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Phelipanche and Orobanche species (broomrapes) are root holoparasitic plants that cause severe damage to economically important crops. Phelipanche and Orobanche spp. are widespread in Mediterranean areas, in Asia and in Southern and Eastern Europe, attacking dicotyledonous crops and depending entirely on their hosts for all nutritional requirements. Phelipanche aegyptiaca , Phelipanche ramosa and Orobanche cernua are extremely troublesome weeds on tomatoes. These noxious parasites exert their greatest damage prior to their shoot emergence and flowering; therefore, the majority of field loss may occur before diagnosis of infection. This review summarises the four main control measures for the weedy root parasites Phelipanche and Orobanche in tomato, namely chemical and biological control, resistant varieties and sanitation. Some of these methods are commercially widely used by farmers in Israel (chemical control), some are in the final stages of development towards commercialisation (resistant varieties and sanitation), and some still require further development and improvement before commercial implementation (biological control). The review presents an up-to-date summary of the available knowledge on their use for broomrape management in processing tomatoes. 相似文献
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Broomrapes ( Orobanche spp.) are root parasites, causing severe damage to vegetable and field crops. Their early in situ detection for efficient control is crucial but difficult, because of their sub-surface development. Minirhizotron technology enables the in situ observation of host–parasite interactions. The initial underground development of Orobanche cumana on sunflower roots and its control with imazapic were investigated. Imazapic (2.4 g active ingredient ha−1 ) was applied post-emergence on sunflower at the eight-true-leaf stage, when O. cumana attachments were first observed. No viable or new attachments were detected on roots of the treated sunflower after herbicide application. However, within the same time frame, the already existing O. cumana attachments in the non-treated controls continued to develop and new attachments appeared. Orobanche cumana shoot emergence was correlated with growing day-degrees (GDD, d °C). This correlation was quantified by a four-parameter logistic equation. Control efficacy was affected by depth and number of parasite attachments per minirhizotron camera frame: it was highest in the topmost layer, and decreased with depth and number of attachments. The results obtained in this study emphasise the need to develop a decision support system based on GDD that should be validated under long-term field conditions. 相似文献
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HERSHENHORN GOLDWASSER PLAKHINE ALI BLUMENFELD BUCSBAUM HERZLINGER GOLAN CHILF EIZENBERG DOR & KLEIFELD 《Weed Research》1998,38(5):343-349
Field experiments were conducted from 1994 to 1997 at two locations to study the effectiveness of chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron applied through different irrigation methods (chemigation) for control of Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers. in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Three split applications of chlorsulfuron at 2.5 g a.i. ha−1 and of triasulfuron at 7.5 g a.i. ha−1 , through conventional sprinkler irrigation systems, 10–14 days apart followed immediately by sprinkling with water, controlled O. aegyptiaca by about 90% and 80% and increased crop yield 25–47% and 30%, respectively, without any crop injury symptoms. Repeated applications of the same herbicides at half rates resulted in slightly higher O. aegyptiaca control and crop yield than only one herbicide application at double rate. Chemigation by the sprinkler systems (microsprinklers, 60 m3 ha−1 ) slightly increased the herbicide efficiency as compared with the high volume spray (800 m3 ha−1 ). O. aegyptiaca control from sulfonylureas applied by drip chemigation was poor, as this probably requires very accurate timing and the herbicide distribution in the soil was not uniform. 相似文献
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