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Achmadi PRIYATMOJO Ryo YAMAUCHI Koji KAGEYAMA Mitsuro HYAKUMACHI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(1):1-7
Cellular fatty acids were analyzed to characterize and differentiate 34 isolates of Rhizoctonia species representing binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-D (I), AG-D (II), R. solani AG 2-2 IIIB, AG 2-2 LP, R. circinata var. circinata and var. oryzae associated with turfgrass diseases in Japan. Myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and
linolenic acids were consistently present in varying quantities in all isolates. Heptadecanoic and 9-heptadecenoic acids were
present in isolates of Rhizoctonia AG-D (I), AG-D (II), R. solani AG 2-2 IIIB and AG 2-2 LP but not in isolates of R. circinata var. circinata and var. oryzae. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids found, constituting 88.30-98.37% of the whole-cell fatty acid
content. The remaining fatty acids were present in smaller amounts. Isolates within a single group were closely clustered,
whereas isolates from different groups were clearly distinguishable based on average linkage cluster analysis of cellular
fatty acids. Principal component analysis, based on all fatty acids detected, confirmed the distinct separation of isolates
representing the six groups of Rhizoctonia species obtained from turfgrasses. These results suggested that fatty acid analysis is useful for the characterization and
differentiation of isolates of Rhizoctonia species associated with turfgrass diseases.
Received 21 May 2001/ Accepted in revised form 28 September 2001 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Root and stem rot of cut-flower roses (Rosa spp.) was observed in commercial glasshouse-grown roses in 10 prefectures of Japan from 1998 through 2001. Binucleate-like Rhizoctonia spp. were isolated mainly from the disease plants. In all, 670 isolates were divided into two types based on cultural appearance; 168 isolates of light brown to brown type and 502 isolates of whitish type. A hyphal anastomosis reaction using representative isolates from each type revealed that the light brown to brown type belonged to anastomosis group G (AG-G), whereas the whitish type (AG-CUT) failed to anastomose with tester strains of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A through AG-S. Neither isolates of AG-G nor AG-CUT anastomosed with tester strains of a previously reported unknown AG (AG-MIN) of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. collected from miniature roses. In pathogenicity tests, randomly selected isolates of the three groups caused root and stem rot on cut-flower and miniature roses. To differentiate AG-CUT and AG-MIN from known AGs of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp., restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analyses of a ribosomal (r)DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were conducted. Among the eight restriction enzymes used, HaeIII produced DNA banding patterns for AG-CUT that differed from those of tester strains and AG-MIN. Additionally, restriction profiles of AG-MIN differed from those of all tester strains. AG-G isolates from cut-flower roses had the same RFLP pattern as the tester strains of AG-G. Based on the results of hyphal anastomosis and RFLP and sequence analysis of an rDNA-ITS region, we propose that AG-CUT be designated AG-T and AG-MIN be designated AG-U, two new AGs of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. The phylogenetic tree based on the sequence data of the rDNA-ITS region showed that isolates of AG-MIN were in a distinct clade from other AGs, whereas isolates of AG-CUT were in the same clade as those of AG-A. More detailed phylogenetic analysis besides rDNA-ITS region might be necessary for AG classification of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. 相似文献
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Takeshi?Toda Joseph M.?Mghalu Achmadi?Priyatomojo Mitsuro?HyakumachiEmail author 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(5):270-272
The rDNA-ITS sequence of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-ID was determined and compared to those of R. solani AG 1-IA, AG 1-IB, and AG 1-IC. The similarity of the isolates from each AG 1 subgroup was almost identical (99%–100%), whereas it was lower between subgroups (91%–95%) than within subgroups. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that isolates of AG 1-ID and other subgroups were separately clustered. Isolates of R. solani AG 1 were clearly separated from R. solani AG 2-1, AG 4, and binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-Bb and AG-K. These results showed that analysis of the rDNA-ITS sequence is an optimal criterion for differentiating R. solani AG 1-ID from other subgroups of R. solani AG 1. 相似文献
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Achmadi Jumberi Mina Yamada Satoshi Yamada Hideyasu Fujiyama 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):657-664
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of exchangeable Na on the growth and absorption of metal elements in barley, rye, and maize. The plants were cultivated in soils whose exchangeable sodium percentages (ESP) were 6.6 (saline soil: Saline), 17.4 (saline-sodic soil: Sodic 1), and 39.6 (sodic soil: Sodic 2), which were prepared from Tottori sand dune soil (Control). The dry weight (DW) and concentrations of metal elements Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu) in shoots were analyzed. The shoot DW was smaller with higher ESP, but in barley the difference between all the treatments was no longer observed with time. In Sodic soils, the growth of barley was vigorous, whereas rye growth was poor, and maize plants died by 5 weeks after planting. The Na concentration in shoots of all the species was higher with higher ESP. The K concentration in shoots was low at the early growth stage, but in barley it was higher in the Saline and both Sodic soils than in the Control at the subsequent stages. The concentrations of Ca and Mg in shoots of barley and maize in the Saline and both Sodic soils were higher than those in the Control, but in rye the concentrations were lowest in Sodic 2. The concentrations of Mn, Zn, and Cu in barley shoots in the Saline and bothSodic soils tended to be higher than those in the Control, whereas in rye they were lower than in the Control in both Sodic soils. Barley showed a higher ability to absorb low available microelements than rye and maize. These results indicate that barley is tolerant to sodicity as well as salinity, maize is tolerant to salinity, but is very sensitive to sodicity, and rye is moderately sensitive to both stresses. We suggest that the tolerance of grain crops to ESP involves a tolerance to a high Na concentration in shoots, the ability to keep suitable concentrations of essential cations in the presence of a high concentration of Na in shoots and the ability to absorb low available microelements. 相似文献
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Pancreatic insulin secretory response and insulin action in heat-exposed sheep given a concentrate or roughage diet 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of heat exposure and type of diet on the insulin secretory response to glucose and glucose disposal in response to insulin action in female sheep were investigated employing hyperglycemic and euglycemic clamp techniques. Animals were divided into concentrate and roughage diet groups, and were maintained at the same intake levels of metabolizable energy and crude protein in both diets. Each diet group was subjected to either thermoneutral (20°C, 70% RH) or hot (30°C, 70% RH) environment, followed by glucose clamp experiments.
Heat-exposed sheep showed significant increases in respiration rates (P<.001) and rectal temperature (P<.05). Plasma glucose concentrations in the basal conditions were lower (P<.01) in the hot environment than in the thermoneutral environment, but there was no significant difference in basal levels of plasma insulin between the environmental treatments. In the hyperglycemic clamp experiment, mean plasma insulin increments increased (P<.05) during the heat exposure period across diet treatments. The ratio of mean plasma insulin increment to glucose infusion rate tended to be higher (P<.07) in the hot environment than in the thermoneutral environment, but diet treatment did not affect the ratio of mean plasma insulin increment to glucose infusion rate. The euglycemic clamp technique showed that glucose infusion rates remained unchanged among treatments. Insulin secretion response to glucose could be stimulated in the hot environment. 相似文献
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Hypomagnesemia in ruminants has been shown to be associated with cold stress and with altered insulin secretion and sensitivity. However, the relationship between hypomagnesemia and tissue responsiveness to insulin in ruminants exposed to cold environment is still unclear. The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps, four insulin infusion rates (1, 2, 4 and 8 mU x kgBW(-1) x min(-1) for four sequential periods of 2-h each) were performed to determine combined effects of hypomagnesemia and cold exposure (0 degrees C) on tissue responsiveness to insulin in sheep. The low magnesium (0.05% Mg) and high potassium (4.20% K) diet and cold exposure decreased (P <.05) plasma Mg levels compared with those of the control diet (0.28% Mg/0.52% K) and the thermoneutral environment (20 degrees C). In the euglycemic clamps, cold exposure increased (P <.01) the pooled glucose infusion rate (GIR) across various insulin infusion rates in both diet treatments, though the increases in GIR were small for the low Mg/high K diet. In the cold environment, the GIR was lower (P <.01) for the low Mg/high K diet-fed sheep than for the control diet-fed sheep. The maximal insulin-induced increase in GIR was lower (P <.01) in the hypomagnesemic sheep than in the control sheep during cold exposure, and the insulin level resulting in half-maximal GIR tended to be higher in the hypomagnesemic sheep than in the control sheep. These results indicated that hypomagnesemia in ruminants depressed the enhanced tissue responsiveness to insulin in the cold environment, and decreased insulin-mediated glucose disposal. 相似文献
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