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1.
Arunakumari K. V. Durgarani C. Satturu V. R. Sarikonda K. D. R. Chittoor P. Vutukuri B. S. Laha G. P. K. Nelli A. Gattu S. Jamal M. Prasadbabu A. Hajira S. M. Sundaram R. 《水稻科学》2016,23(6):306
Two major bacterial blight(BB) resistance genes(Xa21 and xa13) and a major gene for blast resistance(Pi54) were introgressed into an Indian rice variety MTU1010 through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Improved Samba Mahsuri(possessing Xa21 and xa13) and NLR145(possessing Pi54) were used as donor parents. Marker-assisted backcrossing was continued till BC2 generation wherein PCR based functional markers specific for the resistance genes were used for foreground selection and a set of parental polymorphic microsatellite markers were used for background selection at each stage of backcrossing. Selected BC2F1 plants from both crosses, having the highest recoveries of MTU1010 genome(90% and 92%, respectively), were intercrossed to obtain intercross F1(ICF1) plants, which were then selfed to generate 880 ICF2 plants possessing different combinations of the BB and blast resistance genes. Among the ICF2 plants, seven triple homozygous plants(xa13xa13Xa21Xa21Pi54Pi54) with recurrent parent genome recovery ranging from 82% to 92% were identified. All the seven ICF2 plants showed high resistance against the bacterial blight disease with a lesion lengths of only 0.53–2.28 cm, 1%–5% disease leaf areas and disease scoring values of ‘1' or ‘3'. The seven ICF2 plants were selfed to generate ICF3, which were then screened for blast resistance, and all were observed to be highly resistant to the diseases. Several ICF3 lines possessing high level of resistance against BB and blast, coupled with yield, grain quality and plant type on par with MTU1010 were identified and advanced for further selection and evaluation. 相似文献
2.
Characterization of immunogenic proteins of Trypanosoma evansi isolated from three different Indian hosts using hyperimmune sera and immune sera 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The western blot analysis for identification of immunogenic proteins in whole cell lysate (WCL) antigens (Ags) prepared from the Trypanosoma evansi of buffalo, horse and cattle origins using hyperimmune sera (HIS) showed 11 immunogenic proteins and naturally T. evansi infected immune sera (IS) of horse detected 19 immunogenic proteins. HIS and IS of horse recognized five common immunogenic proteins of relative molecular weight (M(r)) ranges 61-64, 44-47, 33-34, 25-26 and 14-16 kilo Dalton (kDa). HIS rose against WCL Ags of T. evansi of buffalo origin and immune sera of horse cross reacted with WCL Ags of T. evansi of different host origin. It can be concluded that in comparison to HIS, IS of horse could able to detect more numbers of immunogenic proteins and five common immunogenic proteins in WCL Ages of T. evansi of different hosts origin. The evidence of higher reactivity of IS in comparison to HIS against T. evansi is being reported for the first time. 相似文献
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4.
R. Abdul Fiyaz D. Shivani K. Chaithanya K. Mounika M. Chiranjeevi G. S. Laha B. C. Viraktamath L. V. Subba Rao R. M. Sundaram 《水稻科学》2022,29(2):118-132
The production and productivity of rice has been challenged due to biotic and abiotic factors. Bacterial blight (BB) disease, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is one of the important biotic stress factors, which reduces rice production by 20%–50%. The deployment of host plant resistance is the most preferred strategy for management of BB disease, and breeding disease resistant varieties remains a very economical and effective option. However, it is difficult to develop rice varieties with durable broad-spectrum resistance against BB using conventional approaches alone. Modern biotechnological tools, particularly the deployment of molecular markers, have facilitated the cloning, characterization and introgression of BB resistance genes into elite varieties. At least 46 BB resistance genes have been identified and mapped from diverse sources till date. Among these, 11 genes have been cloned and characterized. Marker-assisted breeding remains the most efficient approach to improve BB resistance by introducing two or more resistance genes into target varieties. Among the identified genes, xa5, xa13 and Xa21 are being widely used in marker-assisted breeding and more than 70 rice varieties or hybrid rice parental lines have been improved for their BB resistance alone or in combination with genes/QTLs conferring tolerance to other stress. We review the developments related to identification and utilization of various resistance genes to develop BB resistant rice varieties through marker-assisted breeding. 相似文献
5.
D. Ladhalakshmi G. S. Laha Ram Singh A. Karthikeyan S. K. Mangrauthia R. M. Sundaram P. Thukkaiyannan B. C. Viraktamath 《Phytoparasitica》2012,40(2):171-176
The intensity of rice false smut disease in selected states of northwest and south India was studied. In northern Indian states
as a whole, disease incidence (percentage of false smut-infected tillers) varied from 2% to 75%. In the state of Haryana,
maximum infection was recorded on hybrids like PA 6444 and PA 6129 while in Punjab state, 10–20% disease incidence was recorded
in popular inbred rice varieties like PR 114, PA 116 and PAU 201. In the southern state of Tamil Nadu, the disease incidence
varied from 5% to 85%. A heavy incidence of the disease was noticed in variety BPT 5204 and due to this, the air above the
infected field gave a black smoky appearance from a distance as a result of release of spore mass in the atmosphere. In severe
cases the number of infected grains reached even more than 100 per panicle. The pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens was isolated in potato dextrose agar medium and was characterized by both pathogenicity test and molecular analysis. Under
glasshouse conditions, when a conidial suspension of the pathogen was injected during boot leaf stage of the rice variety
TN1, typical smut balls were observed. The identity of the pathogen was further confirmed through polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) analysis using U. virens-specific internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers. The primer pair US 1-5/US3-3 and US2-5/US4-3 amplified 380 bp and 232
bp product, respectively, which are typical for the U. virens fungus. 相似文献
6.
Basvaraj C. Viraktamath Arremsetty S. Hariprasad Gouri S. Laha Mohammed I. Ahmed Podishetty Natarajkumar Mugalodi S. Ramesha Chirravuri N. Neeraja Sena M. Balachandran Nallathigal S. Rani Pippalla Balaji Suresh Kalidindi Sujatha Manish Pandey Gajjala Ashok Reddy Maganti S. Madhav Raman M. Sundaram 《Plant Breeding》2011,130(6):608-616
7.
Das M. Laha R. Devi P. Bordoloi R. K. Naskar S. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(5):1009-1011
Skin lesions were collected from 15 adult crossbred pigs maintained at the pig farm of ICAR Research Complex for the North-Eastern
Hill Region, Umiam, a hilly region of the state of Meghalaya, India. Skin scrapings of these 15 animals were examined by KOH
digestion method. Presence of mites were detected in five animals which were indistinguishable from Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis. Infected pigs were treated with a single dose of Ivermectin at 200 ug/kg body weight, subcutaneously. No mites were recovered
from treated pigs after a period of 10 days of post-treatment. The presence of S. scabiei var. suis in pigs from this part of the country has never been reported. This infestation has great significance because it affects
the growth rate and feed conversion significantly, specially to the grower and weaned pigs. It can be concluded that S. scabiei var. suis infestation is prevalent in hilly region of Meghalaya. The pig producers are generally unaware about the severity of the
problem of mite infestation, so precaution should be taken to prevent their valuable pigs from S. scabiei var. suis infestation. 相似文献
8.
C.S. Reddy G.S. Laha M.S. Prasad D. Krishnaveni N.P. Castilla A. Nelson S. Savary 《Field Crops Research》2011
Five groups of crop health syndromes, four production situations, and three patterns of germplasm deployment were identified and characterized from a data set consisting of information from 129 Indian districts, which were surveyed in 2005 as part of the Production-Oriented Surveys conducted by the Directorate of Rice Research of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. ANOVAs and MANOVAs indicated that these groupings from hierarchical cluster analyses correspond to clearly different levels of disease and animal pest injuries (crop health syndromes): of crop rotation, crop management, agricultural resources, and inputs (production situations); and of deployment of traditional, high yielding, or hybrid plant material (patterns of germplasm deployment). Correspondence analysis and discriminant analyses further indicated that crop health syndromes, and their change, are strongly associated with production situations, and patterns of germplasm deployment. A few specific hypotheses were tested, indicating that false smut is statistically associated with the involvement of hybrid rice in patterns of germplasm deployment. This highlights the need for research on the biology and the epidemiology of this disease in order to develop suitable management tools. Importantly, this work shows that national surveys, such as the Production-Oriented Surveys conducted by the Directorate of Rice Research, generate extremely valuable information to guide research and development through the characterization of production environments, contexts, and crop health responses, in times of unprecedented agricultural change. This work concurs with earlier results obtained at the field level, and thus opens important methodological questions regarding the up- and down-scaling of information between different scales (e.g., field, district). We propose that our ability to predict emerging diseases and crop health syndromes in the face of global and climate change will necessarily entail our ability to link different scales, where a range of different processes, biological and socio-economic, take place. 相似文献
9.
K. Hajira S. M. Sundaram R. S. Laha G. Yugander A. M. Balachandran S. C. Viraktamath B. Sujatha K. H. Balachiranjeevi C. Pranathi K. Anila M. Bhaskar S. Abhilash V. K. Mahadevaswamy H. Kousik M. Dilip Kumar T. Harika G. Rekha G. 《水稻科学》2016,23(3):144
In marker-assisted breeding for bacterial blight(BB) resistance in rice, three major resistance genes, viz., Xa21, xa13 and xa5, are routinely deployed either singly or in combinations. As efficient and functional markers are yet to be developed for xa13 and xa5, we have developed simple PCR-based functional markers for both the genes. For xa13, we designed a functional PCR-based marker, xa13-prom targeting the In Del polymorphism in the promoter of candidate gene Os8N3 located on chromosome 8 of rice. With respect to xa5, a multiplex-PCR based functional marker system, named xa5 FM, consisting of two sets of primer pairs targeting the 2-bp functional nucleotide polymorphism in the exon II of the gene TFIIA5(candidate for xa5), has been developed. Both xa13-prom and xa5 FM can differentiate the resistant and susceptible alleles for xa13 and xa5, respectively, in a co-dominant fashion. Using these two functional markers along with the already reported functional PCR-based marker for Xa21(p TA248), we designed a single-tube multiplex PCR based assay for simultaneous detection of all the three major resistance genes and demonstrated the utility of the multiplex marker system in a segregating population. 相似文献