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Continental chemical weathering is discussed with reference to a diagram, in which the ratio (CaO + Na2O + K2O)/(Al2O3+ CaO + Na2O + K2O) is plotted against the ratio (SiO2+ CaO + Na2O + K2O)/(Al2O3+ SiO2+ Na2O + K2O). The former ratio is a measure of the degree of feldspar breakdown, which is accompanied by the formation of secondary minerals (illite, smectite, etc.). The second ratio is a measure of the enrichment during weathering of Al, Si oxide phases such as kaolinite, quartz and gibbsite. The application of the diagram to a series of global examples leads to the statement: 1) Chemical weathering is the principal process by which continental surfaces are modified. 2) The extent of chemical weathering is correlated with the age of continental surfaces. 3) Global agricultural productivity is correlated with geologically recent additions of fresh rock debris by processes of volcanism, glaciation or alluviation. 相似文献
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HARRY C. FRAUENFELDER B.V.Sc. m.s. JOHN F. FESSLER D.V.M. M.S. † 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1981,10(2):96-100
The repair of a comminuted fracture of the proximal radius in a 300-kg horse was achieved using an angle blade plate and a dynamic compression plate. Placement of an angle blade plate required adequate preoperative preparation to ensure successful use and to avoid joint damage. The horse has been returned to atheletic performance and has remained sound. 相似文献
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JANICE L. BUBACK DVM MS HARRY W. BOOTHE DVM MS Dipiomate ACVS GWENDOLYN L. CARROLL DVM MS Dipiomate ACVA RONALD W. GREEN DVM MS Dipiomate ACVR 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(5):380-385
This study compared three methods of pain relief in dogs that had total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy. The hypothesis was that systemic opioids with preoperative local nerve blocks would provide superior pain relief. Thirty-one dogs with chronic otitis externa were included in the study. Dogs were randomly assigned to one of three protocols: systemic opioids alone (10 dogs, group 1), systemic opioids with bupivacaine splash block (11 dogs, group 2), and systemic opioids with preoperative local bupivacaine nerve blocks (10 dogs, group 3). Twenty-one dogs had bilateral ear ablation and 10 had unilateral ablation. Pain was assessed preoperatively, at extubation, 2 hours postextubation, and 1 day postoperatively by a single observer blinded to the analgesic protocol used. Pain scores were not significantly different within or between groups, nor did unilateral versus bilateral ablation have a significant effect on the score. Mean scores were less than 3 (scale 1 to 5) for all groups at all observation times. Rough recoveries were noted in 30% of group 1 dogs, 0% of group 2, and 20% of group 3 dogs. Ninety-four percent of dogs were moderately to heavily sedated at extubation. Sixty percent of group 3 dogs remained moderately to heavily sedated 2 hours postextubation. Rectal temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and postoperative change in serum Cortisol levels were not significantly different between groups. Postoperative increase in blood glucose was significantly higher in groups 1 and 3 compared with preoperative levels. Twenty-three percent of the dogs required additional analgesia or tranquilization after surgery, as determined by the anesthetist; 1 dog in group 1, 2 in group 2, and 4 in group 3. Each of the three analgesic protocols provided similar pain relief in dogs undergoing total ear canal ablation. 相似文献
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HARRY W. BOOTHE Jr DONALD R. CLARK† DAWN A. MERTON 《The Journal of small animal practice》1985,26(8):477-489
The effects of rapidly infused lactated Ringer's solution were studied in ten cats made hypovolaemic by acute bleeding and subsequently given, intravenously, crystalloid in an amount approximately equal to 1 blood volume (five cats) or 2 blood volumes (five cats). Fluid administration was begun approximately 30 min after the cats were bled and completed in 1 hour. A control group of three cats was instrumented but not bled or treated. Cardiovascular haemodynamics were measured before bleeding, 30 min after bleeding, at the half-way point of fluid administration, and immediately after total fluid administration. While the catheterization and vessel ligation had minimal effects, both blood removal and fluid administration had marked effects on haemodynamics. Cats which received fluids equal to 2 blood volumes were severely affected by hypervolaemia. Central venous pressures in these cats were significantly higher during and after fluid administration. Seventy per cent of the experimental cats survived long term; however, several surviving cats had complicated or prolonged recoveries in which clinical signs consistent with acute pulmonary oedema were seen during the treatment and recovery period. 相似文献
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SUSAN R. YANOFF DVM MS MICHAEL D. WILLARD DVM MS Diplomate ACVIM HARRY W. BOOTHE DVM MS Diplomate ACVS MICHAEL WALKER DVM Diplomate ACVR 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(3):217-222
Short bowel syndrome occurred in four dogs after extensive (74% to 88%) small intestinal resection. Weight loss and diarrhea were the principal clinical signs. Treatment was based on the severity of clinical signs. One dog is alive after 27 months. Three dogs died within 3 months. The prognosis depends on the extent and site of resection, degree of intestinal adaptation, preoperative condition, and postoperative care. 相似文献
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STUART G. JOHNSON DVM DONALD A. HULSE DVM DiplomateACVS HARRY A. HOGAN PhD JAMES K. NELSON PhD HARRY W. BOOTHE DVM MS DiplomateACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,18(6):459-465
Biomechanical analysis was performed on the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) and three autogenous tissues used for CCL reconstruction in the canine stifle. The autogenous tissues were patellar ligament-based autografts described for over-the-top CCL replacement and included the central one third of the patellar ligament, the medial one third of the patellar ligament, and the lateral one third of the patellar ligament with fascia lata. Tension testing produced abrupt failure of the central and medial autografts but sequential failure of the lateral autograft. Structural properties were determined for the overload condition and within the load range of normal activity for the CCL (physiologic range). None of the autograft systems approached the stiffness, maximum load, and energy absorbed to maximum load of the CCL. The central and lateral autografts were stiffer, had greater maximum loads, and absorbed more energy to maximum load than the medial autograft. The central and lateral autografts had an elastic range, as defined by proportional limit, which corresponded to the physiologic range of loading for the CCL. Loads that corresponded to physiologic displacement of the lateral and central autografts were near the maximum load of the fixation site, which underscored the need for postoperative support of the repaired stifle. 相似文献