Piquerol a and diacetyl piquerol act as energy transfer inhibitors of photosynthesis     

Jos Luis Mendoza  Manuel Jimnez  Blas Lotina-Hennsen 《Pest management science》1994,40(1):37-40

ATP synthesis and phosphorylating (coupled) electron flow of freshly lysed pea chloroplasts were inhibited by piquerol A and diacetyl piquerol, the latter being more active. H + -uptake, basal and uncoupled electron transport were not affected by either compound, indicating that they act as inhibitors of photophosphorylation at the H + -ATPase complex.  相似文献   

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in a rabbit doe (Oryctolagus cuniculus).     

B Peris  V García  E Blas  P Segura  J Martínez  J M Corpa 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2005,17(3):256-258

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is an infrequent condition of animals characterized by the existence of numerous thin-walled, gas-filled cystic structures within the intestinal wall and adjacent lymph nodes. Microscopically, the cystic structures appear to be dilated lymphatics located in the lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis, subserosa, mesentery, and mesenteric lymph nodes. This report describes a case of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in a rabbit doe from an organic farm where 20 rabbit does were fed ad libitum with a natural diet consisting of whole barley, pea beans, alfalfa hay, and a pelleted vitamin-mineral blend. A combination of nutritional, bacterial, and other factors are hypothesized as possible predisposing factors in the development of PCI.  相似文献   

Uncoupling and inhibition properties of 3,4-seco-friedelan-3-oic acid isolated from Maytenus imbricata     

Silvia Ribeiro de Souza e Silva  Luiz Claúdio de Almeida Barbosa  Beatriz King-Diaz  Blas Lotina-Hennsen 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,87(2):109-114

3,4-Seco-friedelan-3-oic acid was isolated from Maytenus imbricata (Celastraceae). At low concentrations it inhibited non-cyclic electron transport and ATP synthesis in spinach chloroplasts, i.e., it behaved as a Hill reaction inhibitor, and at high concentrations it acts as an uncoupler by enhancing uncoupled electron transport and Mg²⁺-ATPase activity. 3,4-Seco-friedelan-3-oic acid did not inhibit PSII electron transport from DPC to DCPIP_ox and photosystem I activity, but it enhanced from TMQH₂ to MV, corroborating its action as uncoupler. It inhibits electron flow through PSII from water to sodium silicomolybdate. The whole results indicate that the 3,4-seco-friedelan-3-oic acid target is at the OEC complex enzyme, the donor side of PSII. The fluorescence decay data shows the formation of the K-band, which match this result, acting as inhibitor at the donor side of PSII and it as an uncoupler.  相似文献   

‘I never knew they existed’: The invisible Haitian migrant worker     

Tito Craige 《Agriculture and Human Values》1985,2(3):71-75

  相似文献   

Bird-mediated effects of pest control services on crop productivity: a global synthesis     

D&#;az-Siefer  Pablo  Olmos-Moya  Natalia  Font&#;rbel  Francisco E.  Lavandero  Blas  Pozo  Roc&#;o A.  Celis-Diez  Juan L. 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(2):567-576

Journal of Pest Science - Birds provide important ecosystem services in many ecosystems, including important pest control effects on productive systems. The typically low bird diversity observed in...  相似文献   

Fermented earthworms as a feed additive enhances non-specific immune response in catfish (Clarias gariepinus)     

Nugraha  Tito Aria  Isnansetyo  Alim  Triyanto  Djalil  Mukhlisna 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(1):211-226

Catfish which is an important component of global freshwater aquaculture production is also prone to a wide range of diseases resulting in economic losses. Improvement of the immune status of catfish is a promising preventive approach to control disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermented earthworms as a feed additive on the non-specific immune response of walking catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Earthworms were fermented by inoculation with a bacterial mixture of Bacillus spp. and Lactococcus raffinolactis. The study featured a completely randomized design, with five treatments in quadruplicate. The various treatments consisted of fermented earthworms supplemented (FE) at at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% (w/w). Catfish with an average weight of 15 g were stocked at a density of 50 fish per 50 L/tank, reared for 2 months, and fed thrice a day at a feeding rate of 3% of total boby weight. The parameters observed included phagocytic activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), extracellular respiratory burst, leucocyte differentiation, super oxide dismutase (SOD), natural agglutination, leucocrit, and hematocrit. Results showed that that FE supplemented at 2.5% significantly increased the respiratory burst activity, hematocrit, PA, PI, SOD, and leucocyte differentiation (P?<?0.05) but did not affect natural agglutination. The results collectively suggest that FE as a feed additive is an effective and applicable strategy to improve the non-specific immunity of catfish.

  相似文献   

Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with inhibitory activity against Lactococcus garvieae     

Pérez-Sánchez T  Balcázar JL  García Y  Halaihel N  Vendrell D  de Blas I  Merrifield DL  Ruiz-Zarzuela I 《Journal of fish diseases》2011,34(7):499-507

A study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic properties of endogenous rainbow trout microbiota against pathogenic Lactococcus garvieae. A total of 335 bacterial strains were isolated from rainbow trout and screened for antagonistic activity against L. garvieae using an agar spot assay. Antagonistic strains were grouped by PCR amplification of repetitive bacterial DNA elements (rep‐PCR) and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results revealed that the antagonistic strains belonged to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc. Further probiotic characteristics, such as specific growth rate, doubling time, resistance to biological barriers, antibiotic resistance, hydrophobicity and production of antimicrobial substances, were also studied. These strains were able to survive low pH and high bile concentrations, showed good adherence characteristics and a broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance. The antagonistic efficacy was maintained after sterile filtration and was sensitive to proteinase K, indicating that proteinaceous extracellular inhibitory compounds were at least partially responsible for pathogen antagonism. Based on these results, these strains should be further studied to explore their probiotic effects in challenge experiments in vivo. This study shows clear evidence that the indigenous trout‐associated microbiota may provide a defensive barrier against L. garvieae.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid and high-oleic sunflower oil on performance and egg quality in laying hens     

Alvarez C  García-Rebollar P  Cachaldora P  Méndez J  de Blas JC 《British poultry science》2005,46(1):80-86

(1) Laying hen performance, yolk fatty acid (FA) concentrations, sensory quality and firmness of eggs were evaluated with respect to the inclusion in the diet of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and high-oleic acid sunflower oil (HOSO). (2) Nine diets were arranged factorially, with three concentrations of CIA (0, 1 and 2 g/kg) and HOSO (10, 20 and 30 g/kg). (3) Type of diet did not affect egg production traits. (4) Dietary addition of CLA decreased yolk lipid content and yolk lipid concentrations of monounsaturated FA, C(20:4 n-6) and C(22:6 n-3), but increased those of CLA and saturated FA. (5) Dietary addition of HOSO increased monounsaturated FA concentrations in the yolk lipid but decreased those of CLA and saturated FA. (6) CLA supplementation increased yolk moisture and firmness and impaired the sensory quality of eggs. (7) An interaction between CLA and HOSO addition was found as effects of CLA addition on yolk lipid CLA concentrations and egg quality traits were smaller when the amount of HOSO in the diet increased. (8) Regression equations have been calculated in order to predict yolk CLA and C(18:1), concentration from dietary composition, and yolk firmness from yolk FA composition.  相似文献   

The role of rain in dispersal of the primary inoculum of Plasmopara viticola     

Rossi V  Caffi T 《Phytopathology》2012,102(2):158-165

Although primary infection of grapevines by Plasmopara viticola requires splash dispersal of inoculum from soil to leaves, little is known about the role of rain in primary inoculum dispersal. Distribution of rain splashes from soil to grapevine canopy was evaluated over 20 rain periods (0.2 to 64.2 mm of rain) with splash samplers placed within the canopy. Samplers at 40, 80, and 140 cm above the soil caught 4.4, 0.03, and 0.003 drops/cm(2) of sampler area, respectively. Drops caught at 40 and 80 cm (1.5 cm in diameter) were larger than drops at 140 cm (1.3 cm). Leaf coverage by splashed drops, total drop number, and drop size increased with an increase in the maximum intensity of rain (mm/h) during any rain period. Any rainfall led to infection in potted grapevines placed outside on leaf litter containing oospores, if the litter contained germinated oospores at the time of rain; infection severity was unrelated to rain amount or intensity. Results from vineyards also indicate that any rain can carry P. viticola inoculum from soil to leaves and should be considered a splash event in disease prediction systems. Sampling for early disease detection should focus on the lower canopy, where the probability of splash impact is greatest.  相似文献   

Accumulation and depletion kinetics of erythromycin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Vendrell D  Serarols L  Balcázar JL  de Blas I  Gironés O  Múzquiz JL  Ruiz-Zarzuela I 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,105(1-2):160-163

Erythromycin is an antimicrobial agent recommended for the control and treatment of diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria. Few studies, however, have determined the metabolic and pharmacokinetic aspects of this antimicrobial agent in fish. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to determine the accumulation and depletion time of erythromycin after administration of medicated feed containing 52 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) for 8 days in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Results were analyzed following the European Agency for Evaluation of Medicinal Products guidelines. We measured a withdrawal time of 187°C-day (°C-day=water temperature×days), lower than the value (500°C-day) recommended by Council Directive 2004/28/EC for veterinary medicinal products. Our results provide data to establish therapeutic regimens for the use of erythromycin in aquaculture.  相似文献