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Résumé— En plus des kératinocytes, l'épiderme contient des cellules résidentes de morphologie dendritique. Ce sont principalement la cellule de Langerhans, la cellule de Merkel et le mélanocyte. Ces cellules ont des fonctions diverses dans le tégument. Le mélanocyte assure la pigmentation cutanée et la protection contre les radiations U.V., et pourrait intervenir également dans la modulation de l'inflammation cutanée. La cellule de Langerhans intervient dans la surveillance immunologique des surfaces corporelles ecternes. La cellule de Merkel a des fonctions neuroendocrines. Cet article donne un aperçu de la structure et de la fonction de ces trois importantes populations cellulaires dans la peau. [Resident dentritic cells in the epidermis: Langerhans cells, Merkel cells and melanocytes (Cellules dentritiques résidentes de l'épiderme: cellules de Langerhans, cellules de Merkel et mélanocytes). Resumen— La epidermis contiene, además de los queratinocitos, células résidentes de morfologia dendria dendritica. Estas son principalmente las células de Langerhans, las células de Merkel y los melanocitos. Estas células tienen varias funciones en el integumento. Los melanocitos se encargan de la pigmentación y protección de la piel contra la radiación ultravioleta y tarrtbién participan en la regulación de la inflamación cutánea. Las células de Langerhans ayudan en la regulación inmunológica en la superficie externa. Las células de Merkel tienen funciones neuroendocrinas. Esta revisión da un repaso general a la estructura y función de tres importantes células de la piel. [Resident dendsuitic cells in the epidermis: Langerhans cells, Merkel cells and Melanocytes (Células résidentes en la epidermis: células de Langerhans, células de Merkel y melanocitos). Abstract— In addition to the keratinocytes, the epidermis contains resident cells of dendritic morphology. These are principally the Langerhans cell, Merkel cell and melanocyte. These cells have a number of different functions in the integument. The melanocyte is responsible for skin pigmentation and protection against UV radiation, and may also play a role in the modulation of cutaneous inflammation. The Langerhans cell aids in the immunological monitoring of the body's external surfaces. The Merkel cell has neuroendocrine functions. This review gives an overview of the structure and function of these three important cells of the skin. 相似文献
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Aspects of the selective phytotoxicity of methazole. II. Behaviour in plants following root exposure
The absorption, translocation and degradation of methazole were examined in onion, Stellaria media, Matricaria matricarioides and Veronica persica grown in culture solution. After a short period of initial rapid uptake, all four species absorbed herbicide and water in the same proportions. Translocation of herbicide to the shoots was directly proportional to transpiration, but the apparent solute concentration in the xylem was less than that in the external solution and varied between the species. A smaller percentage of the total absorbed herbicide was translocated to the shoot in V. persica, the most tolerant species. Methazole was relatively stable in M. matricariodes and was degraded slowly to 3-(3,4-dicnlorophenyl)-1-methylurea (DCPMU). It was degraded rapidly to DCPMU in the other three species and this accumulated in onion and S. media. In V. persica DCPMU was degraded further to 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) urea (DCPU). Methazole was not an active inhibitor of photosynthesis by isolated spinach chloroplasts. Both DCPMU and DCPU inhibited photosynthesis but DCPMU was 200-times more active than DCPU. Variations in the concentrations of DCPMU in the shoots of the different species largely accounted for the variations in their response to methazole applied pre-emergence. 相似文献
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JULIE E. DECHANT DVM DAVID G. MACDONALD DVM MVSC Diplomate ACVS WILLIAM H. CRAWFORD DVM MVSC Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1998,27(5):445-449
Simple complete dorsal fractures of the proximal phalanx were repaired in 2 mature pleasure horses with cortical bone screws placed in lag fashion. Healing occurred within 12 weeks and both horses returned to their previous performance level of light pleasure riding within 6 months of injury. 相似文献
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JULIE A. SILVA 《Growth and change》2008,39(2):225-251
ABSTRACT States and localities in the U.S. put considerable effort into attracting and maintaining high‐tech manufacturing industries to preserve manufacturing employment. However, little work has examined whether high‐tech industries respond differently than traditional manufacturing to changing trade pressures. This study investigates the impact of international trade on skilled and unskilled labor demand across manufacturing sectors. Results of this study indicate that changes in exchange rates and trade orientation have similar effects across high‐tech and traditional manufacturing sectors. In addition, findings suggest that there is a high degree of variation in the trade‐related effects on labor demand across individual high‐tech sectors, and that the direction of these effects often runs counter to the predictions of traditional trade theory. 相似文献
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M. E. GROSS dvm JULIE A. SMITH dvm W. J. TRANQUILLI dvm Dipiomate acva 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(2):159-162
The cardiorespiratory effects of midazolam (0.1 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) were evaluated in seven cats. Cats were induced in a chamber, removed and intubated, and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Cardiorespiratory data were recorded before and 3, 10,20,30,40,50, and 60 minutes after intravenous injection of midazolam-butorphanol. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and respiration rate were significantly (p < .05) decreased below baseline at various times throughout the study. Tidal volume and minute ventilation were unchanged. End-tidal carbon dioxide was significantly (p < .05) increased above baseline for 30 minutes. Midazolam-butorphanol administered intravenously induced significant alterations in several cardiorespiratory parameters in isoflurane-anesthetized cats. 相似文献
6.
PHILIP B. VASSEUR dvm Diplomate acvs JULIE LEVY bs ELISA DOWD dvm JEFFREY ELIOT bs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(2):60-64
Two thousand sixty-three surgical procedures were performed on 1992 patients (1715 dogs and 277 cats). In a retrospective analysis, the procedures were categorized according to the expected degree of wound contamination, and corresponding wound infection rates were determined. The number of procedures in each category and the percent that became infected were as follows: clean (1100, 2.5%), clean-contaminated (554, 4.5%), contaminated (172, 5.8%), and dirty (237, 18.1%). The administration of antibiotics significantly reduced the frequency of wound infection in clean surgical procedures performed by senior veterinary students (p less than 0.05), but not in clean elective procedures performed by faculty or resident surgeons that required 90 minutes or less to complete. There was a significant correlation between elevation of rectal temperature postoperatively and increased duration of the surgical procedure. However, the rectal temperature measured the day after surgery was not an accurate predictor of wound infection. 相似文献
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SANDRA MARTIG MARTIN KONAR HUGO G. SCHMÖKEL UELI RYTZ DAVID SPRENG JÜRG SCHEIDEGGER BIRGIT HÖHL PATRICK R. KIRCHER JULIE BOISCLAIR JOHANN LANG 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2006,47(6):515-522
Little is known about the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of canine meniscal lesions. The aim of this study is to describe the MR appearance of meniscal lesions in dogs with experimentally induced cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficiency. The pilot study revealed dogs weighing approximately 10 kg to be too small for meniscal evaluation on low-field MRI. In the main study, dogs weighing approximately 35 kg were used. The left CCL was transected and low-field MRI was performed regularly until 13 months post-surgery. Normal menisci were defined as grade 0. Intrameniscal lesions not reaching any surface corresponded to grade 1 if focal and to grade 2 if linear or diffuse. Grade 3 lesions consisted in linear tears penetrating a meniscal surface. Grade 4 lesions included complex signal changes or meniscal distortion. Between 2 and 13 months post-surgery, all dogs developed grade 4 lesions in the medial meniscus. Most of them corresponded to longitudinal or bucket handle tears on arthroscopy and necropsy. Two dogs showed grade 3 lesions reaching the tibial surface of the lateral meniscus on MRI but not in arthroscopy. Such tears are difficult to evaluate arthroscopically; MRI provides more accurate information about the tibial meniscal surface. Grades 1 and 2 lesions could not be differentiated from presumably normal menisci with our imaging technique. An MRI grading system better adapted to canine lesions has yet to be developed. MRI is a helpful tool for the diagnosis of complete tears in the canine meniscus, especially in larger dogs. 相似文献
8.
Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis in Four Dogs and a Cat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ELIZABETH M. HARDIE DVM PhD Diplomate ACVS JAMES B. ROTTMAN DVM Diplomate ACVP JULIE K. LEVY DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(2):107-114
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) was diagnosed in four dogs and one cat. Clinical signs included vomiting, abdominal pain, palpable abdominal mass, and ascites. The abdominal fluid was red-tinged and contained large numbers of red blood cells, macrophages, mixed inflammatory cells, reactive mesothelial cells, and fibroblasts. At surgery, the typical appearance was of multiple surfaces covered with granulation tissue or fibrous tissue or both. Multiple adhesions were often present. Causes of SEP included steatitis, fiberglass ingestion, and bacterial infection. Treatment included administration of antibiotic, corticosteroid, and diuretic medications. The major long-term management problems were chronic weight loss, ascites, and progression of concurrent disease. 相似文献
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Aspects of the selective phytotoxicity of methazole. I. Measurements of species response, spray retention and leaf surface characteristics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The responses of onion (Allium cepa). Veronica persica, Matricaria matricarioides and Stellaria media to post-emergence applications of methazole were measured in field and glasshouse experiments. Stellaria media was the most susceptible species and V. persica the least. Plants of all species became more tolerant the larger they were at the time of treatment, and this was most pronounced in onion. Onion generally retained less spray per unit of dry weight than the other three species and retention was less on old compared with young plants, whereas with the weed species, this did not change appreciably with age. There was a progressive increase in the amount of structured crystalline wax on successive onion leaves which resulted in larger contact angles between droplets and the leaf surfaces and lower spray retention per unit of dry weight. There was less wax development on the leaf surfaces, increased spray retention, and increased susceptibility to methazole in onion treated pre-emergence with ethofumesate thus confirming that these factors are interrelated. While the increased tolerance of onion to methazole with age could be explained in part by decreased retention of herbicide, this was not so for the weed species, and other factors must determine their change in tolerance with age. 相似文献