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Roland W. S. Weber Alfred-Peter Entrop 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,149(3):739-742
In a four-year survey of strawberry nursery plants, 340 Botrytis isolates were collected and examined for fungicide resistance. High percentages of isolates with resistance to members of all fungicide classes registered on strawberries in Germany were found, i.e. trifloxystrobin (90.3%), boscalid (53.8%), cyprodinil (41.5%), fludioxonil (28.2%) and fenhexamid (15.6%). Of these isolates, 10.3% possessed multiple resistance to all compounds. At 5.0%, resistance to the recently registered fungicide fluopyram was low. Dutch nursery material harboured significantly higher proportions of isolates with resistance to any or all fungicides than plants produced in Germany. These data point to nursery plants as a possible route of introducing fungicide-resistant Botrytis strains into commercial strawberry fields. 相似文献
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In the summer of 2010 and during the following two seasons, a twig dieback of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) was observed in southern Lower Saxony especially in younger plantations of the variety ‘Duke’. The sudden onset of a chlorosis and necrosis of individual twigs was associated with a destruction of the vascular cambium and with longitudinal streaks of brown discolourations in the xylem tissue deposited during the previous year. New shoots were often formed from the intact roots and from regions of older twigs located immediately above the soil surface. Potentially pathogenic fungi, including Godronia cassandrae, Phomopsis spp., Diplodia seriata, Pestalotiopsis sp., Paraconiothyrium sporulosum, Colletotrichum acutatum, Fusarium avenaceum and F. lateritium, were found sporadically on dead twigs, each fungus being present in 6 or fewer of the 12 plantations surveyed. Winter frost damage of xylem tissues was determined to be the main cause of the disease, facilitated by a delayed termination of vegetative growth which led to a lack of winter hardiness at the time-point of the first serious frost events. 相似文献
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Trials with the fungicides Cuprozin WP (active ingredient copper hydroxide), Malvin WG (captan), Switch (cyprodinil and fludioxonil) and Signum (pyraclostrobin and boscalid) were conducted in two young blueberry orchards (variety ‘Duke’) severely affected by twig dieback. Treatments were sprayed twice during leaf fall in autumn 2011 or once during budding in spring 2012. No treatment had any effect against twig dieback. This result confirms earlier indications of winter frost damage of xylem tissue as the primary cause of these symptoms in Northern Germany. A colonisation of dead twigs by Godronia cassandrae was therefore probably the consequence, rather than cause, of dieback. 相似文献
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In 2006–2008, fungi responsible for raspberry cane blight symptoms in Northern Germany included Fusarium avenaceum, Leptosphaeria coniothyrium, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Botrytis cinerea (listed in order of decreasing importance). These pathogens and their symptoms are briefly described. Fusarium avenaceum has been chiefly responsible for the severe recent outbreaks of cane blight in Northern Germany, where it is ubiquitous on cultivated and wild raspberries. In 2007 infections took place during a period of wetness in mid-May and were associated with the natural formation of epidermal cracks by the expanding primocanes, but not with infestations by the gall midge (Resseliella theobaldi) which began on June 6th. In 2008, a prolonged drought throughout May and June caused a delay of F. avenaceum infections until mid-July, by which time R. theobaldi had already extensively colonised primocanes. In addition to living infected primocanes, dead above-ground cane stumps and cane fragments were the main overwintering substrates for F. avenaceum. Implications for possible crop hygiene measures against F. avenaceum are discussed. 相似文献
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Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In a survey of Botrytis populations in Northern Germany in 2012-2014, an average of 67.7% and 73.8% of isolates from strawberry and raspberry fields... 相似文献
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In a long-term survey of black root rot of strawberries and raspberries in Northern Germany in 2007–2014, fungi with and without Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs were isolated as potential pathogens. Dactylonectria torresensis was the most common species, being isolated from 18% of strawberry roots obtained from nursery plants and 37% of roots from production fields, as well as 21% and 29% (respectively) of raspberry roots. Less frequently isolated fungi with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs included Ilyonectria crassa, Ilyonectria sp. 2, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta, C. obtusisporium and Ilyonectria sp. 1. Severe disease symptoms were reproduced by artificial inoculation of strawberries with D. torresensis, I. crassa and Ilyonectria sp. 2, milder symptoms with C. obtusisporium. A wide range of other root-pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae, Ceratobasidium fragariae, Gnomoniopsis fructicola, Hainesia lythri, and species of Cadophora, Leptodontidium, Pythium, Phytophthora, Plectosporella, Pestalotiopsis and Truncatella were either isolated only sporadically or were not associated with black root rot symptoms, suggesting that they did not play any major role in this disease in Northern Germany. Visible disease symptoms and high frequencies of D. torresensis isolations in many batches of nursery plants indicated that these may comprise a major source of contamination of production fields. The previously unrecognised prominence of D. torresensis resolves a long-standing puzzle concerning the cause of the ongoing black root rot epidemic in Northern German strawberry and raspberry production. 相似文献
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