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1.
Among the most important Mediterranean annual crops, durum wheat is widely grown in drought-prone areas. Therefore, improving water-use efficiency （WUE） of durum wheat represents a major breeding goal. IDu-WUE （Improving Durum wheat for Water Use Efficiency and yield stability through physiological and molecular approaches） is a collaborative project among public and private research centres in Italy, Spain and WANA （West Asia and North Africa） countries （Morocco, Tunisia, Syria and Lebanon） funded by the European Union aimed at investigating the genetic variation for WUE and yield stability in durum wheat grown in Mediterranean droughtprone areas. During the first year of the project, a number of morpho-physiological traits （e.g. early vigour, flowering time, leaf rolling, number of fertile tillers, etc.）, WUE, WUE-related traits （e.g. carbon isotope discrimination, canopy temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, etc.）, yield and its components have been investigated in a RIL population （249 lines） and a collection of ca. 190 durum wheat accessions characterized by a high level of linkage disequilibrium （Maccaferri et al., 2005）,  相似文献   
2.
Gluten extracted from fresh pasta by-products (PG) was enzymatically hydrolyzed by two different commercial proteases (Alcalase 2.4 L and Pancreatin) to different degrees of hydrolysis (DH 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0%). Commercial gluten (CG) was used as reference. The evaluation of functional properties of hydrolyzates from pasta gluten (PGH) and commercial gluten (CGH) showed that Pancreatin hydrolyzates had the highest emulsifying capacities. Regarding the foaming activity, all hydrolyzates performed better than unhydrolyzed gluten. PGH and CGH were added to wheat flour (1%) and their effects on dough rheology were studied. Most hydrolyzates with DH 8% increased dough thermal stability and elasticity during mixing, accelerated the denaturation rate of the protein network, and delayed the gelatinization speed of starch as the temperature increased. Texture profiles and specific volumes of breads from low quality wheat flour with added Pancreatin hydrolyzates (DH 8%) were comparable to those of breads from high quality flour. This showed the potential suitability of PGH and CGH as bread improvers.  相似文献   
3.
Fifteen plastid fragments were amplified from a set of Tunisian date-palm accessions by PCR with consensus primers and analysed by RFLP. Polymorphic DNA bands were obtained as reliable molecular markers to estimate genetic distances among the accessions and to examine their phylogenetic relationships. The ctDNA PCR-RFLP method permitted the identification of two haplotypes that differ in the presence or absence of the HinfI restriction site. Phenetic groups composed of cultivars clustered together but does not constitute monophyletic groups. This typology agrees with the haplotypes' organization and provides a common genetic background within the implied varieties.  相似文献   
4.
In the spring of 2012, symptoms of a disease resembling citrus blast and citrus black pit were observed in some orchards in Tunisia. The epidemic spread rapidly in the following years. Twenty‐four commercial citrus orchards from four Tunisian regions showing characteristic symptoms of bacterial diseases were surveyed during a 3‐year study. Eighty‐eight Pseudomonas‐like bacterial isolates were successfully obtained from the northeast and west of Tunisia. No isolates were recovered from the central region. Overall, 46 isolates were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and most of them showed similar phenotypic and genetic profiles. The virulence of three selected isolates differed from one plant cultivar to another as well as from the type of plant organ used for the inoculation. In a bioassay test, all isolates produced syringomycin, which was confirmed by molecular detection based on the syrB and syrD genes. Only EC122 possessed syrD but not syrB. DNA fingerprints, based on repetitive sequence‐based polymerase chain reaction (rep‐PCR) and PCR melting profile (PCR MP), were used to determine the potential genetic diversity among strains. Clustering of PCR MP fingerprinting data matched with rep‐PCR fingerprinting data. The generated distribution tree showed that Tunisian isolates were closely related to the citrus reference strain LMG5496. In contrast, EC112, isolated from citrus, and the almond isolate EC122 were distantly related to the type strain LMG1247T isolated from lilac. Such studies have not been reported until now for P. syringae from citrus.  相似文献   
5.
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant role of zinc (Zn) in the Cd-exposed testes of Wistar rats. Subchronic exposure to Cd (CdCl(2), 40 mg/l, per os) for 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in growth rate (-11%) and relative weights of testes (-36%) and seminal vesicles (-80%). Treated rats displayed a decrease in testicular and plasma testosterone levels, respectively (-70%, P<0.05; -48%, P<0.05), epididymal sperm count (-22%, P<0.05), and spermatozoa motility (-35%, P<0.05). In contrast, Cd increased the malondialdehyde (+46%, P<0.05), metallothionein (+200%, P<0.05), and 8-oxodGuo concentrations (+71%, P<0.05) in the testis. In the gonad, Cd decreased the GPx (-30%, P<0.05), CAT (-32%, P<0.05), mitochondrial Mn-SOD (-34%, P<0.05), and cytosolic CuZn-SOD (-32%, P<0.05) activities. Zinc supplementation (ZnCl(2), 40 mg/l, per os) in the Cd-exposed rats restored the activities of GPx, CuZn-SOD, and Mn-SOD in the testes to the levels of the control group. Moreover, zinc administration was capable of reducing the elevated levels of malondialdehyde in the testis. Interestingly, zinc supplementation attenuated DNA oxidation induced by Cd in the gonad and restored the testosterone level and sperm count to the levels of the control group. Zinc administration minimized oxidative damage and reversed the impairment of spermatogenesis and testosterone production induced by Cd in the rat testis.  相似文献   
6.
This work is focused on the effect of using whitening agents (WA) during a process followed by frozen storage (4 months at ?18°C) on the whiteness, quality parameters, and mechanical properties of sardine surimi. The whiteness of surimi exhibited a significant improvement when whitening agents (calcium carbonate and peroxide hydrogen) were used (48.75 to 60.24). Dynamic rheological measurement showed that storage moduli, G′, was considerably higher than loss moduli, G″, for both surimi with WA and control; however, the highest viscoelastic moduli were found in the treated surimi. In addition, the microstructure of surimi with WA showed more compact matrix and higher water holding capacity. On the other hand, most tested indexes showed quality losses throughout the frozen storage in both samples. Proteins underwent denaturation as indicated by the reduction in band intensities, especially myosin heavy chain (MHC) bands. Peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) measurements showed that lipid oxidation took place during storage; however, the degree of lipid oxidation was not relevant. Therefore, it was proved that the addition of whitening agents had a marked effect on the production of surimi with better functional attributes including whiteness, water holding capacity, and mechanical properties.  相似文献   
7.
The genetic diversity of 18 Tunisian fig cultivars was investigated at the DNA level using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) associated with the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Using a set of primers, the most informative ones were selected that were characterized by an important Resolving power value of 29.6. A total of 47 discernible fragments were scored from samples, with a mean of 11.7 fragments per primer. The 90.4% of sample that were polymorphic were scored as molecular markers to examine the Tunisian fig germplasm polymorphism at DNA level. A large genetic diversity as related to ISSR patterns was found within the local Tunisian fig germplasm. An UPGMA dendrogram exhibits the unstructured variability in this crop. Moreover, the principal component analysis shows that the observed diversity was typically continuous. Our data provide a large number of ISSR markers that are useful in the fingerprinting of Ficus carica L. cultivars, and in the understanding of the genetic relationships among these accessions.  相似文献   
8.
European Journal of Plant Pathology - Insect feeding induces physiological and biochemical changes in host plants. Indeed, symptom severity often depends on insect density. Recently, the carrot...  相似文献   
9.
Forty five descendants from a crossing between olive cultivar Picholine de Languedoc and the local cultivar Meski were evaluated for their susceptibility to olive leaf spot (Fusicladium oleagineum) in field and laboratory studies. Disease incidence varied greatly among the descendants and was correlated with the severity of leaf symptoms. Based on field observations and laboratory tests, the hybrids were classified into five groups: 1) very susceptible to the disease: Meski and 17H, 2) susceptible to the disease : 20J, 8I, 11I, 21I, 14H, 16H, 23H, 6J, 8J and 23J, 3) moderately resistant to the disease : 15I, 16I, 22I, 23I, 8K, 13H, 18H, 22H, 9J, 10J, 11J, 12J, 14J, 16J, 18J, 4) resistant to the disease: 21J, 12I, 13I, 18I, 19I, 9K, 10K, 12H, 15H, 19H, 15J and 22J, and completely resistant to the disease : cultivar Picholine and hybrids 6I and 19I. The analysis of anatomical parameters showed that the polyphenol content and composition were not correlated with disease incidence. However, the cuticle thickness and the trichome density are very important physical parameters that can determine the degree of susceptibility of hybrids to the disease. The assessment method may be useful to screen olive cultivars and hybrids for Fusicladium resistance.  相似文献   
10.
ABSTRACT

Fruit quality traits are directly related to agronomic practices such as irrigation and fertilization, especially potassium supply since its effects on quality and water drought resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of potassium rate and application mode (in soil: 200S and 100S, foliar spray: 100F) with two irrigation regimes (FI: irrigation with 100%ETc and DI: irrigation with 66%ETc) on peach yield and quality parameters. The experiment was performed during two consecutive years. At harvest, only in the second year significant differences between treatments were observed in yield. In fact, potassium foliar spray, even in DI regime, improved yield. The fruit diameter was slightly affected by treatments in the first year. However, in the following season foliar potassium spray even in DI water regime increased fruit size. Concerning the firmness, no significant differences were observed in the first year except for the second year it decreased with DI strategy independently of potassium treatment. The soluble solids content was strongly affected by the treatments. The highest values were observed in 100F+DI treatment with no significant effect on acidity. Vegetative growth was affected only by water regime which DI reduced shoot length.  相似文献   
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