Factors associated with average herd milk production in NorwayFacteurs de la production laitiére moyenne des troupeaux en NorvègeMit der durchschnittlichen herdenmilchleistung in Norwegen in verbindung stehende faktoren     

Henrik Solbu  Harald Skjervold 《Livestock Production Science》1981,8(1):1-10

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Recognition of the Nor98 variant of scrapie in the Swedish sheep population.     

D Gavier-Widén  M N?remark  S Benestad  M Simmons  L Renstr?m  B Bratberg  M Elvander  C H?rd af Segerstad 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(6):562-567

Within the framework of the active surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in sheep in Sweden, 4 cases of the atypical form of scrapie, Nor98, were identified during 2003. Nor98 is a recently recognized and poorly understood variant of scrapie, first described in Norway. The cases were positive by the rapid test (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Immunohistochemical staining showed diffuse thin-granular staining of the cerebellar cortex. Western immunoblotting analysis of specimens of brain stem and cerebellum showed a light band of approximately 12 kDa. Typical scrapie was ruled out based on the confirmatory testing. The affected ewes were from 4 different flocks. They were between 7 and 9 years old. Two were of the ARQ/ARQ genotype, 1 ARR/ARQ, and 1 ARR/AHQ. Two ewes had shown ataxia, and the other 2 had no clinical signs. Whole-flock slaughter was applied, and testing of the flock mates did not reveal additional cases. Nor98 differs from typical scrapie in its epidemiology, frequency of genotypes of sheep affected, clinical signs, microscopic lesions, distribution of scrapie prion protein in the brain, and characteristics of the immunostaining and immunoblotting profiles.  相似文献   

Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Solanum lycopersicoides is Dominant in Hybrids with Tomato, and Involves induced Hyphal Death   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Rejane L. Guimarães  Roger T. Chetelat  Henrik U. Stotz 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(1):13-23

Botrytis cinerea causes gray mold disease and affects hundreds of plant species, including tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The wild nightshade, Solanum lycopersicoides, is cross compatible with tomato and is more resistant to B. cinerea, thus representing a potential source for crop improvement. Tests involving droplet inoculation of detached leaves and spray inoculation of entire seedlings demonstrated that resistance to B. cinerea varies among S. lycopersicoides accessions, with S. lycopersicoides LA2951 being the most resistant accession tested. Expression of resistance in the intergeneric hybrid (L. esculentum cv. 'VF36' × S. lycopersicoides LA2951) suggested that resistance is at least partially dominant in tomato. A green fluorescent protein-tagged B. cinerea strain was used for confocal microscopic comparison of infection in leaves of S. lycopersicoides and tomato. Even though S. lycopersicoides supported spore germination, there was evidence for hyphal lysis and death 3 days after inoculation, at a time when lesions were expanding on susceptible tomato plants. The reduced frequency of B. cinerea lesion spread on S. lycopersicoides explains why this fungus produced fewer spores in this wild nightshade than in tomato.  相似文献   

Segment-based coancestry,additive relationship and genetic variance within and between the Norwegian and the Swedish Fjord horse populations     

Hanne Fjerdingby Olsen  Saija Tenhunen  Nils Ivar Dolvik  Dag Inge Våge  Gunnar Klemetsdal 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2020,69(1-2):118-126

ABSTRACT

The Fjord horse originates from Norway but forms a global population due to several small populations in foreign countries. There exists no information about the additive relationship and the genetic variance between these subpopulations. By collecting blood samples from Norwegian and Swedish Fjord horses, a sample of 311 Norwegian and 102 Swedish horses gave 485,918 SNPs available for analysis. Their inbreeding coefficients were calculated and compared to the pairwise coancestry and the shared genomic segments. The effective population size was almost similar with the two methods in the Norwegian Fjord horse population (63 and 71), but very different in the Swedish population (269 and 1136) and unprecise due to a much smaller number of observations. The study showed that coancestry from shared genomic segments can be used to estimate additive genetic relationship and genetic variation within and between the global populations of the Fjord horse.  相似文献   

The Influence of Organic and Integrated Production on Nutritional,Sensory and Agricultural Aspects of Vegetable Raw Materials for Food Production     

Stina Fjelkner-Modig  Håkan Bengtsson  Stig Nystrõm  Rolf Stegmark 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):102-113

In a six-year crop rotation trial organically and integrated grown vegetables were produced according to current good agricultural practices, taking quality and quantity aspects into consideration. The raw materials assessed focussed on materials used for industrial food production. Nutritional, sensory and agricultural aspects were evaluated. Carrot, cabbage, onion, pea and potato are possible to grow organically for industrial purposes. Depending on crop, the yield was lower (65-90%) for organically grown compared to integrated grown. Cultivation of organic spinach and dill turned out to be difficult due to problems with weed and discoloration. The chemical analyses included pesticide residues, nitrate, glycoalkaloid, dry matter, vitamin C and 25 different minerals and trace elements. Overall, the organically grown crops had higher dry matter content than the integrated grown. However, when examining the data for the different crops contradictory results were noted. No significant differences due to growing system were noticed for vitamin C and the other nutrients except for 4 of the trace elements. The growing system did not influence the sensory properties.  相似文献   

Validating an empiric sulfadiazine–trimethoprim dosage regimen for treatment of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus delphini infections in mink (Neovison vison)     

Amir Atabak Ronaghinia  Nanett Kvist Nikolaisen  Stine Green Hansen  Helle Harding Poulsen  Henrik Lauritz Frandsen  Tina Struve  Pierre‐Louis Toutain  Peter Damborg 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2021,44(1):93-106

Antimicrobial agents are used extensively off‐label in mink, as almost no agents are registered for this animal species. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data are required to determine antimicrobial dosages specifically targeting mink bacterial pathogens. The aims of this study were to assess, in a PKPD framework, the empirical dosage regimen for a combination of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) in mink, and secondarily to produce data for future setting of clinical breakpoints. TMP and SDZ PK parameters were obtained experimentally in 22 minks following IV or oral administration of TMP/SDZ (30 mg/kg, i.e. 5 mg/kg TMP and 25 mg/kg SDZ). fAUC/MIC with a target value of 24 hr was selected as the PKPD index predictive of TMP/SDZ efficacy. Using a modeling approach, PKPD cutoffs for TMP and SDZ were determined as 0.062 and 16 mg/L, respectively. By incorporating an anticipated potentiation effect of SDZ on TMP against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus delphini, the PKPD cutoff of TMP was revised to 0.312 mg/L, which is above the tentative epidemiological cutoffs (TECOFF) for these species. The current empirical TMP/SDZ dosage regimen (30 mg/kg, PO, once daily) therefore appears adequate for treatment of wild‐type E. coli and S. delphini infections in mink.  相似文献   

Describing Human–Wildlife Interaction from a European Perspective     

Maria Johansson  Sabrina Dressel  Emma Kvastegård  Göran Ericsson  Anke Fischer  Bjørn P. Kaltenborn 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2016,21(2):158-168

European researchers from both the natural and social sciences show growing interest in studying interactions between society and wildlife. A wealth of theoretical frameworks, concepts, and methods are used, but an integration of perspectives is lacking. This research note summarizes results from two workshops that included 63 delegates from 25 European countries, as well as a follow-up survey of 41 respondents. Two main theoretical approaches to the study of human–wildlife interactions were identified. One approach focuses on the collective societal level relying on theories of governance, social representation, deliberative procedures, and commons theory. The other approach targets individuals or groups, and is based on theories such as the cognitive hierarchy, theory of reasoned action, and theory of planned behavior. Interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to identify the best options for wildlife conservation and management in a more politically integrated Europe.  相似文献   

Breeding Restrictions Decrease the Prevalence of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels over an 8‐ to 10‐Year Period          下载免费PDF全文

A.C. Birkegård  M.J. Reimann  T. Martinussen  J. Häggström  H.D. Pedersen  L.H. Olsen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(1):63-68

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Modelling carbon dynamics in mixed grass–red clover swards     

Bengt Torssell  Henrik Eckersten  Alois Kornher  Per Nyman  Ullalena Boström 《Agricultural Systems》2007

Growth and carbon dynamics in mixed grass–red clover leys were simulated using a growth model for pure stands based on radiation use, allocation within plant and loss of biomass. The model and its parameter values were taken from previous applications of the model to pure swards of grass and red clover grown in the same experiment at the same sites and years.  相似文献   

Major Extractable Organic Compounds in the Biologically Degradable Fraction of Fresh,Composted and Anaerobically Digested Household Waste     

Marie-Louise Nilsson  Henrik Kylin  Peter Sundin 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(2):57-65

The recirculation of plant nutrients from urban areas to agriculture and horticulture and a need to reduce waste disposal by landfilling and incineration are the main reasons for recycling the biologically degradable fraction of household waste. However, before using the recycled material in agricultural and horticultural production it is necessary to make sure that the material does not contain any unwanted contaminants. In general, there is a lack of knowledge about organic contaminants in the degradable fraction of household waste and its compost and anaerobic digestion products. As a first step in a study of organic contaminants in household waste, and as part of the characterization of the degradation processes during composting and anaerobic digestion, the major extractable organic compounds were identified in the biologically degradable fraction of fresh, composted and anaerobically digested household waste. The organic compounds were isolated by supercritical fluid extraction using carbon dioxide as extraction medium. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for qualitative analyses. Natural products, such as fatty acids, fatty acid esters, n-alkanes, aliphatic alcohols, monoterpenes and triterpenes constituted the major organic components in the waste samples. In addition bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, frequently used as a plasticizer in polymers, was found in the extracts. In the chromatograms of the extracts of the fresh and composted household waste, fatty acids and fatty acid esters dominated with respect to peak heights and the number of peaks identified. In the anaerobically digested household waste n-alkanes were the dominating compound class. The pattern of the n-alkanes, also found in the fresh waste, possibly indicates a petrogenic origin of these compounds, perhaps caused by contamination during the collection of the household waste.  相似文献