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Angelini LG Tozzi S Nassi o Di Nasso N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(25):7541-7547
Polygonum tinctorium Ait. is a herbaceous subtropical annual plant, belonging to the family Polygonaceae. Within the cells of its leaves P. tinctorium accumulates large amounts of a colorless glycoside, indican (indoxyl beta-d-glucoside), from which the blue dye indigo is synthesized. P. tinctorium is well-known in Japan, where it had been cultivated to produce natural indigo for textile dyeing, whereas it represents a potentially interesting new crop in Europe. To better understand the effects of environmental parameters on P. tinctorium crop production and indigo yield, field experiments were carried out in central Italy under temperate climate. Three lines were tested during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons, and plant/leaf yields as well as indican contents were evaluated. The results showed that P. tinctorium grown in temperate climate conditions can be harvested three times a year. Yields of 82 and 120 t ha(-1) of fresh plant yield were obtained in 2001 and 2002, respectively. The contrasting weather conditions between the two years significantly affected biomass production, which was higher in the 2002 season, characterized by wet weather conditions. The cycle length from sowing to the last harvest was accomplished in 229-238 days when plants had accumulated 2017-2018 degrees C. Green leaves accounted for 40-45% by weight of fresh plant tissue and contained 11-20 g kg(-1) indican. The three lines did not significantly differ in the main productive parameters or in fresh leaf indican content (14.1 g kg(-1) mean value). Photosynthetic active radiation influences indican leaf production according to the model y = 0.0004x + 8.566 (P < 0.01, correlation coefficient = 0.818). Indican content ranged from 12 to 25 g kg(-1) of fresh leaves with PAR daily values from 10000 to 40000 mEinstein m(-2) (recorded in May and at the end of July-beginning of August, respectively). The results indicate that in nonlimiting rainfall conditions a very high indican content and a potentially high indigo yield can be obtained by cultivating P. tinctorium in this pioneer geographical area. 相似文献
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De Miccolis Angelini RM Rotolo C Masiello M Pollastro S Ishii H Faretra F 《Pest management science》2012,68(9):1231-1240
BACKGROUND: QoI fungicides, inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration, are considered to be at high risk of resistance development. In several phytopathogenic fungi, resistance is caused by mutations (most frequently G143A) in the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene. The genetic and molecular basis of QoI resistance were investigated in laboratory and field mutants of Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetz. exhibiting in vitro reduced sensitivity to trifloxystrobin. RESULTS: B. fuckeliana mutants highly resistant to trifloxystrobin were obtained in the laboratory by spontaneous mutations in wild‐type strains, or from naturally infected plants on a medium amended with 1–3 mg L?1 trifloxystrobin and 2 mM salicylhydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of alternative oxidase. No point mutations were detected, either in the complete nucleotide sequences of the cytb gene or in those of the aox and Rieske protein genes of laboratory mutants, whereas all field mutants carried the G143A mutation in the mitochondrial cytb gene. QoI resistance was always maternally inherited in ascospore progeny of sexual crosses of field mutants with sensitive reference strains. CONCLUSIONS: The G143A mutation in cytb gene is confirmed to be responsible for field resistance to QoIs in B. fuckeliana. Maternal inheritance of resistance to QoIs in progeny of sexual crosses confirmed that it is caused by extranuclear genetic determinants. In laboratory mutants the heteroplasmic state of mutated mitochondria could likely hamper the G143A detection, otherwise other gene(s) underlying different mechanisms of resistance could be involved. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Fernando Ibañez Tania Taurian Jorge Angelini Maria Laura Tonelli Adriana Fabra 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(2):537-539
Our previous studies of the native rhizobial population associated with peanut nodules in the Córdoba soils of Argentina revealed that this population is highly diverse and includes slow- and fast-growing isolates. The native fast-growing isolates NCHA22 and NET30 were selected on the basis of their plant growth promoting properties and their chromosomal genotypes were determined by 16S rDNA sequencing. NCHA22 and NET30 16S rDNA alleles were found to cluster with those of Rhizobium tropici group IIB and Rhizobium giardinii bv. giardinii strain H152, respectively. We have now characterized these isolates by analyzing the glnA and nifH genes to clarify their taxonomic position. These studies confirmed that fast-growing isolates belonging to species earlier described as bean symbionts were obtained from nodules of a leguminous plant that has been described as efficiently nodulated exclusively by slow-growing rhizobial strains. 相似文献
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Rita M. De Miccolis Angelini Wassim Habib Caterina Rotolo Stefania Pollastro Francesco Faretra 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(2):185-199
Resistance to the fungicide boscalid in laboratory mutants of Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea) was investigated. The baseline sensitivity to boscalid was evaluated in terms of colony growth (EC50 = 0.3–3 μg ml−1; MIC = 10–30 μg ml−1) and conidial germination (EC50 = 0.03–0.1 μg ml−1; MIC = 1–3 μg ml−1) tests. Mutants were selected in vitro from wild-type strains of the fungus on a fungicide-amended medium containing acetate as a carbon source. Mutants showed
two different levels of resistance to boscalid, distinguishable through the conidial germination tests: low (EC50 ∼ 0.3 μg ml−1, ranging from 0.03 to 1 μg ml−1; MIC > 100 μg ml−1) and high (EC50 > 100 μg ml−1) resistance. Analysis of meiotic progeny from crosses between resistant mutants and sensitive reference strains showed that
resistant phenotypes were due to mutations in single major gene(s) inherited in a Mendelian fashion, and linked with both
the Daf1 and Mbc1 genes, responsible for resistance to dicarboximide and benzimidazole fungicides, respectively. Gene sequence analysis of
the four sub-units of the boscalid-target protein, the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme, revealed that single or double point
mutations in the highly conserved regions of the iron-sulphur protein (Ip) gene were associated with resistance. Mutations
resulted in proline to leucine or phenylalanine replacements at position 225 (P225L or P225F) in high resistant mutants, and
in a histidine to tyrosine replacement at position 272 (H272Y) in low resistant mutants. Sequences of the flavoprotein and
the two transmembrane sub-units of succinate dehydrogenase were never affected. 相似文献
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The perennial grass giant reed (Arundo donax L.) has been proposed as a promising biomass energy crop in southern Europe. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two fertilisation levels (F = 200–80–200 N–P–K kg ha?1; UF = 0–0–0 N–P–K kg ha?1) and two harvest times (A: autumn, W: winter) on the biomass quality of giant reed as a solid fuel for combustion. Different aged crops grown in central Italy (latitude 43°40′N, and longitude10°19′E) in the period of 1996–2005 were collected and analysed. Our results confirmed that giant reed biomass is characterized by a high content of ash and silicon. Giant reed showed an increase in ash content from F to UF and from A to W. The production of biomass from fertilised crops harvested in the autumn may thus be a good method for reducing the ash content by about 20%. The results also showed an improvement in biomass combustion quality in 10-year-old crops due to a lower ash content and higher SiO2/K2O and CaO/K2O ratios, which could contribute to a lower slagging tendency. This research should help to improve our knowledge of the chemical composition of giant reed and presents possible agronomic strategies to combine a high biomass yield with good combustion quality. 相似文献
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De Bona Gicele Sbardelotto Vincenzi Simone De Marchi Fabiola Angelini Elisa Bertazzon Nadia 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(3):715-724
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In the present study, a commercial chitosan soluble in acid solution and obtained from shrimp shell waste, with a molecular weight of 173 kDa and... 相似文献
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M. Hren M. Ravnikar J. Brzin P. Ermacora L. Carraro P. A. Bianco P. Casati M. Borgo E. Angelini A. Rotter K. Gruden 《Plant pathology》2009,58(1):170-180
Interaction between phytoplasma and grapevine at the physiological level is still poorly understood, as are plant defence mechanisms against the pathogen. This study investigates the level of gene expression of three selected genes in a large number of grapevine plants belonging to six disease/cultivar groups (healthy Chardonnay, Bois noir-infected Chardonnay, Flavescence dorée-infected Barbera and Prosecco, and recovered Barbera and Prosecco). All plants were grown in vineyards in uncontrolled conditions in order to represent the physiology of disease as accurately as possible. Sucrose synthase was significantly upregulated in infected plants of all cultivars with the lowest P -values in cvs Chardonnay and Prosecco ( P < 0·001) and median fold-change around 2. This clearly indicates that carbohydrate metabolism changed in infected compared to healthy or recovered plants. Alcohol dehydrogenase I was significantly upregulated in infected relative to healthy Chardonnay plants ( P < 0·05) indicating that alcoholic fermentation, a sign of hypoxic conditions, was induced in infected plants. Heat shock protein 70 was upregulated in infected compared to recovered plants only in cv. Prosecco. Linear discriminant analysis showed that classification of samples into disease status groups based on gene expression was highly accurate (82%), indicating that the response of field-grown plants to phytoplasma infection at the level of expression of selected genes was so intensive and uniform that it was possible to detect it in grapevine plants regardless of natural variables. 相似文献
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Heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) and DNA sequencing were performed on Flavescence dorée (FD) phytoplasma strains and related phytoplasmas belonging to the elm yellows group. Part of the ribosomal RNA gene operon and a nonribosomal DNA region were utilized for phylogenetic analyses. Two FD strains, FD92 and FD-D, detected in France and Italy, respectively, were identical in both DNA fragments, confirming previous results. Other FD strains were all very similar and most closely resembled ALY, an Italian alder phytoplasma. Phytoplasmas associated with German Palatinate grapevine yellows were shown to form a distinct subcluster, also different from the elm yellows phytoplasma subcluster. Strain disparities revealed by HMA and sequence data were mostly in agreement, highlighting the utility of HMA in differentiation and classification of phytoplasmas belonging to the same ribosomal RNA group. 相似文献
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Isatis tinctoria L. (woad) is one of the earliest known sources of indigo in Europe where it was cultivated since the Middle Ages. Isatisindigotica Fort. (Chinese woad), widely distributed in China, had been used from ancient times as indigo-producing plant and medicinal plant. Both species produce indigo precursors indican (indoxyl β-d glucoside) and isatan B (indoxyl ketogluconate) in their leaves. In order to identify new suitable crops for indigo production in Italy, 17 woad lines were studied under field conditions in Central Italy (Pisa, 43°40′N, 10°19′E) from 2001 to 2003. We analyzed the effects of year, genotype, and harvest times together with their reciprocal interactions on leaf yield and indigo precursors production. Woad lines were then compared with seven I. indigotica lines in a field crop experiment set up in 2003. Extraction and quantification of indigo precursors were accomplished by HPLC-ELSD. Isatan B and indican content, as well as equivalent indigo and fresh/dry leaf yield, were compared between species and among genotypes. 相似文献