. The coarse root biomass was larger in the horizontal treatments and decreased with increased density.
The total biomass, as well as the biomass of stem or leaves, of each treatment, increased with increased planting density.
The individual plant biomass, as well as that of the stem or leaves, decreased with increased planting density. Compared with
the unplanted control treatment, the planted treatments significantly reduced the total-N, NO3-N, PO4-P and SO4-S leaching. The planting orientation did not affect the nitrate leaching. The horizontally planted cuttings were slightly
more effective for reducing the SO4-S leaching and the vertically planted cuttings were slightly more effective for reducing the PO4-P leaching. Lower PO4-P leaching was observed only with higher planting density. With regard to the horizontal planting method, further studies
are needed to explore the influence of different willow clones, the size of cuttings, pre-planting treatments, planting geometry
(configuration) and soil conditions on survival, the number of shoots produced, the biomass production and the amount and
distribution of roots. 相似文献
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Sanna K. Saarikoski Markus K. Sillanpää Karri M. Saarnio Risto E. Hillamo Arto S. Pennanen Raimo O. Salonen 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,189(1-4):265-277
The distribution of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOn) and their derivatives of nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenoxy ethoxy acetic acids (NPEnC) in the sediments of a relatively closed freshwater reservoir was investigated using sediment layers sliced from undisturbed sediment cores collected with a gravity core sampler at three sampling sites (St. 1, St. 2 and St. 3) along the water flow direction. The relationships between the bound content of these compounds and the sediment organic matter as well as the likely transformation pathways were evaluated. The total content of NPEOn (n?=?1–15) fell in 84.6–336.5, 59.9–135.5 and 77.0–623.4 μg/kg-dry for all sliced layers at St.1, St.2 and St.3, respectively, with the content of individual NPEOn species showing a general decreasing trend with the attached molar number of the ethoxy (EO) chain. Compared to each detected NPEOn species, the bound content of NP was much higher, falling in 73.2–248.4, 79.9–358.2 and 25.5–1,988.4 μg/kg-dry at St. 1, St. 2 and St. 3, respectively. A general increasing trend of the NP content along the water flow direction of the reservoir was revealed. NPEnC (n?=?1–10) varied in 1.93–4.12, 2.85–9.84 and 1.05–19.1 μg/kg-dry for sediment at the respective site of St. 1, St. 2 and St. 3, with the averaged values at these sites (2.91, 4.71 and 6.72 μg/kg-dry) showing an increasing trend from the upstream to the downstream. For NPEnC, a parametric trend of increases in the content of NPE1C, NPE2C and NPE3C with the bound sediment organic matter (9.06–11.8%) seemed to be existent. Furthermore, the computed magnitudes of NPEO1–2/NPEO1–15, NP/NPEO1–15 and NPEC1–10/NPEO1–15 suggested that non-oxidative hydrolytic transformation was probably prevailing within the sedimented mud phase of the reservoir, with the oxidative hydrolytic transformation pathway being less involved. 相似文献
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Maarit Termonen Panu Korhonen Sanna Kykkänen Anna Kärkönen Minna Toivakka Raimo Kauppila Perttu Virkajärvi 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(1):111-126
Finnish N fertilizer application regulations for forage grasses are based on field experiments mainly conducted in the 1960–1970s with cultivars and management practices typical of the time. In order to update the yield response function of N, to make it better suited to current grassland farming, field experiments were conducted at two sites in 2015–2017 with two cultivars of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and one of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.). Dry matter (DM) yield, nutritive value and N balance were evaluated, with N application levels 0, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 kg N ha−1 year−1. The grasses were harvested three times per season. The data indicate that the DM yield response was significantly stronger, and N was used more efficiently for DM production than earlier without compromising the nutritive value, especially during the first two years. The third harvest produced on average 23% of the annual yield, utilizing N efficiently. N application rates below 350 kg N ha−1 year−1 did not cause substantial overwintering losses or lodging. The data indicate that with changing climate and improved cultivars and management practices, there is a need to modify the rates and timing of N application. The results suggest that N application levels could be increased by at least 50 kg N ha−1 year−1 from the current maximum accepted rate (250 kg N ha−1 year−1) without too high NO3- or CP concentrations in feed, or too high N balance that indicates increasing risk of N leaching. 相似文献
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Olli-Pekka Tikkanen Anna Ruokolainen Raimo Heikkilä 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2014,29(2):152-161
Regeneration of natural forest structures and dead wood has a key role in the long-term maintenance of biodiversity in most parts of the boreal zone. In order to obtain benchmarks for practical dead wood management rapidly, we utilised unintended historical experiments in land use by studying the recovery of forests surrounding abandoned villages along 2.5-km transects in NW Russia. The signs of past human forest use declined as a function of distance from villages. We found that the closest forests were 130 yr old or younger and contained very few elements typical of natural forests. Forests at a distance of between 1 and 1.5 km were older than 150 yr but showed marks of selective cuttings and had a less complete continuum of dead wood than forests that were 2–2.5 km from the villages. The most remote stands, which were generally older than 200 yr, predominantly had no signs of past forest use and had the most diverse dead wood composition. Our study shows that full recovery of the dead wood continuum in middle boreal forests is a slow process and also that less intensive past forest use can have a significant effect on the dead wood continuum. 相似文献
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Nurmi A Nurmi T Mursu J Hiltunen R Voutilainen S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(18):6916-6923
Despite the promising antioxidant action of Lamiaceae herbs in vitro, human studies on these potential sources of dietary antioxidants have remained scarce. In this work, the phenolic acids recovered in human urine after single ingestion of Origanum onites extract were analyzed. The excretion was increased 4- and 2-fold during 0-24 and 24-48 h of the follow-up, respectively. The mean increase in the excretion of phenolic compounds exceeded the ingested amount of identified phenolic acids. The result can be partly explained by rosmarinic acid, the main identified phenolic constituent in the extract, as well as flavonoids present in minor amounts, presumably being metabolized into a double amount of simple phenolic metabolites. Furthermore, unidentified phenolic constituents in the extract partly contribute to the excretory increase. The main metabolite, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, was excreted rapidly. The results show that constituents of oregano extract and, in particular, their metabolites may contribute to the dietary intake of phenolic antioxidants. 相似文献