Evaluation of functional muscle anatomy scalability in the canine hind limb     

Billy P. R. Dries  Ilse Jonkers  Wim Van Den Broeck  Benedicte Vanwanseele  Lieve DeRycke  Walter Dingemanse  Jos Vander Sloten  Henri Van Bree  Ingrid Gielen 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(3):637-644

In contrast to other mammals, the large variation in dog sizes is not accompanied by any significant genetic re-organization. In order to study the relationship between body mass, limb length and the functional anatomical muscle parameters of the canine hind limb, a large dataset comprising of muscle masses, optimal muscle fibre lengths and physiological cross-sectional area's (PCSA) were acquired for twenty-five muscles in ten dogs of sizes varying between 20 kg and 52 kg. The potential of body mass and limb length for reliably scaling individual muscle masses, optimal muscle fibre lengths and PCSA's were examined. For the majority of the muscles of the canine hind limb, neither body mass nor limb length were reliable scaling parameter for either muscle masses, PCSA's and optimal fibre length. These results indicate the need of a breed-specific approach to musculoskeletal modelling in future canine musculoskeletal research.  相似文献   

Difference in factors explaining growth rate variability in European eel subpopulations: the possible role of habitat carrying capacity          下载免费PDF全文

Clarisse Boulenger  Alain J. Crivelli  Fabien Charrier  Jean‐Marc Roussel  Eric Feunteun  Anthony Acou 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2016,25(2):281-294

As a key parameter in the management of fish populations, individual growth rate (GR) variations were examined in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla; > 150 mm) using extensive mark–recapture surveys in the lotic habitats of two small rivers of western France: the Frémur, supposed to be saturated, and at the same latitude, the Oir with densities fivefold lower than those of the Frémur. In both systems, generalised linear models were used to test whether spatiotemporal factors such as dominant habitat type or local density affect GR variability. In the presumed unsaturated system, the Oir, GR variability is mainly explained by a set of habitat suitability drivers (density, dominant habitat type). In the Frémur, GRs appear independent of differences in habitat density or productivity. Below saturation, an increase in density will decrease the GR through intraspecific competition. At saturation, intraspecific competition reaches such high levels that regardless of eel density and productivity, the resources available by individual are similar throughout the system. In these circumstances, the effect of density on growth was presumed undetectable. Despite these contrasted results, mean GRs observed in both catchments were closed (~20 mm·year^?1). This is an unexpected result as GR is expected to be higher in unsaturated systems. This similarity could be explained by the difference between the two systems in terms of: (i) sex ratio (the Frémur is dominated by male, whereas the female is dominant in the Oir), (ii) habitat type distribution or (iii) possible interspecific competition (important salmonid populations in the Oir).  相似文献   

Characterization of sumac (Rhus tripartitum) root barks tannin for a potential use in wood adhesives formulation     

S. Ben Mahmoud  H. Saad  B. Charrier  A. Pizzi  K. Rode  N. Ayed  F. Charrier-El Bouhtoury 《Wood Science and Technology》2015,49(1):205-221

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The effects of a middle-school healthy eating intervention on adolescents' fat and fruit intake and soft drinks consumption     

Haerens L  De Bourdeaudhuij I  Maes L  Vereecken C  Brug J  Deforche B 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(5):443-449

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Heredity of seventeen isozyme loci in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)     

F. Lefèvre  A. Charrier 《Euphytica》1992,66(3):171-178

Summary Starch gel electrophoresis was used to assess isozyme polymorphism in two Manihot species. Crude extracts were obtained from leaves and pollen. Ten enzymes were examined for their polymorphism in a germplasm collection of 365 cultivated plus 109 wild accessions, mainly from Africa. The inheritance of these enzymes was examined using 13 intra and interspecific progenies. Seventeen polymorphic loci were found for the ten enzyme systems, with 59 alleles. All the markers showed disomic heredity and three linkage groups were identified.  相似文献   

Use of random amplified DNA markers to analyse genetic variability and relationships of Coffea species     

P. Lashermes  J. Cros  P. Marmey  A. Charrier 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1993,40(2):91-99

Summary The use of random amplified DNA fragments as genetic markers in Coffea was investigated. Arbitrary oligonucleotides were used as primers to amplify genomic DNA of different coffee accessions representing major Coffea species by polymerase chain reaction. Intraspecific variation was easily detected in C. canephora and C. liberica whereas the primers assayed failed to reveal polymorphism between C. arabica accessions. Extensive interspecific variation was observed. Genetic relationships between Coffea species are deduced from the degrees of similarity in amplified product profiles. Random amplified DNA markers appeared to be of high value for characterization, analysis and utilization of coffee genetic resources.  相似文献   

Lipolysis during ripening of Emmental cheese considering organization of fat and preferential localization of bacteria     

Lopez C  Maillard MB  Briard-Bion V  Camier B  Hannon JA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(16):5855-5867

This study followed the progression of lipolysis in Emmental cheese by quantifying the concentrations of individual free fatty acids (FFA) released during ripening in each of the different rooms: 12 days at 12 degrees C, 28 days at 21 degrees C, and 8 days at 4 degrees C. Lipolysis, which corresponded to 1.56% of fat, mainly occurred in the 21 and 4 degrees C rooms, with 68 and 16.5% of total FFA, respectively. The nonselectivity of lipolytic enzymes was evidenced: all fatty acids were released with level of > or =1%. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments showed that the thermal properties of cheese were affected by (i) lipolysis of fat, that is, the monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, and FFA that may be localized at the fat/whey interface, and/or by (ii) hydrolysis of high-melting-point triacylglycerols constituted mainly by long-chain saturated fatty acids (e.g., palmitic acid). Analysis of the cheese microstructure was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Fat globules were mainly disrupted after pressing of curd grains, leading to the release of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM); fat inclusions were surrounded by pockets of whey, delimited by casein strands. Moreover, colonies of bacteria were preferentially localized in situ at the fat/protein interface. This study showed that both the localization of bacteria and the supramolecular organization of fat which was not protected by the MFGM can help the accessibility of milk fat to lipolytic enzymes and then contribute to the quality of cheese.  相似文献   

Pig producer attitude towards surgical castration of piglets without anaesthesia versus alternative strategies     

Tuyttens FA  Vanhonacker F  Verhille B  De Brabander D  Verbeke W 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(3):524-530

A group of 160 Flemish pig farmers (n=160) were surveyed about their attitude towards surgical castration with anaesthesia (SCA) and without (SCN), immunocastration (IC), sperm sexing (SS) and the production of entire males (EM). The farmers' general preference was recorded as SCN>SS>SCA=IC>EM. The farmers' self-reported knowledge of the strategies was associated with their preference for SCA (negatively) and SS (positively). Herd size was correlated with farmers' preference for SCA (negatively) and SS (positively). Farmers perceived surgical castration without anaesthesia as the most favourable strategy in terms of farm profitability, animal performance and effectiveness against boar taint, but they expected the lowest consumer acceptance for this strategy. Surgical castration with anaesthesia was ranked the least favourable in terms of labour conditions. Production of entire males was viewed as the least profitable and the least effective strategy. Sperm sexing was positively perceived, particularly in terms of labour conditions, animal welfare, effectiveness and expected consumer acceptance. The farmers' opinion was quite homogeneous, especially regarding surgical castration without anaesthesia and production of entire males. Increasing our understanding of the farmers' perceptions will hopefully facilitate communication about this intricate issue.  相似文献   

Drought and frost resistance of trees: a comparison of four species at different sites and altitudes     

Katline Charra-Vaskou  Guillaume Charrier  Rémi Wortemann  Barbara Beikircher  Hervé Cochard  Thierry Ameglio  Stefan Mayr 《Annals of Forest Science》2012,69(3):325-333

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Drought and frost resistances are key factors for the survival and distribution of tree species.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal analysis of coffee wilt disease caused by Fusarium xylarioides in Coffea canephora     

C. P. Musoli  F. Pinard  A. Charrier  A. Kangire  G. M. ten Hoopen  C. Kabole  J. Ogwang  D. Bieysse  C. Cilas 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(4):451-460

Coffee wilt disease (CWD) caused by Fusarium xylarioides, considered to be a soil-inhabiting fungus, is endemic in several African countries, affecting commercially important coffee species and causing serious economic losses. Coffee wilt disease development in naturally infected Coffea canephora fields at the Coffee Research Institute in Uganda was assessed from April 2001 to March 2006 to generate information about temporal and spatial spread of the disease. Maps of diseased trees were also generated from the data. Semi-variance analysis was performed on the data to show the spatio-temporal structure of disease. Host influence on the spatio-temporal structure was deduced from the distribution pattern of diseased and healthy trees and analysis of variance. Results show that the temporal disease epidemic progress was slow. The disease was found to spread from initial infections to healthy neighbouring trees, resulting in an aggregated pattern. An infected tree could infect up to three healthy trees away, in any direction. Disease foci formed and expanded with time, coalescing but punctuated in spots planted with resistant hosts. There were varying levels of susceptibility among host genotypes, affecting the rates and levels of epidemic development. The implications of the findings to the control of CWD are discussed.  相似文献