Long-term impacts of an organophosphate-based regime of pesticides on field and field-edge Collembola communities     

Frampton GK 《Pest management science》2002,58(10):991-1001

During a 6-year study, effects of two contrasting regimes of pesticide use on pitfall and suction catches of Collembola were monitored in an arable field under a rotation of grass and winter wheat. Current farm practice (CFP) represented conventional fungicide and herbicide use plus applications of organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, whereas reduced input approach (RIA) utilised minimum inputs of fungicides and herbicides and excluded any use of insecticides. Compared with RIA, the CFP regime caused a substantial decline in the abundance and diversity of Collembola in the field, including the local disappearance of one species, without recovery during the study. At the field edge, which was protected during OP applications by a 6-m unsprayed buffer zone, effects of the CFP regime were less severe, and were not persistent in the long term. Some Collembola species occurred only in field-edge samples. Pitfall and suction sampling yielded remarkably similar patterns of catches, indicating that pitfall trapping may be appropriate for detecting long-term changes in collembolan abundance caused by intensive agricultural management practices.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal characteristics of dicarboximide-resistant strains of Monilinia fructicola and brown rot incidence in stone fruit     

P. A. G. Elmer  R. E. Gaunt  & C. M. Frampton 《Plant pathology》1998,47(4):530-536

The spatial and temporal distribution of dicarboximide-resistant strains of Monilinia fructicola were investigated in six peach and nectarine orchard blocks in 1987–89 using a dispersion index (Lloyd's Patchiness Index, LPI), and spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal autocorrelation analyses (Moran's Coefficient, I ). The LPI values indicated that resistant strains were aggregated in all blocks in all years. Spatial correlations were not significant beyond one quadrat for any spatial proximity pattern in five of six blocks. Thus the spread of resistant strains was mostly restricted to the vicinity of the original focus. An absence of significant temporal correlation between years in five of the six blocks indicated poor persistence of resistant strains at specific locations. Only one significant temporal correlation was detected at one block and this could have arisen by chance. Significant spatio-temporal correlation was not detected, suggesting that there was no focus expansion or carry-over of resistant strain inoculum from the previous sampling date. Spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal autocorrelation analyses were consistent with previously reported laboratory results that resistant strains had not acquired all the necessary characteristics to remain in, or dominate, field populations. The spatial pattern of brown rot incidence was investigated at one block in a separate study in 1988 and 1989. There were no significant spatial correlations for brown rot incidence in 1988 for any of the spatial proximity patterns analysed. In 1989, however, significant correlations indicated ellipsoid aggregates of brown rot orientated along the orchard rows.  相似文献   

AN ESTIMATE OF THE MAXIMUM VALUE FOR THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF THE TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS PROTEIN     

Frampton VL  Saum AM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1939,89(2300):84-85

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AN ESTIMATE OF THE RELATIVE DIMENSIONS AND DIFFUSION CONSTANT OF THE TOBACCO-MOSAIC VIRUS PROTEIN     

Frampton VL  Neurath H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1938,87(2264):468-469

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A Simple Tangent Meter     

Frampton VL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1948,107(2778):323-324

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Third International Havemeyer Workshop on Equine Herpesvirus type 1     

JH Kydd  J Slater  N Osterrieder  DP Lunn  DF Antczak  W Azab  U Balasuriya  C Barnett  M Brosnahan  C Cook  A Damiani  D Elton  A Frampton  J Gilkerson  L Goehring  D Horohov  L Maxwell  J Minke  P Morley  H Nauwynck  R Newton  G Perkins  N Pusterla  G Soboll-Hussey  J Traub-Dargatz  H Townsend  GR Van de Walle  B Wagner 《Equine veterinary journal》2012,44(5):513-517

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Tissue culture method affects ex vitro growth and development of loblolly pine     

Frampton  L. John  Amerson  Henry V.  Leach  Gregory N. 《New Forests》1998,16(2):125-138

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) propagules initiated adventitiously from cotyledons and via axillary-fascicular micropropagation from epicotyls were compared to seedlings grown from the same open-pollinated seedlot. Greenhouse and early field results indicate that unlike tissue culture propagules of cotyledon-origin, propagules originating via axillary-fascicular micropropagation from epicotyls do not display early reduced growth relative to seedlings. Further, axillary-fascicular micropropagules derived from cotyledon-origin adventitious shoots displayed early reduced growth. Early reduced growth and other differences between tissue culture propagules and seedlings previously observed in field plantings appear to be inherent to the cotyledon system of propagation and do not necessarily occur when other tissue culture procedures are used for propagation.  相似文献   

A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Schulz C  Gomez Perdiguero E  Chorro L  Szabo-Rogers H  Cagnard N  Kierdorf K  Prinz M  Wu B  Jacobsen SE  Pollard JW  Frampton J  Liu KJ  Geissmann F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6077):86-90

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Spatial and temporal spread of powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) in peas (Pisum sativum) varying in quantitative resistance     

S. L. H. Viljanen-Rollinson  C. M. A. Frampton  R. E. Gaunt  R. E. Falloon  & D. L. McNeil 《Plant pathology》1998,47(2):148-156

A field experiment was conducted to assess the progress in time and spread in space of powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe pisi ) in pea ( Pisum sativum ) cultivars differing in resistance to the disease. Disease severity (proportion of leaf area infected) was measured in 19 × 23 m plots of cultivars Pania and Bolero (both susceptible) and Quantum (quantitatively resistant). Inoculum on infected plants was introduced into the centre of each plot. Leaves (nodes) were divided into three groups within the canopy (lower, middle, upper) at each assessment because of the large range in disease severity vertically within the plants. Disease severity on leaves at upper nodes was less than 4% until the final assessment 35 days after inoculation. Exponential disease progress curves were fitted to disease severity data from leaves at middle nodes. The mean disease relative growth rate was greater on Quantum than on Pania or Bolero, but it was delayed, resulting in an overall lower disease severity on Quantum. Gompertz growth curves were fitted to disease progress on leaves at lower nodes. Disease progress on Quantum was delayed compared with Pania and Bolero. The average daily rates of increase in disease severity from Gompertz curves did not differ between the cultivars on these leaves. Disease gradients in the plots from the inoculum focus to 12 m were detected at early stages of the epidemic, but the effects of background inoculum inputs and the rate of disease progress meant that these gradients decreased with time as the disease epidemic intensified. Spread was rapid, and there were no statistically significant differences between cultivar isopathic rates (Pania 2.2, Quantum 2.9 and Bolero 4.0 m d⁻¹).  相似文献   

Production of microalgal concentrates by flocculation and their assessment as aquaculture feeds     

Richard M. Knuckey  Malcolm R. Brown  Ren Robert  Dion M.F. Frampton 《Aquacultural Engineering》2006,35(3):300-313

A novel technique was developed for the flocculation of marine microalgae commonly used in aquaculture. The process entailed an adjustment of pH of culture to between 10 and 10.6 using NaOH, followed by addition of a non-ionic polymer Magnafloc LT-25 to a final concentration of 0.5 mg L⁻¹. The ensuing flocculate was harvested, and neutralised giving a final concentration factor of between 200- and 800-fold. This process was successfully applied to harvest cells of Chaetoceros calcitrans, C. muelleri, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Attheya septentrionalis, Nitzschia closterium, Skeletonema sp., Tetraselmis suecica and Rhodomonas salina, with efficiencies ≥80%. The process was rapid, simple and inexpensive, and relatively cost neutral with increasing volume (cf. concentration by centrifugation). Harvested material was readily disaggregated to single cell suspensions by dilution in seawater and mild agitation. Microscopic examination of the cells showed them to be indistinguishable from corresponding non-flocculated cells. Chlorophyll analysis of concentrates prepared from cultures of ≤130 L showed minimal degradation after 2 weeks storage.

Concentrates of T. pseudonana prepared using pH-induced flocculation gave better growth of juvenile Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) than concentrates prepared by ferric flocculation, or centrifuged concentrates using a cream separator or laboratory centrifuge. In follow up experiments, concentrates prepared from 1000 L Chaetoceros muelleri cultures were effective as supplementary diets to improve the growth of juvenile C. gigas and the scallop Pecten fumatus reared under commercial conditions, though not as effective as the corresponding live algae. The experiments demonstrated a proof-of-concept for a commercial application of concentrates prepared by flocculation, especially for use at a remote nursery without on-site mass-algal culture facilities.  相似文献