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The effects of the fungal pathogen Phomopsis convolvulus Ormeno on seedling and established plant performance of Convolvulus arvensis L. were compared under both controlled and field conditions. Under a controlled environment, a granular barley formulation of the fungal inoculum that had been applied on to the soil surface of pots containing pre-germinated C. arvensis seeds resulted in above-ground biomass reductions of up to 87%. However, application of the fungus to established plants that had been cut to ground level produced biomass reductions (43%) that were nearly half of those obtained for seedlings. In a parallel field experiment conducted over two growing seasons, application of P. convolvulus resulted in dramatic above-ground biomass reductions for both seedlings and established plants. In one trial, biomass reductions of up to 100% and 98%, respectively, were obtained. C. arvensis coverage within field plots was closely correlated with above-ground biomass. Findings in this study indicated that P. convolvulus may provide effective control of C. arvensis when applied pre-emergence. 相似文献
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JULIE MAJOR CHRISTOPH STEINER ANTONIO DITOMMASO NEWTON P.S. FALCÃO JOHANNES LEHMANN 《Weed Biology and Management》2005,5(2):69-76
Soils of the lowland tropics in the central Brazilian Amazon are generally highly leached, acidic and nutrient-poor. Charcoal, combined with other soil amendments, might improve fertility but this, in turn, could lead to increased weed problems for agricultural production. This experiment was conducted to assess weed pressure and species composition on plots receiving various inorganic and organic soil amendments, including charcoal. Additions of inorganic fertilizer, compost and chicken manure resulted in increases in weed ground cover of 40, 22 and 53%, respectively, and increases in species richness of 20, 48, and 63%, respectively. When chicken manure was applied, dominance by a few weed species was reduced, such that different species were more evenly represented. Although charcoal additions alone did not significantly affect weed ground cover or species richness, a synergistic effect occurred when both charcoal and inorganic fertilizers were applied. The percentage ground cover of weeds was 45% within plots receiving inorganic fertilizer, 2% within plots receiving charcoal and 66% within plots receiving both amendments. Improvements in the fertility of nutrient-poor soils of the tropics might increase weed pressure and make the development of effective weed management strategies more critical. These effects on weed populations were observed nearly 2.5 years after the addition of charcoal, chicken manure and compost, and > 1 year after the last application of inorganic fertilizer. 相似文献
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