No major effect of the leptin gene polymorphism on porcine production traits   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M. Szydlowski  M. Stachowiak  M. Mackowski  M. Kamyczek  R. Eckert  M. Rozycki  M. Switonski 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2004,121(3):149-155

Porcine leptin gene (LEP) and its association with production traits was analysed in the Polish Large White (PLW, n = 135), Polish Landrace (PL, n = 120) and synthetic line 990 (L990, n = 184). Two fragments of exon 3 of LEP were studied with the use of RFLP and SSCP techniques. The frequencies of C allele for the T3469C polymorphic site were 0.11, 0.10 and 0.11 in PLW, PL and L990, respectively. Phenotypic data were collected for the average daily weight gain, the feed conversion ratio, the weight of abdominal fat, backfat thickness (five measurements), intramuscular fat, meat content, loin weight, loin muscle area, ham weight and ham cut weight. The contrasts between TT and TC genotypes at the T3469C polymorphic site were estimated in the unitrait Animal Model with genotype at the RYR1 locus included. The lowest p values occurred for association test between T3469C polymorphism and intramuscular fat content in PLW (0.26 ± 0.14%, p = 0.05) and loin weight in L990 (?0.32 ± 0.13 kg, p = 0.01). We conclude that the detected associations are population‐specific and the analysed polymorphism of the LEP gene does not contribute directly to genetic variability of growth and carcass traits in pigs.  相似文献   

Untersuchungen zur ökologischen situation ostdeutscher landwirtschaftsbetriebe     

Hans Eckert  Gerhard Breitschuh  Manfred Kerschberger 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3):165-177

Repräsentative ostdeutsche Landwirtschaftsbetriebe sind hinsichtlich ihrer Umweltverträglichkeit bewertet worden. Dazu diente eine Methode, die für ca. 30 relevante Umwelt‐Gefährdungspotentiale aus den Bereichen Düngung, Bodenschutz, Pflanzenschutzmitteleinsatz, Agrarraumgestaltung, Artendiversität, Energiebilanz und Tierbesatz kritische Umweltbelastungen formuliert und damit aktuelle Betriebsdaten wertend vergleicht.

Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine sehr differenzierte Situation. Während Stoffbelastungen mit Konsequenzen für die Nahrungsqualität weitgehend unkritisch sind, bestehen Defizite vor allem als “Altlasten”; in den Bereichen Bodenschutz und Agrarraumgestaltung.

Beziehungen zwischen Intensität und Umweltverträglichkeitsbewertung werden diskutiert.  相似文献   

Variation in clinical and parasitological traits in Pietrain and Meishan pigs infected with Sarcocystis miescheriana   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Reiner G  Eckert J  Peischl T  Bochert S  Jäkel T  Mackenstedt U  Joachim A  Daugschies A  Geldermann H 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,106(2):99-113

Future prophylaxis needs new concepts, including natural disease resistance of hosts against infectious agents. Genomic approaches to detect and improve disease resistance in farm animals and the molecular mechanisms involved in host-parasite interactions depend to a high degree on the trait differences between founder breeds, i.e. on the animal model. The present study evaluates differences in susceptibility/resistance against Sarcocystis miescheriana in the European Pietrain (PI) and the Chinese Meishan (ME) pig breeds, based on 25 individuals, infected orally with 5x10(4) sporocysts of S. miescheriana. Significant differences appeared in clinical, serological, haematological and parasitological findings. The major discriminating period post infection (p.i.) was between days 42 and 45. Severity of signs was negatively correlated with specific immunoglobulin titres during the first 3 weeks p.i. and positively with the load of bradyzoites in muscle tissues of the pigs. Loads of bradyzoites in muscle tissues were 20 times higher in PI than in ME. Sarcocystis-specific differences between the two breeds were in the range of 1-2 standard deviations. The study lays the foundation for further experiments to analyse chromosomal regions, candidate genes, and thus the molecular basis of Sarcocystis susceptibility/resistance as a model for host-parasite interaction in protozoan infectious disease.  相似文献   

Various approaches of teaching veterinary parasitology     

Gottstein B  Eckert J 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,108(4):267-272

In this paper, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches of teaching veterinary parasitology, including the disciplinary, the problem-oriented and combined approaches. In the disciplinary approach, parasitology is taught in the classical manner as a coherent subject, covering parasite morphology, biology, molecular biology, epidemiology, pathology, immunology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, therapy, control, and prevention. Problem-oriented teaching approaches the subjects starting from diseases in animal species or from organ systems or other objectives (e.g. food safety); it also tackles training of skills for problem solving and self-learning. Combined approaches include elements of the disciplinary approach and those of other methods. A combined approach of teaching veterinary parasitology, including basic disciplinary teaching of at least 70-90 h, and additional problem-oriented education, was recently proposed in a resolution by the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology [WAAVP News Lett. 5 (1) 3-4]. In 1999, a new curriculum has been established at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, originally planned as a combination of organ-focused and problem-based approach. This model was soon identified to cause problems in teaching some disciplines, including infectious diseases. Conversely, the short-term experiences with this combined approach also confirmed some advantages of problem-oriented teaching in other, mainly clinical domains. Nevertheless, closer interdisciplinary contact and collaboration--especially in elective teaching--was enforced between paraclinical and clinical teaching by reforming the curriculum. However, it turned out that large student numbers in relation to the resources of manpower, rooms and finances limited the workability of the curriculum. Therefore, further and probably continuous improvement of the curriculum is necessary.  相似文献   

Pathogenesis of helminth infections     

J Eckert 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1985,98(8):269-274

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Die Verteilung von Arbeitszeitwerten im Hauungsbetrieb     

K. -H. Eckert 《European Journal of Forest Research》1958,77(5-6):178-188

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Detection of Taenia hydatigena copro-antigens by ELISA in dogs     

P Deplazes  B Gottstein  Y Stingelin  J Eckert 《Veterinary parasitology》1990,36(1-2):91-103

A sandwich-ELISA was developed for the detection of soluble Taenia hydatigena antigens in fecal samples of dogs. Affinity-purified polyclonal catching antibodies and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated detecting antibodies were employed, which had been obtained from rabbits hyperimmunized with excretory/secretory antigens derived from in vitro maintained adult Taenia hydatigena. The assay allowed the detection of 800 ng T. hydatigena antigen g-1 of feces as a lower limit. Six helminth-free dogs were each infected with 10 T. hydatigena cysticerci isolated from Swiss sheep. After prepatent periods ranging from 57 to 71 days, the dogs started to excrete Taenia eggs and/or proglottids. The ELISA detected Taenia antigens in all six dogs during the prepatent period starting individually between Day 18 and 45 post-infection (p.i.). Anthelmintic treatment of three dogs at Day 95 p.i. resulted in elimination of the cestodes and within the 5 following days in the disappearance of Taenia antigens from feces. The specificity of the assay was evaluated by testing crude antigens derived from helminths or bacteria. Four Taenia species showed cross-reactivity at concentrations of 5 micrograms protein ml-1. Conversely, no cross-reactions occurred with various antigen batches derived from Echinococcus granulosus, E. multilocularis, Dipylidium caninum, Mesocestoides corti, Diphyllobothrium sp., Toxocara canis and bacterial antigens (Salmonella and Escherichia). Moreover, fecal samples from dogs naturally infected with T. canis (n: 13), hookworms (n: 2), Trichuris vulpis (n: 13) and of 10 dogs with mixed infections with these three nematode groups were tested, and results confirmed the high degree of specificity. The Taenia antigens detectable by this ELISA remained immunologically stable in native feces stored at +25 degrees, +4 degrees or at -20 degrees C for at least 5 days.  相似文献   

Field anaesthesia of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea)     

Harms CA  Eckert SA  Kubis SA  Campbell M  Levenson DH  Crognale MA 《The Veterinary record》2007,161(1):15-21

Ten nesting leatherback sea turtles on Trinidad were anaesthetised for electroretinogram (ERG) measurements, using ketamine and medetomidine, reversed with atipamezole. They weighed 242 to 324 kg and were given initial doses of 3 to 8 mg/kg ketamine and 30 to 80 microg/kg medetomidine administered into an external jugular vein; six of the turtles received supplementary doses of 2.6 to 3.9 mg/kg ketamine combined with 0 to 39 microg/kg medetomidine. The lower doses were used initially to ensure against overdosage and reduce the chances of residual effects after the turtles returned to the water, but successful ergs called for step-wise dose increases to the required level of anaesthesia. Respiratory rate, heart rate, electrocardiogram, cloacal temperature, and venous blood gases were monitored, and blood was collected for plasma biochemistry. At the end of the erg procedure, atipamezole was administered at 150 to 420 microg/kg (five times the dose of medetomidine), half intramuscularly and half intravascularly. The turtles were monitored and prevented from re-entering the water until their behaviour was normal. No apparent mortalities or serious anaesthetic complications occurred. The observed within-season return nesting rate of the anaesthetised turtles was comparable with that of unanaesthetised turtles.  相似文献   

The role of p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) in the mechanism regulating cyclooxygenase gene expression in equine leukocytes     

Eckert RE  Neuder LE  Bell JL  Trujillo JC  Jones SL 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,118(3-4):294-303

The goal of this study was to define the role for p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) in the signaling mechanism regulating pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase (COX) gene expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated equine leukocytes for the purposes of identifying novel targets for anti-inflammatory therapy in endotoxemic horses. The p38 MAPK has been shown to positively regulate inflammatory gene expression in human leukocytes and can be activated by a variety of stimuli including LPS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1. Activation-associated phosphorylated p38 MAPK has been implicated in the up-regulation of several inflammatory genes, including COX-2 which ultimately results in the production of prostanoids that are responsible for the pathophysiology associated with endotoxemia. Our hypothesis is that activation of p38 MAPK is essential for LPS-induced COX-2 expression in equine peripheral blood leukocytes. We tested our hypothesis by investigating the effects of the specific p38 MAPK inhibitors SB203580 and SB202190 on LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression and PGE(2) production in equine leukocytes. LPS stimulation activated p38 MAPK and increased COX-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner with maximal activation observed after 30min and 4h, respectively, at a concentration of 10 ng/ml LPS. In contrast, LPS stimulation did not affect COX-1 protein expression. Pretreatment with SB203580 or SB202190 significantly inhibited LPS-induced activation-associated p38 MAPK phosphorylation, COX-2 mRNA and protein levels, and PGE(2) production in equine leukocytes. Maximal inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression was achieved at a concentration of 10 microM SB203580. We concluded that p38 MAPK is essential for LPS-induced COX-2 expression suggesting that p38 MAPK is a potential target for anti-inflammatory therapy during equine endotoxemia.  相似文献   

Influenza virus envelope protein: biological activity as a function of reassociation     

Eckert EA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,158(3800):527

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