Contribution to the toxic action of S-methyl fenitrothion     

L. Rosival  M. Vargová  J. Szokolayová  K. Čerey  A. Hladká  V. Bátora  J. Kovačičová  Š. Truchlik 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1976,6(3):280-286

The toxicity of the S-methyl isomer of fenitrothion was found to be higher than that of both fenitrothion and technical fenitrothion. Repeated administration of the compound showed a rapid decrease in toxicity with decreasing doses.Excretion of p-nitro-m-cresol into the urine of rats was more rapid and the excreted amounts were larger from a single dose of the isomer than from fenitrothion.Single doses of the isomer increased the pentobarbitone sleeping time in mice at both 24 and 48 hr, but showed no change after 4 days. Administration of the isomer and purified fenitrothion to mice for 1 week had no effect on the pentobarbitone sleeping time, nor did a single dose of fenitrothion change the effectiveness of pentobarbitone.Dominant lethal tests in rats revealed a possible mutagenic effect from this compound.The anticholinesterase activity of the fenitrothion S-methyl isomer in vitro was found to be two to three times higher than that of fenitrothion.  相似文献   

Hydrolysis rate and In vitro anticholinesterase activity of fenitrothion and S-methyl fenitrothion     

J. Kova i ov  V. Btora  &#x; Truchlik 《Pest management science》1973,4(5):759-763

Anticholinesterase activity in vitro of pure fenitrothion, S-methyl fenitrothion (SMF) and mixtures of both was studied using different sources of cholinesterase. SMF was two to three orders as active an inhibitor as fenitrothion. In the mixtures, 1 and 5% SMF significantly influenced the I₅₀ value of fenitrothion. The hydrolysis rates of both compounds are given. A method for the synthesis of pure SMF is also described.  相似文献   

Putative new species of the genus Dickeya as major soft rot pathogens in Phalaenopsis orchid production          下载免费PDF全文

Š. Alič  T. Naglič  M. Tušek‐Žnidarič  M. Peterka  M. Ravnikar  T. Dreo 《Plant pathology》2017,66(8):1357-1368

Bacterial soft rots are a serious limitation to the production of orchids and other horticultural plants. Here, the characterization of causative bacteria isolated from Phalaenopsis orchids showing symptoms, from a commercial production site, is reported. The most commonly isolated bacteria were identified as Dickeya spp. Partial sequencing of 16S rDNA, fliC and dnaX showed diversity among the isolates and divided the isolates into two groups, with greatest similarity to previously reported undefined Dickeya lineages from orchids (UDL‐3 and UDL‐4). Two isolates (B16, S1) were sequenced using next‐generation sequencing, which has provided draft genomes of these two isolates for further studies (Ali? et al., 2015 ). Newly developed fliC‐based lineage‐specific quantitative real‐time PCR assays were used to distinguish among the lineages and to assess their relative abundances in diseased tissues. Virulence and aggressiveness comparison tests in vivo on Phalaenopsis orchids, potato plants and witloof chicory leaves indicated high virulence and extreme maceration potential of these novel Dickeya isolates, compared to a reference panel of other Dickeya spp. Pantoea cypripedii (formerly Pectobacterium cypripedii), which has previously been reported as a soft rot pathogen of orchids, was not detected, and isolates obtained from culture collections did not cause symptoms on artificially infected Phalaenopsis orchids.  相似文献   

Diversity within the novel Dickeya fangzhongdai sp., isolated from infected orchids,water and pears          下载免费PDF全文

Š. Alič  F. Van Gijsegem  J. Pédron  M. Ravnikar  T. Dreo 《Plant pathology》2018,67(7):1612-1620

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Laboratory purification of fenitrothion     

J. Kova i ov  Zafar Masud  V. Btora  J. Kov   &#x;. Truchlik 《Pest management science》1971,2(3):101-102

A simple method for laboratory purification of fenitrothion technical concentrates for analytical purposes is described. The method is based on the differential rate of alkaline hydrolysis of fenitrothion, its S-methyl isomer and corresponding oxygen analogue. The volatile impurities are removed by counter-current steam distillation.  相似文献   

Effects of long‐term grazing management on dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in Agrostis capillaris grassland          下载免费PDF全文

Š. Supek  V. Pavlů  L. Pavlů  J. Gaisler  M. Hejcman  V. Ludvíková  J. Mikulka 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(3):516-523

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.) is a common forb species in grasslands in Europe. Although sometimes regarded as a valuable forage herb, it may become a weed, especially in arable land. There is limited information on the response of Taraxacum to long‐term grassland management practices. Therefore, we analysed cover and dry‐matter standing biomass of Taraxacum in a long‐term (1998–2012) grazing experiment on an Agrostis capillaris grassland. The following treatments were laid out on formerly abandoned grassland: (i) intensive grazing (IG); (ii) extensive grazing (EG); (iii) first cut followed by intensive grazing (ICG); (iv) first cut followed by extensive grazing (ECG); and (v) unmanaged grassland (U). During the first 10 years, all defoliation treatments (i–iv) supported the presence of Taraxacum, and the lowest proportion was recorded in the unmanaged treatment (U). During the final 7 years of the study, combined cutting and grazing promoted Taraxacum cover more than that of grazing only (ICG > IG > ECG > EG). Cover of Taraxacum was negatively affected by increasing sward height where Taraxacum plants had lower fitness. Due to the relatively strong relationship between percentage cover of Taraxacum and its dry‐matter biomass, percentage cover could be used as a simple method for the assessment of biomass of Taraxacum in a sward. Results are discussed in the context of adapting the management of A. capillaris grassland as a simple method for control of Taraxacum abundance, particularly in situations of extensification or abandonment.  相似文献