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1.
B. Román C. I. González Verdejo Z. Satovic M. D. Madrid J. I. Cubero S. Nadal 《Phytoparasitica》2007,35(2):129-135
Some species of the genusOrobanche are among the most devastating parasitic weeds, causing extensive damage in agricultural fields. Considering the difficult
control due to seed longevity in the soil, small seed size, high fecundity and a subterranean phase that allows them to parasitize
the host before they emerge and become evident, the development of diagnostic markers is highly recommended. In our study
we identified potential molecular diagnostic markers from the plastid genome in order to distinguish among the most importantOrobanche species attacking crops in Andalusia, the southern region of the Iberian Peninsula. The study has consideredO. crenata, O ramosa andO. cumana causing serious losses in legumes, solanaceous crops and sunflower fields, respectively, andO. minor that, although abundant in Andalusia, has to our knowledge not yet been found parasitizing agricultural hosts. We amplified
a non-coding region from the plastid genome, studied sequence differences among the amplified fragments and digested those
of the same length with selected restriction enzymes. Here, we propose a molecular protocol to distinguish the main parasitic
plants in crop fields of southern Spain. Different applications such as identification ofOrobanche seeds in soil or crop seed lots are discussed in order to offer right crop recommendations or to prevent new infestation
of parasite-free fields. Recommendations for further development of these diagnostic markers are also considered.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 15, 2007. 相似文献
2.
Background
The physiological levels of endocrine and metabolic parameters in Slovene autochthonous breeds of sheep are not yet well known, nor are the mechanisms of their adaptability and responses to climate and environmental factors.Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate fluctuations of cortisol, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in growing ewes over an one-year period. Blood samples were collected monthly from 10 yearling Jezersko-Solchava, 10 Bovec and 10 Istrian ewes. Serum cortisol, insulin and NEFA were measured with commercial kits.Results
Mean monthly cortisol values fluctuated with low levels in summer and high levels in autumn. Significant peaked cortisol values of 25.69 ± 6.89, 14.67 ± 2.43 and 21.11 ± 7.25 μg/L in Jezersko-Solchava, Bovec and Istrian breed, respectively, were found in September (Bovec breed) and October (Jezersko-Solchava and Istrian breed). Mean monthly insulin values increased during the observation period. The highest levels of 14.60 ± 3.15, 16.03 ± 5.35 and 12.56 ± 2.52 μIU/mL in Jezersko-Solchava, Bovec and Istrian breed, respectively, were observed in the last sample collection in May. NEFA concentrations were found to be low except in some autumn and spring months. The peak values were observed in March for Jezersko-Solchava and Istrian breed (0.60 ± 0.05 and 0.66 ± 0.10 mmol/L), and in April for Bovec breed (0.71 ± 0.11 mmol/L).Conclusions
Monthly fluctuations of cortisol, insulin and NEFA were measured in all observed sheep breeds, but between-breed differences in monthly values of examined parameters were insignificant. Significantly increased serum cortisol levels were found in autumn for all breeds and were probably associated with the onset of puberty and low environmental temperature. A gradual increase of insulin level in the examined ewes was in parallel with their growth. Significantly higher NEFA values in spring suggest qualitatively insufficient feed supply during that period. 相似文献3.
Assessing the genetic diversity of Portuguese maize germplasm using microsatellite markers 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A collection of Portuguese maize accessions representing a valuable source of genes for introduction into modern cultivars
is stored at the Portuguese Plant Germplasm Bank (Banco Português de Germoplasma Vegetal—BPGV). To assess genetic diversity
among inbreds, microsatellite analysis was carried out for 54 inbred lines representing the diversity of Portuguese dent and
flint maize germplasm. Fifty American and other European elite inbreds were also analysed for comparison. Fifteen microsatellite
loci distributed throughout the maize genome were chosen based on their repeat unit and base composition. A total of 80 alleles
were detected with an average allele number of 5.33 per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values and observed
genetic distances showed the existence of large variability among inbreds. Cluster analysis indicated that almost all of the
inbreds could be distinguished from each other and Portuguese inbreds were present in all clusters formed. These associations
were consistent with the known pedigree records of the inbreds, confirming a mixed origin of Portuguese materials. Comparative
analysis of microsatellite diversity among groups was established according to important traits for both breeding and line
identification. This revealed that, although most of the genetic diversity (>95%) was attributable to differences among inbreds
of different groups, the existence of phenotypic differentiation in endosperm colour, kernel type and cob colour could be
suggested for grouping. These findings support the joint use of molecular and morphological traits in management of the germplasm
collection. In this study, SSR markers proved to be effective to characterise and identify maize inbred lines, and demonstrate
associations among them.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
RAPD genetic diversity of Albanian olive germplasm and its relationships with other Mediterranean countries 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Angjelina Belaj Zlatko Satovic Hajri Ismaili Dhimitër Panajoti Luis Rallo Isabel Trujillo 《Euphytica》2003,130(3):387-395
RAPD markers were used for the study of 19Albanian olive cultivars and two wild olives (oleasters). A total of 76polymorphic
bands (4.8 polymorphic markers per primer) out of 107 reproducible were obtained using 16 primers. The number of bands per
primer ranged from 4 to 10,whereas the number of polymorphic bands ranged from 1 to 9, corresponding to 71%of the total amplification
products. All the accessions could be identified by the combination of four primers: OPA-19;OPA-02; OPK-16 and OPP-19. The
dendrogram,based on Jaccard's index, included three major groups according to their origin: 1)most of the cultivars from the
area of Berat (South of Albania) 2) cultivars from the Centre and Centre-North of Albania and3) cultivars from the Centre
and North-West of Albania along with the oleaster from Elbasan. In order to evaluate the origin of Albanian cultivars they
were compared to those diffused in other countries like Greece, Italy and Turkey, due to geographical and historical affinity
among these countries, by using a one way AMOVA. Although most of the genetic diversity was attributable to differences among
cultivars within each country (91.47%) significantφ-values among countries(φst = 0.085; p < 0.001)suggested the existence of RAPD phenotypic differentiation. Significant φ-values in all pairs formed by Albania with
the other countries were observed. These results are consistent with the autochthonous origin of Albanian cultivars.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
6.
Ternjej Ivančica Stanković Igor Mihaljević Zlatko Furač Lidija Želježić Davor Kopjar Nevenka 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,204(1-4):299-314
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - In this pilot study, we evaluated the usefulness of the alkaline comet assay as a biomonitoring tool at the level of plankton communities affected by varying... 相似文献
7.
A quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to pea rust, caused by the fungus Uromyces pisi (Pers.) Wint., has been identified in a F2 population derived from an intraspecific cross between two wild pea (Pisum fulvum L.) accessions, IFPI3260 (resistant) and IFPI3251 (susceptible). Both parental lines and all the segregating population displayed
a fully compatible interaction (high infection type), which indicates absence of hypersensitive response. Nevertheless, differences
on the percentage of symptomatic area of the whole plant (disease severity) were observed. A genetic map was developed covering
1283.3 cM and including 146 markers (144 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) and two sequence tagged sites (STSs) markers)
distributed in 9 linkage groups. A QTL explaining 63% of the total phenotypic variation was located in linkage group 3. RAPDs
markers (OPY111316 and OPV171078) flanking this QTL should allow, after their conversion in SCARs, a reliable marker-assisted selection for rust resistance. 相似文献
8.
In faba bean, field based winter-hardiness is a complex trait that is significantly correlated to frost tolerance. Frost tolerance
could be used to indirectly select for faba bean winter-hardiness. The aim of this study was to identify putative QTL associated
with frost tolerance and auxiliary traits and to quantify the efficiency of marker assisted selection. Thus, 101 recombinant
inbred lines derived from the cross between two frost tolerant lines were tested for their hardened and unhardened frost tolerance
and for their leaf fatty acid content in both treatments. Significant differences among the RIL were observed for all studied
traits. For frost tolerance, five putative QTL were detected; three for unhardened frost tolerance that explained 40.7% (8.6%
after cross-validation, CV) of its genotypic variance and two for hardened frost tolerance that explained 21.8% (1.0% after
CV). For fatty acid content, three QTL were detected for oleic acid content in unhardened leaves that explained 62.9% (40.6%
after CV) of its genotypic variance. This fatty acid was significantly correlated with unhardened frost tolerance. The unbiased
genotypic variance explained enabled to draw realistic prospects of MAS for frost tolerance. In this study, combined MAS was
more efficient than classical phenotypic selection and was expected to be higher on larger populations at early generations.
Moreover, favourable alleles inherited from the exotic line BPL 4628 could be introgressed to European winter-hardy beans
for further improvement. 相似文献
9.
A. M. Torres B. Román C. M. Avila Z. Satovic D. Rubiales J. C. Sillero J. I. Cubero M. T. Moreno 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):67-80
Summary Faba beans are adversely affected by numerous fungal diseases leading to a steady reduction in the cultivated area in many
countries. Major diseases such as Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae), rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae), chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae), downy mildew (Peornospora viciae) and foot rots (Fusarium spp.) are considered to be the major constraints to the crop. Importantly, broomrape (Orobanche crenata), a very aggressive parasitic angiosperm, is the most damaging and widespread enemy along the Mediterranean basin and Northern
Africa. Recent mapping studies have allowed the identification of genes and QTLs controlling resistance to some of these diseases.
In case of broomrape, 3 QTLs explained more than 70% of the phenotypic variance of the trait. Concerning Ascochyta, two QTLs
located in chromosomes 2 and 3 explained 45% of variation. A second population sharing the susceptible parental line also
revealed two QTLs, one of them likely sharing chromosomal location and jointly contributing with a similar percentage of the
total phenotypic variance. Finally, several RAPD markers linked to a gene determining hypersensitive resistance to race 1
of the rust fungus U. viciae-fabae have also been reported. The aim of this paper is to review the state of the art of gene technology for genetic improvement
of faba bean against several important biotic stresses. Special emphasis is given on the application of marker technology,
and Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis for Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) in the species. Finally, the potential use
of genomic tools to facilitate breeding in the species is discussed. The combined approach should expedite the future development
of lines and cultivars with multiple disease resistance, one of the top priorities in faba bean research programs. 相似文献
10.
Nemec A Jerin A Zdovc I Budefeld T Verstraete FJ Eržen D Sentjurc M Petelin M Hitti T Pavlica Z 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(3):401-407
Twenty-four female BALB/c mice were orally inoculated with 10(8) CFU Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and euthanized 2.5, 7, 13 and 25 h post-inoculation. The levels of organ nitric oxide (NO) and plasma endotoxin, TNF-alpha and nitrite/nitrate (NO(x)) were compared to those found in sham-inoculated mice, to evaluate systemic host-response to a low-level oral exposure to Gram-negative bacteria. Organ bacterial culture and immunohistochemistry for iNOS were performed on lungs, liver, kidneys and brain from all mice. Organ NO and plasma TNF-alpha levels were higher in E. coli-inoculated animals, but no differences were detected in plasma endotoxin levels, NO(x) or iNOS immunostaining for any of the animal groups. Single oral gavage with live E. coli stimulates an early systemic immune response in clinically healthy mice as evidenced by increased plasma TNF-alpha and organ NO levels, but bacteremia and endotoxemia are not related to this inflammatory response. 相似文献