Effect of Heterodera cajani on biomass and grain yield of pigeon pea on vertisol in pot and field experiments     

S. B. SHARMA  Y. L. NENE  M. V. REDDY  D. McDONALD 《Plant pathology》1993,42(2):163-167

Glasshouse and field trials were conducted to determine the effects of the cyst nematode, Heterodera cajani on biomass and grain yield of pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan. Shoot length, fresh and dry shoot masses, leaf area and pod yields of pigeon pea were significantly reduced by H. cajani. In glasshouse pot experiments, an initial density of 1.0 juveniles per cm³ soil caused 14 to 24% reduction in plant height, root and shoot mass and leaf area. Application of carbofuran 3G (1·5, 3·0 and 6·0 kg a.i./ha) in H. autoclaved soil in pots did not improve growth of pigeon pea; however, its application (6 kg a.i./ha) in H. cajani -infested fields reduced the nematode density ( P < 0·05) and improved plant growth and yield. The densities of eggs and juveniles of H. cajani were 72 and 48% lower in the carbofuran-treated plots than in the control plots 35 and 52 days, respectively, after sowing. No such differences were observed at 70 days after sowing. The tolerance limit for pod yield in field experiments was 2·6 eggs and juveniles of H. cajani per cm³ soil at sowing time. Grain yield was 20 to 25% higher in the carbofuran-treated plots than in the control plots. Application of carbofuran protected the roots from nematode damage during the early stages of plant growth and resulted in good plant growth and yield.  相似文献   

Effects of haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccination and levamisole administration on the humoral response in cross-bred calves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L. K. SHARMA  S. JAGADISH  A. N. MULBAGAL 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1990,13(1):23-28

Levamisole administered by oral, subcutaneous or transdermal routes following vaccination against Pasteurella multocida enhanced the humoral response in cross-bred calves. The group that received levamisole subcutaneously elicited highly significant (P less than 0.01) antibody titres during the primary humoral response in comparison with groups that received levamisole orally or transdermally. During the secondary response in the same experiment, levamisole administered subcutaneously and transdermally showed highly significant (P less than 0.01) haemagglutination titres relative to oral administration of the drug. In a second experiment, the group that received levamisole subcutaneously showed highly significant (P less than 0.01) antibody titres during the anamnestic humoral response over other treated groups.  相似文献   

利用叶绿素仪和叶色卡实施旱直播稻田的实地氮肥管理   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

A. M. ALI  H. S. THIND  S. SHARMA  YADVINDER-SINGH 《土壤圈》2015,25(1):72-81

  相似文献   

Effects of maize (Zea mays L.) silage feeding on dry matter intake and milk production of dairy buffalo and cattle in Tarai, Nepal     

Yoshiaki HAYASHI  Bhim B. THAPA  Mohan P. SHARMA  Maheshwor SAPKOTA  Hajime KUMAGAI 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(4):418-427

To identify the effects of whole crop maize silage (MS) as a substitute for rice straw (RS) on feed intake and milk production of mid-late lactating buffalo and cattle in Tarai, Nepal, eight Murrah and eight Jersey-Hariana were fed the basal diet, RS ( ad libitum ) with concentrate (0.68% of bodyweight [BW] on a dry matter [DM] basis). A 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment was conducted in each animal species with graded levels of MS substitution for RS (0%, T1; 33%, T2; 67%, T3 and 100%, T4). The MS had higher digestibility and total digestible nutrient (TDN) than RS. The DM intake per BW of the both species was highest in T3. The substitution of MS for RS increased the crude protein intake and the TDN intake in the both species. Although the buffalo showed the highest milking performance in T4, the cattle showed no significant differences in their milking performance among the treatments. The substitution of MS for RS improved the feed intake and milk production in the buffalo. On the other hand, the milk yield was not raised in the cattle, though the feed intake was increased by the substitution.  相似文献   

Shikimate accumulation in nine weedy species following glyphosate application     

T C MUELLER  A T ELLIS  J E BEELER  S D SHARMA  M SINGH 《Weed Research》2008,48(5):455-460

Glyphosate is commonly used in a variety of weed control scenarios and plants respond biochemically by continuing to attempt to push carbon through the shikimate pathway. The result is an accumulation of shikimate in sensitive plants in the days immediately after application. This research determined shikimate accumulation dynamics in nine problematic plant species from 0 to 6 days after treatment (DAT). Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Trifolium repens and Conyza canadensis showed rising concentrations through 6 DAT to >4000 mg L^?1. Chenopodium album, Xanthium strumarium and Urochloa platyphylla showed concentrations levelling off to a constant of about 2000 mg L^?1. Ambrosia trifida, Amaranthus palmeri and Polygonum pensylvanicum generally showed lower levels of shikimate accumulation and concentrations were decreasing after 3 DAT. No apparent relationships were evident between shikimate accumulation pattern and plant growth rate or speed of glyphosate activity. There also appeared to be no pattern in the shikimate accumulation trends that would allow for an informed decision as to which of these species would be most likely to develop glyphosate resistance. Shikimate concentrations were in agreement between field and glasshouse conditions for C. canadensis, but did not agree with those from A. palmeri.  相似文献   

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels and Native Soil Properties on Rice Grain Fe, Zn and Protein Contents     

G．CHANDEL S．BANERJEE S．SEE R．MEENA D．J．SHARMA S．B．VERULKAR 《水稻科学》2010,17(3):213-227

Deposition of protein and metal ions (Fe, Zn) in rice grains is a complex polygenic trait showing considerable environmental effect. To analyze the effect of nitrogen application levels and native soil properties on rice grain protein, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents, 32 rice genotypes were grown at three different locations each under 80 and 120 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer applications. In treatments with nitrogen fertilizer application, the brown rice grain protein content (GPC) increased significantly (1.1% to 7.0%) under higher nitrogen fertilizer application (120 kg/hm2) whereas grain Fe/Zn contents showed non-significant effect of nitrogen application level, thus suggesting that the rate of uptake and translocation of macro-elements does not influence the uptake and translocation of micro-elements. The pH, organic matter content and inherent Fe/Zn levels of native soil showed significant effects on grain Fe and Zn contents of all the rice genotypes. Grain Zn content of almost all the tested rice genotypes was found to increase at Location III having loamy soil texture, neutral pH value (pH 6.83) and higher organic matter content than the other two locations (Locations I and II), indicating significant influence of native soil properties on brown rice grain Zn content while grain Fe content showed significant genotype × environment interaction effect. Genotypic difference was found to be the most significant factor to affect grain Fe/Zn contents in all the tested rice genotypes, indicating that although native soil properties influence phyto-availability of micronutrients and consequently influencing absorption, translocation and grain deposition of Fe/Zn ions, yet genetic makeup of a plant determines its response to varied soil conditions and other external factors. Two indica rice genotypes R-RF-31 (27.62 μg/g grain Zn content and 7.80% GPC) and R1033-968-2-1 (30.05 μg/g grain Zn content and 8.47% GPC) were identified as high grain Zn and moderate GPC rice genotypes. These results indicate that soil property and organic matter content increase the availability of Fe and Zn in rhizosphere, which in turn enhances the uptake, translocation and redistribution of Fe/Zn into rice grains.  相似文献   

使用便携式X射线荧光（PXRF）法原位区分酸性和非酸性冻土带     

S. CHAKRABORTY  D. C. WEINDORF  G. J. MICHAELSON  C. L. PING  A. CHOUDHURY  T. KANDAKJI  A. ACREE  A. SHARMA  WANG Dan-Dan 《土壤圈》2016,26(4):549-560

Frozen soils or those with permafrost cover large areas of the earth’s surface and support unique vegetative ecosystems. Plantsgrowing in such harsh conditions have adapted to small niches, which allow them to survive. In northern Alaska, USA, both moistacidic and non-acidic tundra occur, yet determination of frozen soil pHs currently requires thawing of the soil so that electrometric pHmethods can be utilized. Contrariwise, a portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometer was used in this study to assess elementalabundances and relate those characteristics to soil pH through predictive multiple linear regressions. Two operational modes, SoilMode and Geochem Mode, were utilized to scan frozen soils in-situ and under laboratory conditions, respectively, after soil sampleswere dried and ground. Results showed that lab scanning produced optimal results with adjusted coefficient of determination (R²) of0.88 and 0.33 and root mean squared errors (RMSEs) of 0.87 and 0.34 between elemental data and lab-determined pH for Soil Modeand Geochem Mode, respectively. Even though the presence of ice attenuated fluoresced radiation under field conditions, adjusted R² and RMSEs between the datasets still provided reasonable model generalization (e.g., 0.73 and 0.49 for field Geochem Mode). Principalcomponent analysis qualitatively separated multiple sampling sites based on elemental data provided by PXRF, reflecting differences inthe chemical composition of the soils studied. Summarily, PXRF can be used for in-situ determination of soil pH in arctic environments without the need for sample modification and thawing. Furthermore, use of PXRF for determination of soil pH may provide highersample throughput than traditional eletrometric-based methods, while generating elemental data useful for the prediction of multiplesoil parameters.  相似文献   

Silicon and plant nutrition—dynamics,mechanisms of transport and role of silicon solubilizer microbiomes in sustainable agriculture: A review     

Barkha SHARMA  Kailash Chand KUMAWAT  Shalini TIWARI  Ajay KUMAR  Rouf Ahmad DAR  Ummed SINGH  Massimiliano CARDINALE 《土壤圈》2023,33(4):534-555

Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and has numerous roles in both soils and plants, although it is inaccessible to plants in its native state (insoluble silicate minerals). This inaccessibility can lead to insufficiency, which induces anomalies in plant growth and development.Specifically, Si alleviates various biotic and abiotic stresses in plants by enhancing tolerance mechanisms at different stages of uptake/deposition as a monosilicic acid. Exclusive utiliz...  相似文献   

Role of beneficial microbial gene pool in mitigating salt/nutrient stress of plants in saline soils through underground phytostimulating signalling molecules     

Shalini TIWARI  Barkha SHARMA  Neha BISHT Lakshmi TEWARI 《土壤圈》2023,33(1):153-171

Soil salinity diminishes soil health and reduces crop yield, which is becoming a major global concern. Salinity stress is one of the primary stresses, leading to several other secondary stresses that restrict plant growth and soil fertility. The major secondary stresses induced in plants under saline-alkaline conditions include osmotic stress, nutrient limitation, and ionic stress, all of which negatively impact overall plant growth. Under stressed conditions, certain beneficial soil microflora ...  相似文献   

Detection of arboviruses in Culicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected from animal farms in the border areas of Yunnan Province,China          下载免费PDF全文

DI Di  LI Chen-xi  LI Zong-jie  WANG Xin  XIA Qi-qi  Mona SHARMA  LI Bei-bei  LIU Ke  SHAO Dong-hua  QIU Ya-feng  Soe-Soe WAI  YANG Shi-biao  WEI Jian-chao  MA Zhi-yong 《农业科学学报》2021,20(9):2491-2501

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides(order Diptera, family Ceratopogonidae) are potential biological vectors for the transmission of certain arboviruses among humans, livestock, and wild animals. This study collected a total of 405 Culicoides individuals from seven animal farms located in five counties in the border areas of Yunnan Province, China, and examined the Culicoides species composition and the major arboviruses carried by the Culicoides species. The collected Culicoides were classified into seven species with variable abundances: Culicoides arakawae(5.43%, 22/405), Culicoides homotomus(1.23%, 5/405), Culicoides obsoletus(19.75%, 80/405), Culicoides orientalis(17.28%, 70/405), Culicoides oxystoma(29.38%, 119/405), Culicoides peregrinus(5.68%, 23/405), and Culicoides nipponensis(21.23%, 86/405). Among the seven species, C. oxystoma and C. nipponensis were distributed in all the five counties with abundances of 13.33–44.87% and 10.00–46.83%, respectively, suggesting that these were the dominant species of Culicoides widespread on animal farms in the border areas. PCR was used to detect major arboviruses in the collected Culicoides specimens, including bluetongue virus(BTV), Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, African swine fever virus, and African horse sickness virus. Among the tested viruses, only BTV serotype 1 was tested positive in C. oxystoma specimens collected from a buffalo farm. Culicoides oxystoma was the dominant species on animal farms in the sampled areas, but it has not previously been documented as positive for BTV in China. The current results thus suggest that C. oxystoma could be an important vector for BTV transmission in these border areas, which, however, needs to be confirmed by further comprehensive experiments. Overall, the present study provides the first profile of Culicoides species on animal farms in the China, Vietnam, and Myanmar border areas, establishes the prevalence of arboviruses carried by these Culicoides species, and suggests the vector potential of C. oxystoma species for the transmission of BTV.  相似文献