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1.
Saicum Pintasen Chanakan Prom-u-thai Sansanee Jamjod Narit Yimyam Benjavan Rerkasem 《Euphytica》2007,157(1-2):27-34
Crown rust caused by Puccinia coronata Cda. f. sp. avenae Eriks., is a major fungal disease of cultivated oats (Avena sativa L.) in Tunisia. Six landrace oats (MtK2, JT5, BJ35, GT1, ZN3 and JT0) locally collected and previously screened for their relative oat crown rust resistance were used in this experiment. These
accessions were evaluated during a two cropping season in field plots under heavy natural oat crown rust infection. Assessment
criteria to crown rust reactions were AUDPC, latent period, uredinia size and number of uredinia per cm2 of infected leaf area. Principal components analysis showed that the variables were grouped in two components. These two
principal components explained 83.56% of the total variance. The projection of the point-cloud representing the populations
on the plan formed by the principal components ‘Fact 1’ (63.83%), in abscissa, and ‘Fact 2’ (19.73%) in ordinate, permitted
to distribute the accessions in several groups. Three landrace oats (MtK2, JT5, and JT0) showed the lowest value of all the components used. These landrace oats might be good sources of effective and durable resistance
to crown rust. 相似文献
2.
C. Prom‐u‐thai L. Huang B. Rerkasem G. Thomson J. Kuo M. Saunders B. Dell 《Cereal Chemistry》2008,85(2):257-265
The present study aims to understand whether genotypic differences in grain iron (Fe) concentration in four rice genotypes are related to its association with protein bodies containing phytate‐rich inclusions. Rice genotypes with high and low grain Fe concentrations in unpolished brown rice were grown in a greenhouse at Chiang Mai, Thailand, and grains were harvested at maturity. The presence of protein bodies and phytate‐rich inclusions in rice grain tissues were examined by means of light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The composition of mineral elements in different grain tissues was examined using energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX) and chemical analysis. The relative distribution pattern of protein bodies in the tissues was similar among the four rice genotypes, which resembled the pattern of grain N concentrations in these tissues. The high grain Fe genotypes (based on brown rice Fe concentration) had more protein bodies containing phytate‐rich inclusions in the embryo and aleurone layer tissues than the low Fe genotypes. Phytate‐rich inclusions were not detected in the endosperm tissues in all genotypes. In conclusion, the presence of protein bodies with phytate‐rich inclusions predominantly in the embryo and aleurone regions of the grain is an important parameter contributing to the variation in brown rice Fe concentration among the genotypes, but not in the white rice (the endosperm). Iron associated with the phytate‐rich inclusions present in the embryo and aleurone layer tissues are largely lost during the polishing process to produce white rice. 相似文献
3.
Panomwan Boonchuay Ismail Cakmak Benjavan Rerkasem 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):180-188
This study evaluated how zinc (Zn) concentration of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed may be increased and subsequent seedling growth improved by foliar Zn application. Eight foliar Zn treatments of 0.5% zinc sulfate (ZnSO4?·?7H2O) were applied to the rice plant at different growth stages. The resulting seeds were germinated to evaluate effects of seed Zn on seedling growth. Foliar Zn increased paddy Zn concentration only when applied after flowering, with larger increases when applications were repeated. The largest increases of up to ten-fold were in the husk, and smaller increases in brown rice Zn. In the first few days of germination, seedlings from seeds with 42 to 67?mg Zn?kg?1 had longer roots and coleoptiles than those from seeds with 18?mg Zn?kg?1, but this effect disappeared later. The benefit of high seed Zn in seedling growth is also indicated by a positive correlation between Zn concentration in germinating seeds and the combined roots and shoot dry weight (r?=?0.55, p?相似文献
4.
The present study evaluated effects of seed zinc (Zn) priming at concentrations from 0 to 25 mM ZnSO4 on seedling vigor and viability in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Zinc priming substantially increased Zn concentration in the husk, but not in brown rice. The movement of primed Zn from the husk into the inner layers of rice seed during germination was suggested by Zn concentration declining in the husk coinciding with the increase in brown rice over time (r = –0.62; p < 1%), which did not happen in unprimed seed. Zinc priming significantly enhanced seedling growth and development up to 5 mM. Germination rate, root number, and dry weight were much higher than in unprimed seed, but higher Zn concentrations (10 and 25 mM) depressed seedling vigor. Priming rice seed with 2.5 mM Zn also improved the germination rate of rice in a Zn‐deficient soil, with or without soil Zn application. The results confirm that priming rice seed with Zn can improve germination and seedling vigor and for the first time show how Zn requirement of germinating rice seed and seedlings can be met by the prime Zn accumulated in the husk. 相似文献
5.
The genetic control of boron (B) efficiencyin wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) wasstudied for three genotypes representing Binefficient (I, Bonza), moderately Binefficient (MI, SW 41) and B efficient (E,Fang 60) categories. Boron efficiency wasexpressed as a partially dominant characterbut the phenotypes of F1 hybrids,relative to parents, indicated geneticcontrol varying from recessive to additiveto completely dominant with different crosscombinations and B levels. Major geneswere identified from the evaluation ofF2-derived F3 populations derivedfrom intercrosses between the threeparents. Monogenic segregation was foundin Bonza × SW 41 and SW 41 × Fang 60crosses and digenic segregation resultedin Bonza × Fang 60. Among thethree wheat genotypes with widely differentB efficiency, genetic variation forresponse to B could be accounted for by twogenes, Bo
d
1 and Bo
d
2. 相似文献
6.
Abdul Rashid Hari Ram Chun-Qin Zou Benjavan Rerkasem Aildson P. Duarte Simunji Simunji Atilla Yazici Shiwei Guo Muhammad Rizwan Rajinder S. Bal Zhaohui Wang Sudeep S. Malik Nattinee Phattarakul Rogerio Soares de Freitas Obed Lungu Vera L. N. P. Barros Ismail Cakmak 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(5):791-804
Seeds enriched with zinc (Zn) are ususally associated with better germination, more vigorous seedlings and higher yields. However, agronomic benefits of high‐Zn seeds were not studied under diverse agro‐climatic field conditions. This study investigated effects of low‐Zn and high‐Zn seeds (biofortified by foliar Zn fertilization of maternal plants under field conditions) of wheat (Tritcum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on seedling density, grain yield and grain Zn concentration in 31 field locations over two years in six countries. Experimental treatments were: (1) low‐Zn seeds and no soil Zn fertilization (control treatment), (2) low‐Zn seeds + soil Zn fertilization, and (3) Zn‐biofortified seeds and no soil Zn fertilization. The wheat experiments were established in China, India, Pakistan, and Zambia, the rice experiments in China, India and Thailand, and the common bean experiment in Brazil. When compared to the control treatment, soil Zn fertilization increased wheat grain yield in all six locations in India, two locations in Pakistan and one location in China. Zinc‐biofortified seeds also increased wheat grain yield in all four locations in Pakistan and four locations in India compared to the control treatment. Across all countries over 2 years, Zn‐biofortified wheat seeds increased plant population by 26.8% and grain yield by 5.37%. In rice, soil Zn fertilization increased paddy yield in all four locations in India and one location in Thailand. Across all countries, paddy yield increase was 8.2% by soil Zn fertilization and 5.3% by Zn‐biofortified seeds when compared to the control treatment. In common bean, soil Zn application as well as Zn‐biofortified seed increased grain yield in one location in Brazil. Effects of soil Zn fertilization and high‐Zn seed on grain Zn density were generally low. This study, at 31 field locations in six countries over two years, revealed that the seeds biofortfied with Zn enhanced crop productivity at many locations with different soil and environmental conditions. As high‐Zn grains are a by‐product of Zn biofortification, use of Zn‐enriched grains as seed in the next cropping season can contribute to enhance crop productivity in a cost‐effective manner. 相似文献
7.
Somchit Youpensuk Saisamorm Lumyong Bernie Dell Benjavan Rerkasem 《Agroforestry Systems》2004,60(3):239-246
A fallow enriching tree, Macaranga denticulata Muell. Arg., has been shown to increase rice yield in a rotational shifting cultivation system in northern Thailand through
increased accumulation of mineral nutrients. As arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may play an important role in nutrient accumulation,
AM fungi in the rhizosphere of M. denticulata and the effects of the indigenous soil inoculum on the host plant were investigated. The diversity and abundance of AM fungi
were documented for the rhizosphere of M. denticulata in the field for two years. Based on morphology, 29 species of AM fungi were found in the rhizosphere of M. denticulata growing in farmers’ fields. Root colonization ranged from 63.5 to 81.5% in the first year and 68.7 to 79.9% in the second
year of study. The highest spore density was observed at the end of the wet season. The effects of indigenous soil inoculum,
and N and P fertilizers on the host plant were investigated in pots for four months. Inoculation with soil-containing AM fungi
strongly increased plant growth and nutrient contents when P was limiting but N was applied. Application of N and P together
strongly depressed root colonization and spore density of AM fungi, whereas applying them separately had much less effect.
AM fungi may play an important role in nutrient accumulation in M. denticulata-rich fallow and thus in nutrient cycling that is beneficial to the maintenance of upland rice yield and sustainability of
the rotational shifting cultivation system.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Shifting cultivators in Thailand widely attribute the maintainance of crop productivity to pada (Macaranga denticulata (Bl.) Muell. Arg.), rotation cycles having become much shorter than the customary 10–20 years. This paper examines the use of pada in a 7-year rotation on an acid soil with low available soil P (2–4 mg kg–1 by Bray II). Dense pada patches in 7-year-old fallow averaged 43 tons ha–1 of above ground biomass, 20% more than sparse patches. The biomass in dense pada contained disproportionately more P, K, Ca and Mg (34%, 92%, 80% and 107% more, respectively) than in sparse pada patches. Slashing and burning 7-year-old fallow with dense pada produced a subsequent rice yield that was three time that with sparse pada. Rice grown after dense pada had been slashed and burned after three years yielded less than one third of that after a full 7-year rotation. It is, as yet, unclear how rice yield in dense pada patches is enhanced in the full 7-year rotation. Nutrient concentrations in the mature rice were generally either the same or higher in the sparse than dense pada patches. In dense pada patches rice accumulated twice to four times as much nutrients as in sparse pada patches, and a much larger fraction of the nutrients was stored in the fallow. Uptake of nutrients in the sparse pada patches may have been limited by some factor that either governs availability of the nutrients released by burning or depressing rice growth and so its nutrient demand.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
10.
Vua Xiongsiyee Benjavan Rerkasem Jeeraporn Veeradittakit Chorpet Saenchai Sittichai Lordkaew Chanakan Thebault Prom-u-thai 《水稻科学》2018,25(2):94-102
Luang Prabang Province is located within the area recognized as the center of rice(Oryza sativa L.) diversity in Lao PDR. This study reported on grain quality characteristics of 60 upland rice seed samples sharing 49 variety names collected from 6 villages in Luang Prabang in 2015. Most of the samples has non-pigmented pericarp, while red pericarp was found in four samples and purple in five samples. Almost all of the samples were of large grain type, with glutinous endosperm in 70% and non-glutinous endosperm in 30%. The brown(unpolished) rice was found with a wide range of grain nutritional quality, including protein(9.2% ± 0.9%), Fe(15.9 ± 6.9 mg/kg), Zn(19.6 ± 2.1 mg/kg), anthocyanin(0.774 ± 0.880 mg/g), and anti-oxidative capacity(2.071 ± 1.373 mg/g). The varieties sharing similar names had similar morphological characteristics but varied in nutritional concentration, with required confirmation in genetic variation analysis. This study found that some rice varieties with high grain quality may benefit the farmers directly or could be used in varietal improvement programs. 相似文献