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Damaris Godinez-Vidal Mario Rocha-Sosa Edgar B. Sepúlveda-García Joel Lara-Reyna Reyna Rojas-Martínez Emma Zavaleta-Mejía 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(3):299-303
We tested the hypothesis that PAL activity in chilli plants CM-334 inoculated with Nacobbus aberrans (Na) alone or in combination with Phytophthora capsici (Pc), is lower than in those inoculated only with Pc. At 21 days after nematode inoculation, inoculated plants showed a significant
(P < 0.01) reduction of 48% in PAL activity compared to those non-inoculated in two separate experiments. In two other tests,
where plants were inoculated with the oomycete 21 days after inoculation with the nematode, PAL activity at 2, 4, 6, 8 and
24 h after inoculation with Pc was significantly higher (Tukey, P < 0.01) in plants inoculated only with Pc than in plants inoculated only with Na or both pathogens (Na+Pc). 相似文献
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Seleman R. Kaoneka Rachit K. Saxena Said N. Silim Damaris A. Odeny Nadigatla Veera Prabha Rama Ganga Rao Hussein A. Shimelis Moses Siambi Rajeev K. Varshney 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(2):148-154
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millspaugh) is an important multipurpose grain legume crop primarily grown in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa and Latin America. In Africa, the crop is grown for several purposes including food security, income generation, livestock feed and in agroforestry. Production in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) is however faced with many challenges including limited use of high‐yielding cultivars, diseases and pests, drought, under‐investment in research and lack of scientific expertise. The aim of this review is to highlight the challenges facing pigeonpea breeding research in ESA and the existing opportunities for improving the overall pigeonpea subsector in the region. We discuss the potential of the recently available pigeonpea genomic resources for accelerated molecular breeding, the prospects for conventional breeding and commercial hybrid pigeonpea, and the relevant seed policies, among others, which are viewed as opportunities to enhance pigeonpea productivity. 相似文献
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The potato cyst nematode is a major threat to potato production worldwide. In the highlands of Veracruz State, Mexico, potato cultivation has been the main economic activity during the last seven decades, and it is severely affected by the high abundance of Globodera rostochiensis. In this study, the field efficacy of chemical nematicides, nematophagous fungi, crop rotation and the combination of the latter two strategies were assessed on G. rostochiensis abundance while also considering their effects on the free-living nematode community. Integrated management combining the use of nematophagous fungi and crop rotation was the most effective strategy for decreasing the abundance of G. rostochiensis (up to 13%). Additionally, high diversity, low disturbance, and a slightly higher structure were observed in the nematode community in the integrated management treatment. Although nematophagous fungi and crop rotation separately were less effective in reducing G. rostochiensis abundance (41% and 23%, respectively), the free-living nematode community was not drastically affected. Chemical control was not only less effective in reducing the abundance of G. rostochiensis (up to 37%) but also affected the free-living nematode community to a greater extent. Our results suggest integrated management not only reduces G. rostochiensis abundance but also enhances free-living nematode community. 相似文献
4.
Allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass
of shade trees and coffee bushes grown together
Allometric models for dominant shade tree species and coffee plants (Coffea arabica) were developed for coffee agroforestry systems in Matagalpa, Nicaragua. The studied shade tree species were Cordia alliodora, Juglans olanchana, Inga tonduzzi and I. punctata. The models predict aboveground biomass based on diameter at breast height (for trees), and the stem diameter at a height of 15 cm and plant height (for coffee plants). In addition, the specific gravity of the studied species was determined.The total aboveground biomass of the shade trees varied between 3.5 and 386 kg per tree, and between 0.005 and 2.8 kg per plant for coffee. The aboveground biomass components (foliage, branch, and stem) are closely related with diameter at breast height (r > 0.75). The best-fit models for aboveground biomass of the shade trees were logarithmic, with adjusted R
2 between 0.71 and 0.97. In coffee plants, a high correlation was found (r = 0.84) with the stem diameter at 15 cm height, and the best-fit model was logarithmic, as well. The mean specific gravity was 0.52 (± 0.11) for trees and 0.82 (± 0.06) for coffee plants. 相似文献
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Timothy G. Porch Karen Cichy Weijia Wang Mark Brick James S. Beaver Damaris Santana-Morant Michael A. Grusak 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(5):935-953
Tepary bean is a highly abiotic stress tolerant orphan crop for which there has been limited research on its nutritional value and cooking characteristics. These are key aspects when considering the potential for broader adoption of tepary bean. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate a large set of seed composition and cooking traits related to human nutrition using both landraces and breeding lines of domesticated tepary bean from replicated field trials and to compare the traits in tepary with those in common bean. Tepary bean showed reduced fat and ash concentration and higher sucrose concentration as compared to common bean. Of the twelve amino acids evaluated, only proline in one of the two trials was statistically different between the two species. There were statistically significant differences between tepary and common bean for the concentration of some elements in this study; however, the elemental concentrations fell within the range of those found for common bean in previous studies. The majority of tepary bean lines showed consistently short cooking times and a high percentage of seeds showed measurable water uptake, while some showed a hardshell trait (low water uptake) and longer cooking times. Principal component analysis on a subset of traits showed a distinct group of common beans and two tepary bean groups that were divided on the basis of several agronomic, cooking, and elemental composition traits. Tepary bean, as with other pulses, is a highly nutritious crop with the range of composition and cooking characteristics similar to those of common bean. The variability for seed composition and cooking traits found within tepary bean can be exploited for its improvement. 相似文献
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Ingo Hein Paul R. J. Birch Sarah Danan Véronique Lefebvre Damaris Achieng Odeny Christiane Gebhardt Friederike Trognitz Glenn J. Bryan 《Potato Research》2009,52(3):215-227
Cultivated potato is susceptible to many pests and pathogens, none of which is more of a threat to potato agriculture than
the late blight disease, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. To date all efforts to thwart this most adaptive of pathogens have failed, and early attempts to deploy
‘R genes’ introgressed from the wild Mexican hexaploid Solanum demissum ended in abject failure. With the advent of facile gene mapping and cloning, allied to knowledge of plant resistance gene
structure, renewed efforts are leading to mapping and isolation of new sources of late blight resistance in potato wild species,
many of which are being performed under the auspices of the BIOEXPLOIT project (Sub-project 2). We document recent advances
in late blight resistance gene mapping and isolation, and postulate how these genes, allied to knowledge of pathogen effectors
and their recognition specificity, may greatly enhance our chances of halting the progress of late blight disease in potato
crops worldwide. 相似文献
7.
Short‐term suppression of Aedes aegypti using genetic control does not facilitate Aedes albopictus 
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