Selection parameters for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 and race 4 on diploid banana (Musa acuminata Colla)     

R. Morpurgo  S. V. Lopato  R. Afza  F. J. Novak 《Euphytica》1994,75(1-2):121-129

Summary Shoot tip cultures from banana clones susceptible and resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC) race 1 and race 4 were grown in vitro in the presence of different concentrations of fusaric acid and fungal crude filtrates or inoculated with a conidial suspension of FOC to assess correlation between in vivo and in vitro behaviour. Explants were susceptible to both filtrate and fusaric acid irrespective to their known field resistance/susceptibility response. No clear linkage between in vivo and in vitro behaviour was observed and our results suggest that the use of crude filtrate or non-host specific toxin (fusaric acid) in a screening programme for selecting a novel resistant genotype of Musa to FOC is not feasible. When peroxidase activity was used as a parameter to discriminate between sesceptibility and tolerance, results were in good agreement with field response of host plant to pathogens. Early enzymatic activity increased in the incompatible host-pathogen interaction but not in the compatible interaction.Abbreviations IBA Indolebutyric acid - 2iP 6-dimethylallylamino-purine - VCG Vegetative Compatibility Group - FOC Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense - IEF isoelectrofocusing  相似文献   

Isolation of plant transcription factors using a modified yeast one-hybrid system     

Sergiy Lopato  Natalia Bazanova  Sarah Morran  Andrew S Milligan  Neil Shirley  Peter Langridge 《Plant methods》2006,2(1):3-15

Background  

The preparation of expressional cDNA libraries for use in the yeast two-hybrid system is quick and efficient when using the dedicated Clontech™ product, the MATCHMAKER Library Construction and Screening Kit 3. This kit employs SMART technology for the amplification of full-length cDNAs, in combination with cloning using homologous recombination.  相似文献   

Electric fields due to synaptic currents sharpen excitatory transmission     

Sylantyev S  Savtchenko LP  Niu YP  Ivanov AI  Jensen TP  Kullmann DM  Xiao MY  Rusakov DA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5871):1845-1849

The synaptic response waveform, which determines signal integration properties in the brain, depends on the spatiotemporal profile of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft. Here, we show that electrophoretic interactions between AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory currents and negatively charged glutamate molecules accelerate the clearance of glutamate from the synaptic cleft, speeding up synaptic responses. This phenomenon is reversed upon depolarization and diminished when intracleft electric fields are weakened through a decrease in the AMPA receptor density. In contrast, the kinetics of receptor-mediated currents evoked by direct application of glutamate are voltage-independent, as are synaptic currents mediated by the electrically neutral neurotransmitter GABA. Voltage-dependent temporal tuning of excitatory synaptic responses may thus contribute to signal integration in neural circuits.  相似文献   

Detection of Gibellina cerealis infection on winter common wheat in Ukraine     

Retman  Sergiy  Kyslykh  Tetiana  Shevchuk  Olga  Kozub  Natalia  Sozinov  Igor  Karelov  Anatolii  Chernychenko  Sergiy 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(6):1479-1485

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - False eyespot disease caused by Gibellina cerealis (Pass.) Pass. was first detected in Ukraine during field inspections of wheat canopies in...  相似文献   

Macroscopic hierarchical surface patterning of porphyrin trimers via self-assembly and dewetting     

van Hameren R  Schön P  van Buul AM  Hoogboom J  Lazarenko SV  Gerritsen JW  Engelkamp H  Christianen PC  Heus HA  Maan JC  Rasing T  Speller S  Rowan AE  Elemans JA  Nolte RJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5804):1433-1436

The use of bottom-up approaches to construct patterned surfaces for technological applications is appealing, but to date is applicable to only relatively small areas (approximately 10 square micrometers). We constructed highly periodic patterns at macroscopic length scales, in the range of square millimeters, by combining self-assembly of disk-like porphyrin dyes with physical dewetting phenomena. The patterns consisted of equidistant 5-nanometer-wide lines spaced 0.5 to 1 micrometers apart, forming single porphyrin stacks containing millions of molecules, and were formed spontaneously upon drop-casting a solution of the molecules onto a mica surface. On glass, thicker lines are formed, which can be used to align liquid crystals in large domains of square millimeter size.  相似文献   

Regulation of Drosophila life span by olfaction and food-derived odors     

Libert S  Zwiener J  Chu X  Vanvoorhies W  Roman G  Pletcher SD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5815):1133-1137

Smell is an ancient sensory system present in organisms from bacteria to humans. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, gustatory and olfactory neurons regulate aging and longevity. Using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, we showed that exposure to nutrient-derived odorants can modulate life span and partially reverse the longevity-extending effects of dietary restriction. Furthermore, mutation of odorant receptor Or83b resulted in severe olfactory defects, altered adult metabolism, enhanced stress resistance, and extended life span. Our findings indicate that olfaction affects adult physiology and aging in Drosophila, possibly through the perceived availability of nutritional resources, and that olfactory regulation of life span is evolutionarily conserved.  相似文献   

Perspectives on protected area and wildfire management in the Black Sea region     

George N.Zaimes  Petros A.Tsioras  Chrysovalantis Kiosses  Mustafa Tufekcioglu  Sergiy Zibtsev  Ilya Trombitsky  Razvan Uratu  Luiza Gevorgyan 《林业研究》2020,31(1):257-268

Protected areas are necessary for the conservation and enhancement of biodiversity.Wildfires are major threats to forests and other natural areas,because they may cause irreversible damages.The aim of this study was to analyze the perspective of experts(N=284),from six countries of the Black Sea,on the current status and problems of protected areas and wildfires.Understanding their points of view could enhance future management on these issues in the region.Data collection was carried out for 9 months,using a web-based questionnaire.Wildfires were perceived as a serious problem in Turkey,Armenia and Greece but as a substantially less serious problem in Romania,Ukraine and Moldova.In Greece,Armenia,and especially Ukraine,the current designated protected areas are considered sufficient to maintain biodiversity,while in Romania,Turkey,and especially Moldova,more areas should be designated as protected.A major need in all countries(except for Turkey)is the increased use of information and communication technologies for both wildfire suppression and protected area management.Experts were divided on whether wildfire suppression and management of protected areas are interconnected.However,there is growing awareness of the adverse impacts of climate change in protected areas and the frequency of wildfires in the future.The most frequently suggested measures to alleviate these impacts were:changes in forest management and increasing public awareness for wildfire suppression,along with changes in forest management and increased staff training to enhance protected area conservation.  相似文献