Treatment of contaminated radial fracture in Sprague-Dawley rats by application of a degradable polymer releasing gentamicin     

Yuval Ramot  Michal Steiner  Netanel Amouyal  Yossi Lavie  Guy Klaiman  Abraham J. Domb  Abraham Nyska  Tal Hagigit 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2021,34(1):11

Fracture-related infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to establish a simple contaminated radial osteotomy model to assess the efficacy of a biodegradable polymer poly(sebacic-co-ricinoleic acid) [p(SA-RA)] containing 20% w/w gentamicin. A unilateral transverse osteotomy was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, followed by application of Staphylococcus aureus suspension over the fracture. After successfully establishing the contaminated open fracture model, we treated the rats either systemically (intraperitoneal cefuroxime), locally with p(SA-RA) containing gentamicin, or both. Control groups included non-contaminated group and contaminated groups that were either untreated or treated with the polymer alone. After 4 weeks, the bones were subjected to micro-CT scanning and microbiological and histopathology evaluations. Micro-CT analysis revealed similar changes in the group subjected to both local and systemic treatment as in the non-contaminated control group. Lack of detectable bacterial growth was noted in most animals of the group subjected to both local and systemic treatment, and all samples were negative for S. aureus. Histopathological evaluation revealed that all treatment modalities containing antibiotics were highly effective in reducing infection and promoting callus repair, resulting in early bone healing. While p(SA-RA) containing gentamicin treatment showed better results than cefuroxime, the combination of local and systemic treatment displayed the highest therapeutic potential in this model.  相似文献   

The Effect of Perfusate Volume on Amikacin Concentration in the Metacarpophalangeal Joint Following Cephalic Regional Limb Perfusion in Standing Horses          下载免费PDF全文

Gil L. Oreff  Roee Dahan  Amos J. Tatz  Tal Raz  Malka Britzi  Gal Kelmer 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(5):625-630

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Effects of gamma radiation on the immature stages ofLiriomyza Trifolii     

Shoshana Yathom  R. Padova  Susana Tal  I. Ross 《Phytoparasitica》1990,18(2):117-124

The effects of γ-radiation on the immature stages ofLiriomyza trifolii Burgess were studied with doses of 2000-25 Gy. The high doses were lethal to all stages. At doses of 750 Gy or less, larvae survived to pupate, but their number was reduced and the majority were either dead or deformed and did not give rise to adults. Eggs and prepupae were more susceptible to radiation than other stages. Larval radiosensitivity decreased with progressing instar, and pupal sensitivity decreased with increasing age. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 2922-E, 1990 series.  相似文献   

Abstracts of papers presented at the second otto warburg symposim on biotechnology: plant - microorganism interaction in the rhizosphere     

A. HüTtermann Marie-Therese Oelbe  E. Fritz  G. Schlechte  A. Bytom  A. D. Jungk  Y. Okon  E. Fallik  Rivka Hadas  S. Sarig  E. Yahalom  Sara Tal  A. Hartmann  B. Kishinevsky  Debora Gurfel  Rina Lobel  Y. Kapulnik  D. A. Phillips  Y. Hadar  Y. Chen  E. Jurkevitch  J. Katan  A. Gamliel  H. Ziegler  I. Chet  A. Ordentlich  Hadar Kless  A. Oppenheim  Avia Zilberstein  D. Holland  J. Berman  A. Zamir  R. Kaufman  N. Bawnik  C. Koncz  J. Schell 《Phytoparasitica》1987,15(2):141-147

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Genetic engineering of insect viruses for insect biological control     

N. Chejanovsky  J. Tal 《Phytoparasitica》1992,20(Z1):S25-S31

Insect viruses can be exploited for the biological control of insect pests and serve as well as vehicles for the introduction of ‘foreign genes’ into insect cells and insects. The present work describes some of the molecular events that take place during the replication of theGalleria mellonella densonucleosis virus in the insect host. Viral RNA and protein synthesis were monitored. An understanding of the virus biology is essential for further implementation of these viruses for biological control purposes.  相似文献   

Association of Obesity with Serum Leptin,Adiponectin, and Serotonin and Gut Microflora in Beagle Dogs          下载免费PDF全文

H.‐J. Park  S.‐E. Lee  H.‐B. Kim  R.E. Isaacson  K.‐W. Seo  K.‐H. Song 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):43-50

Background

Serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) is involved in hypothalamic regulation of energy consumption. Also, the gut microbiome can influence neuronal signaling to the brain through vagal afferent neurons. Therefore, serotonin concentrations in the central nervous system and the composition of the microbiota can be related to obesity.

Objective

To examine adipokine, and, serotonin concentrations, and the gut microbiota in lean dogs and dogs with experimentally induced obesity.

Animals

Fourteen healthy Beagle dogs were used in this study.

Methods

Seven Beagle dogs in the obese group were fed commercial food ad libitum, over a period of 6 months to increase their weight and seven Beagle dogs in lean group were fed a restricted amount of the same diet to maintain optimal body condition over a period of 6 months. Peripheral leptin, adiponectin, 5HT, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF‐5HT) levels were measured by ELISA. Fecal samples were collected in lean and obese groups 6 months after obesity was induced. Targeted pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using a Genome Sequencer FLX plus system.

Results

Leptin concentrations were higher in the obese group (1.98 ± 1.00) compared to those of the lean group (1.12 ± 0.07, P = .025). Adiponectin and 5‐hydroytryptamine of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF‐5HT) concentrations were higher in the lean group (27.1 ± 7.28) than in the obese group (14.4 ± 5.40, P = .018). Analysis of the microbiome revealed that the diversity of the microbial community was lower in the obese group. Microbes from the phylum Firmicutes (85%) were predominant group in the gut microbiota of lean dogs. However, bacteria from the phylum Proteobacteria (76%) were the predominant group in the gut microbiota of dogs in the obese group.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Decreased 5HT levels in obese group might increase the risk of obesity because of increased appetite. Microflora enriched with gram‐negative might be related with chronic inflammation status in obese dogs.  相似文献   

Threats to privacy protection     

Barash CI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5852):913-914

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Mass spectrometry of intact V-type ATPases reveals bound lipids and the effects of nucleotide binding     

Zhou M  Morgner N  Barrera NP  Politis A  Isaacson SC  Matak-Vinković D  Murata T  Bernal RA  Stock D  Robinson CV 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6054):380-385

The ability of electrospray to propel large viruses into a mass spectrometer is established and is rationalized by analogy to the atmospheric transmission of the common cold. Much less clear is the fate of membrane-embedded molecular machines in the gas phase. Here we show that rotary adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases)/synthases from Thermus thermophilus and Enterococcus hirae can be maintained intact with membrane and soluble subunit interactions preserved in vacuum. Mass spectra reveal subunit stoichiometries and the identity of tightly bound lipids within the membrane rotors. Moreover, subcomplexes formed in solution and gas phases reveal the regulatory effects of nucleotide binding on both ATP hydrolysis and proton translocation. Consequently, we can link specific lipid and nucleotide binding with distinct regulatory roles.  相似文献   

Demographic and environmental risk factors for infection by Theileria equi in 590 horses in Israel     

Steinman A  Zimmerman T  Klement E  Lensky IM  Berlin D  Gottlieb Y  Baneth G 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,187(3-4):558-562

The prevalence of Theileria equi infection as well as the environmental and demographic risk factors for infection was studied in 590 healthy horses from 46 farms in Israel. The prevalence of T. equi DNA was assessed using a polymerase chain reaction for a segment of the Theileria 18S rRNA gene. The overall prevalence was 26.4% (156/590). There was a significant geographical variation in the prevalence of T. equi infection, ranging from 9.3% (25/270) in the central lowlands to 81.7% (49/60) in the Golan Heights. The prevalence of T. equi infection was found to be significantly associated with management types with more horses with access to pasture being positive. Breed was identified as a risk factor for T. equi infection in a univariate analysis with relatively high infection rates in the Quarter horse and local breeds (41.1% and 36.3% respectively), while ponies and Arabian horses had a relatively low prevalence (10% and 9.1%, respectively). However, since a correlation between geographic location and breed was found, it is difficult to draw definite conclusions regarding this risk factor. Age and gender were not found as risk factors for T. equi infection in this study. The environmental variables that were significantly associated with positivity were relative humidity and minimum land surface temperature at day which both showed negative correlation with T. equi prevalence. In conclusion, Israel was found to be enzootic for T. equi infection, as indicated by the high sub-clinical infection rate, which differed between geographical areas.  相似文献   

Pluripotency network in porcine embryos and derived cell lines     

T Brevini  G Pennarossa  S Maffei  F Gandolfi 《Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene》2012,47(Z4):86-91

Huge amounts of work have been dedicated to the establishment of embryonic stem cell lines from farm animal species since the successful isolation of embryonic stem cells from the mouse and from the human. However, no conclusive results have been obtained so far, and validated lines have yet to be established in domestic animals. Many limiting factors have been suggested and need to be studied further to isolate truly pluripotent cell lines from livestock. In this review, we will discuss the difficulties in deriving and maintaining embryonic stem cell lines from farm animal embryos and how can this lack of success be explained. We will summarize results obtained in our laboratory regarding derivation of pluripotent cells in the pigs. Problems related to the identification of standard methods for derivation, maintenance and characterization of cell lines will also be examined. We will focus our attention on the need for appropriate stemness-related marker molecules that can be used to reliably investigate pluripotency in domestic species. Finally, we will review data presently available on functional key pluripotency-maintaining pathways in farm animals.  相似文献