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1.
Brajesh C. Varshney N.M. Ponnanna Pranati A. Sarkar Pragna Rehman Jigar H. Shah 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2007,8(1):57-64
Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains were collected from young diarrheic calves in farms and field. Strains that expressed the K99 (F5) antigen were identified by agglutination tests using reference antibodies to K99 antigen and electron microscopy. The K99 antigen from a selected field strain (SAR-14) was heat-extracted and fractionated on a Sepharose CL-4B column. Further purification was carried out by sodium deoxycholate treatment and/or ion-exchange chromatography. Monoclonal antibodies to purified K99 antigen were produced by the hybridoma technique, and a specific clone, NEK99-5.6.12, was selected for propagation in tissue culture. The antibodies, thus obtained, were affinity-purified, characterized and coated onto Giemsa-stained Cowan-I strain of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The antibody-coated S. aureus were used in a co-agglutination test to detect K99+ E. coli isolated from feces of diarrheic calves. The specificity of the test was validated against reference monoclonal antibodies used in co-agglutination tests, as well as in ELISA. Specificity of the monoclonal antibodies was also tested against various Gram negative bacteria. The developed antibodies specifically detected purified K99 antigen in immunoblots, as well as K99+ E. coli in ELISA and co-agglutination tests. The co-agglutination test was specific and convenient for large-scale screening of K99+ E. coli isolates. 相似文献
2.
Rates of degradation of seven organophosphate nematicides and insecticides were examined in two soils known to show accelerated biodegradation of fenamiphos and one soil known to show accelerated biodegradation of chlorpyrifos. The results indicated that several organophosphate insecticides and one nematicide were susceptible to cross-enhanced degradation in the soil showing accelerated biodegradation of chlorpyrifos. No cross-enhancement was observed in the two soils showing accelerated degradation of fenamiphos. Fumigation resulted in the complete inhibition of pesticide degradation in all soils. The data suggested that the cross-enhancement of selected pesticides in chlorpyrifos-degrading soil was dependent on the structural similarity of the compounds. Mechanisms of degradation of pesticide in soil support this hypothesis, where structurally similar compounds (diazinon, parathion, coumaphos and isazofos) were hydrolysed by microbial activity in chlorpyrifos-degrading soil but the degradation products were accumulated. Enhanced degradation of chlorpyrifos and fenamiphos was found to be stable in the laboratory condition for a period of one year. 相似文献
3.
An Erratum for this article has been published in Pest Management Science 56(5) 493 (2000). The degradation of the insecticide lindane (γ‐hexachlorocyclohexane, γ‐HCH) by two white‐rot fungi, Cyathus bulleri and Phanerochaete sordida, was studied. C bulleri degraded lindane more efficiently than P sordida. Two degradative intermediates identified in P sordida culture were tetrachlorocyclohexene and tetrachlorocyclohexanol. However, tetrachlorocyclohexanol was the sole degradation product detected in cultures of C bulleri. The presence of lindane only inside the mycelial cells of both fungi eliminated any role of intracellular enzymes during initial steps of its degradation. The insecticide at 0.27 µM showed no adverse effect on fungal growth. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
4.
Indigenous non-refrigerated methods like heaps and pits are used in India for short-term storage of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to avoid distress sale. Storing untreated potatoes generally results in high losses from sprouting, moisture loss and
rotting. To reduce storage losses by inhibition of sprouting and to determine the suitability of stored potatoes for processing
into crisps, a single spray application of a commercial formulation of 3-chlorophenyl carbamate (CIPC or chlorpropham) 50%
a.i., (Oorja, United Phosphorus Limited, Mumbai, India) of CIPC (or chlorpropham) was tested on potatoes during storage from
March to June under two traditional storage methods [heap (17–33 °C, 58–92% relative humidity (RH)) and pit (17–27 °C, 72–95%
RH)] in 2 years [2005 up to 90 days of storage (DOS) and 2006 up to 105 DOS], using four cultivars and two rates of CIPC application
(20 and 30 mg a.i. kg−1 tubers). The two rates of application were comparably effective in reducing weight losses, sprouting and sprout growth in
stored tubers, and the effect was more pronounced in pit storage than in heap storage. By contrast to untreated tubers, CIPC-treated
potatoes remained turgid under the two storage methods and fetched market prices comparable to those for cold-stored (2–4
°C) potatoes after 105 days of storage. Reducing sugar concentrations in treated potatoes decreased during storage especially
in 2006 when the initial reducing sugar concentration was higher than in 2005. Crisp colour improved only in 2005 after 90
DOS, but it deteriorated in 2006 during storage up to 105 DOS. Sucrose concentration increased tremendously during storage
in 2 years. Only one cultivar (Kufri Chipsona-1) with low initial reducing sugar concentration and less sucrose accumulation
during storage could produce acceptable colour crisps after storage in both years. The remaining three cultivars—with high
initial reducing sugar concentration—were suitable for processing after storage in heap and pit in 2005, but not in 2006.
Stored potatoes were safe for human consumption as the CIPC residue concentrations were far below the permissible level of
10 mg kg−1 as prescribed by the European Union. Single spray application of CIPC (20 mg kg−1 treatment) can effectively reduce storage losses in potatoes stored in traditional non-refrigerated methods of heap and pit
and extend the storage life by 90 to 105 days. 相似文献
5.
Residue concentrations of the sprout suppressant chlorpropham (or CIPC) were determined in raw and cooked potatoes and processed
potato products, 48 h after CIPC aerosol treatment and after 30 days of subsequent storage at 4 or 12 °C. In the raw (uncooked)
tuber, 48 h after CIPC treatment, the CIPC residue in the peel was 4.7 mg kg-1, while in the peeled tuber it was 0.1 mg kg-1. Boiling resulted in a decrease in residue concentration in the peel, but no significant differences in the residue concentration
of the peeled tuber were observed. Pressure cooking resulted in a significantly increased residue concentration in the peel,
but no significant change in the peeled tuber, whereas microwave cooking also did not increase the residue concentration in
the peel significantly compared with that in raw tubers. Also the trend towards increases in residue concentration in microwave-cooked
peeled tubers was not significant. The CIPC residue concentration detected in peeled tubers was 0.4–0.7 mg kg-1 after boiling, 0.4–1.5 mg kg-1 after pressure cooking and 0.4–3.8 mg kg-1 after microwave cooking. The highest values were always found for tubers stored for 30 days at 4 °C. Processed products such
as crisps, French fries, dehydrated sliced potatoes and starch contained different concentrations of CIPC residue, which was
also detected in the cooking water and frying oil. The highest residue concentrations detected were 0.7, 4.7, 1.3 and 0.2 mg
kg-1 in crisps, French fries, dehydrated sliced potatoes and starch, respectively. The highest CIPC residue concentration observed
in raw potatoes was much lower than the maximum residue level of 10 mg kg-1 prescribed by the European Union. 相似文献
6.
Pinky Raigond Baswaraj Raigond Tarvinder Kochhar Ankita Sood Brajesh Singh 《Potato Research》2018,61(4):341-351
The present study aimed to convert starch and potato peel waste to nanocrystals. Starch nanocrystals were prepared using two methodologies: direct acid hydrolysis and enzyme pretreatment followed by acid hydrolysis. Direct hydrolysis broke down the starch granules to nanocrystals in 12 days. Enzyme pretreatment with starch hydrolytic enzymes (α-amylase and amyloglucosidase) reduced the time for preparation of starch nanocrystals by 6 days. Starch nanocrystals of optimum size were obtained with both the treatments and the resultant size ranged from 10 to 50 nm. Nanocrystals were disk-like platelets in appearance. Cellulose nanocrystals were derived from cellulosic material in the potato peel. Cellulose was isolated from peel waste with alkali treatment. Further, cellulose nanocrystals from potato peel and cellulose microcrystalline were prepared by acid hydrolysis. Microscopic images revealed that the aqueous suspension of cellulose nanocrystals derived from potato peel were single rod shaped, whereas those derived from cellulose microcrystalline were rod-like nanoparticles, agglomerated in the form of bundles including some of the rods in single units (well separated). The size of potato peel nanocrystals ranged from 40 to 100 nm (length) and cellulose microcrystalline ranged from 4 to 20 nm (diameter) by 110 to 250, given 4 to 20 nm (length), respectively. As starch nanocrystals as well as cellulose nanocrystals are derived from biopolymer, both can be considered safe for humans and the environment. Moreover, the biodegradable nature of these nanocrystals makes them superior over metallic nanoparticles, particularly in the field of nanocomposites. 相似文献
7.
Characterization of a cinnamoyl derivative from broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) florets
Nazneen Shaik Survay Brajesh Kumar Chandrama Prakash Upadhyaya EunYoung Ko ChoongHwan Lee Jung Nam Choi Do-Young Yoon Yi-Sook Jung Se Won Park 《Fitoterapia》2010,81(8):1062-1066
A new intact glucosinolate Cinnamoyl derivative [6'-O-trans-(4″- hydroxy cinnamoyl)-4-(methylsulphinyl) butyl glucosinolate] (A) has been isolated from Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) florets. The compound was isolated and characterized by LC, MS-ESI, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR as well as 1H-1H COSY, DEPT 135° spectrometric experiments. 相似文献
8.
Since no attempt has been made so far in India to determine isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate (CIPC) residues in potatoes,
it became necessary to determine its residues in potatoes which are being used for table and processing purposes. Using high-performance
liquid chromatography, CIPC residues were determined in peels, peeled tubers and unpeeled tubers periodically during storage
at 10–12 °C in commercial cold stores. The highest concentration of CIPC found in potato peels was 20.17 mg/kg fresh wt, whereas
in unpeeled and peeled tubers the residue levels were very low ranging from 0.29 to 1.13 and 0.05 to 0.24 mg/kg, respectively.
However, all residue levels observed were within the maximum residue level prescribed by the US Environmental Protection Agency.
The experiments done to determine the dispersal and concentration of CIPC applied as an aerosol fog with respect to location
and time showed that the distribution of CIPC within the cold store was uneven leading to large variations in residue levels
in samples drawn from different parts of the store. 相似文献
9.
Constantina Rousidou Kalliope Papadopoulou Georgios Zervakis Brajesh Kumar Singh Constantinos Ehaliotis Dimitrios Georgios Karpouzas 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2010,46(1):34-40
Repeated application of diluted olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a common disposal method which allows the application of large amounts of OMW and improves the organic matter and nutrient status of Mediterranean soils. However, there is lack of information regarding the effects of this practice on the soil microbial community. A study was carried out to investigate these effects on the structure of the bacterial and fungal community of a loamy sand (LS) and a sandy loam (SL) soil, using denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting. OMW was daily applied as aqueous solutions of 0, 2 and 4%, in the presence or absence of nitrogen fertilization, for a three-month period. Multivariate analysis of the DGGE profiles showed that OMW applications resulted in marked changes in the fungal community in both soils, while nitrogen fertilization diminished these effects. Small effects were evident for the bacteria only in the LS soil and this was attributed to the higher availability of OMW-derived phenolics in this soil which resulted in a direct impact on bacteria. Nitrogen fertilization alleviated the effects of OMW on the bacterial community. We suggest that the impact of OMW on the structure of the soil microbial communities was mostly a result of its indirect effect on the soil nutritional status, which becomes enriched in organic substrates and poor in available nitrogen. 相似文献
10.
The potential of potato flour as a humectant (anti-staling agent) was investigated. The experiment utilised eight variants of potato flour, prepared from processing cultivar K. Chipsona-1 and table cultivar K. Laukar, in muffins as a bakery product. On the basis of higher values of water retention and water absorption, and comparatively lower values of setback and flavour intensity, grilled (180 W for 25 min) potato flour from cultivar K. Laukar (GPF-T) was selected for muffin preparation. For optimization, muffins were prepared with GPF-T at 1, 3, 5 and 7% (w/w) level in the formulation. The storage study was conducted for 8 days at 25?±?2 °C and 55?±?5% RH. It was concluded from the product characterisation, sensory evaluation and storage study that 3% GPF-T can be used as a low-cost alternative to commercially available humectants for muffin preparation. Research findings may be adopted by small-scale industry entrepreneurs to delay the staling of muffins two-fold without adversely affecting the sensory scores. 相似文献