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Teruo NONOMURA Yoshinori MATSUDA Motoaki TSUDA Kazuto URANAKA Hideyoshi TOYODA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(3):224-227
Commercially available tomato cultivars were hydroponically cultured for inoculation, with Ralstonia solanacearum (K-101), which causes bacterial wilt, by pouring an inoculum suspension into the nutrient solution. Cultivar susceptibility
to the bacteria was evaluated, based on the highest percentage of wilting. Because the length of time for wilt appearance
varied among cultivars, some cultivars appeared to be suppressive to the translocation and/or multiplication of the invading
pathogen. Thus, this hydroponic inoculation system is effective for examining levels of susceptibility in tomato cultivars
to bacterial wilt.
Received 13 December 2000/ Accepted in revised form 27 March 2001 相似文献
2.
Fumiko TAGUCHI Rui TANAKA Sayuri KINOSHITA Yuki ICHINOSE Yoshiyuki IMURA Salamah ANDI Kazuhiro TOYODA Tomonori SHIRAISHI Tetsuji YAMADA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(2):116-123
To elucidate the role of harpins produced by Pseudomonas syringae, the corresponding hrpZ gene was isolated from P. s. pv. tabaci. The sequence information revealed that this gene carries a serious mutation with 326 bp lacking in the central region and
potentially encodes only 140 N-terminal amino acids because of a frame shift. The investigation of biological properties using
recombinant harpin indicated harpinpsta was incapable of inducing HR in both host and nonhost plants. Based on an immunoblot analysis to detect harpin from P. s. pathovars in hrp-inducing medium, the truncated harpinpsta was neither expressed nor secreted into the culture medium. These results suggest that harpin is not the sole determinant
of the host-parasite specificity in P. s. pv. tabaci.
Received 10 August 2000/ Accepted in revised form 21 December 2000 相似文献
3.
Yoshinori MATSUDA Yuichiro IIDA Takeshi SHINOGI Koji KAKUTANI Teruo NONOMURA Hideyoshi TOYODA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(4):318-324
A chitosan-degrading bacterium, isolated from field soil that had been amended with chitin, was identified as Sphingobacterium multivorum KST-009 on the basis of its bacteriological characteristics. The extracellular chitosanase (SM1) secreted by KST-009 was a
34-kDa protein and could be purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel permeation column chromatography and SDS
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A chitosanase gene (csnSM1) was isolated from genomic DNA of the bacteria, and the entire nucleotide sequence of the gene and the partial N-terminal
amino acid sequence of the purified SM1 were determined. The csnSM1 gene was found to encode 383 amino acids, 72 N-terminal amino acid residues were processed to produce the mature enzyme
during the secretion process. Germinated microconidia of four formae speciales (lycopersici, radicis-lycopersici, melonis, and fragariae ) of Fusarium oxysporum were treated with SM1. Chitosanase treatment caused morphological changes, such as swelling of hyphal cells or indistinctness
of hyphal cell tips and cessation or reduction of mycelial elongation.
Received 2 May 2001/ Accepted in revised form 21 June 2001 相似文献
4.
Occurrence of New Powdery Mildew on Greenhouse Tomato Cultivars 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yoshinori MATSUDA Koichi KASHIMOTO Yoshihiro TAKIKAWA Rika AIKAMI Teruo NONOMURA Hideyoshi TOYODA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(4):294-298
During a year-round survey on the occurrence of powdery mildew on greenhouse-cultivated tomato plants, the disease was most
severe in June and July. All tomato plants (45 commercial cultivars and 11 breeding lines) tested were infected with the pathogen
but had different degrees of susceptibility. The pathogen was epiphytic and produced white, round pustules mainly on leaves
of tomato plants. The pathogen produced conidia singly on conidiophores and forked appressoria on inoculated tomato leaves
and seemed to be an Oidium sp. of Erysiphe polygoni type.
Received 18 December 2000/ Accepted in revised form 22 July 2001 相似文献
5.
Teruo NONOMURA Yoshinori MATSUDA Mikako TAKASUGI Takashi OOTANI Tomoya HASEGAWA Kazutomo MIYAJIMA Tetsuya HATASA Hideyoshi TOYODA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(4):273-280
Using melon seedlings at the cotyledon stage and genetically marked fungi, a system for monitoring pathogenic and nonpathogenic
Fusarium oxysporum was devised in the present study. Protoplasts were prepared from three formae speciales (melonis, radicis-lycopersici and fragariae )of F. oxysporum and transformed with a synthetic gene for green fluorescence protein. Transformants were primarily isolated in the presence
of hygromycin B and then screened by the emission of bright green fluorescence. Roots of melon seedlings were inoculated with
fluorescing microconidia of these fungi, and fungal infection behavior was traced. Using fluorescence microscopy, we directly
observed not only the fungus at the root surface, but also the mycelia elongating in the trachea of roots. Both pathogenic
and nonpathogenic fungi germinated and hyphae elongated superficially on the surface of root. Only pathogenic fungi caused
root necrosis at the inoculation site. Hyphae grew within the stem to induce constriction or cracking of lower hypocotyls,
then causing wilting of the seedlings. Infection behavior of genetically marked pathogenic and nonpathogenic F. oxysporum could be successfully monitored after inoculation of cotyledons of seedlings.
Received 6 June 2001/ Accepted in revised form 3 August 2001 相似文献
6.
Yoshinori MATSUDA Hideyoshi TOYODA Yasunari KATO Koji KAKUTANI Takayuki NAKANISHI Miki BINGO Teruo NONOMURA Seiji OUCHI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):59-63
A nonpathogenic mutant of Ralstonia solanacearum was produced by the insertion of transposon Tn4431. The mutagenized gene was then cloned from a genomic DNA library by the
gene tagging method, using the labeled lux operon located on Tn4431 of pUCD623 as a hybridization probe. From nucleotide sequence analysis of the transposon-inserted
genomic clone, the hrpB gene was shown to be disrupted by the inserted transposon. Tomato plants were inoculated with the hrpB-disrupted mutant bacteria, for which multiplication and translocation were then monitored using the colony hybridization
method. In addition, the original pathogenic bacteria in which the lux operon had been functionally ligated with the genomic promoter were also used for inoculation and traced by their bioluminescence.
Multiplication of the hrpB-disrupted mutant was suppressed initially in the invaded root tissues and then in upper hypocotyl after translocation, suggesting
that the pathogenic strain of R. solanacearum overcomes at least two steps of host responses expressed in root and hypocotyl tissues. Thus, our approach for molecular
monitoring of the bacteria enabled us to precisely analyze the infection behavior of the pathogenic bacteria in planta.
Received 16 April 1999/ Accepted in revised form 10 August 1999 相似文献
7.
Takahito KYOYA Aiko ISHIDA Kazuki NAKASHIMA Ikuyo NAKAJIMA Atsushi TOYODA Yutaka NAKAMURA Masaya KATSUMATA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(4):565-570
Intramuscular fat content is increased by feeding of low lysine diets in pigs. Reduction in dietary lysine intake results in low plasma lysine concentration and low cytosolic lysine concentration in skeletal muscles. From these observations, we hypothesized that low plasma lysine concentration in pigs fed on low lysine diets reduced supply of lysine from blood circulation to preadipocytes, and this limited supply of lysine might promote adipocyte differentiation in porcine muscles. In order to verify the hypothesis, we investigated the effects of low concentrations of lysine in culture medium on differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Low concentration of lysine suppressed lipid accumulation and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and enzyme activity of fatty acid synthase. mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) were lower in cells cultured in low lysine medium. On the other hand, mRNA and protein expressions of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ were not inhibited by low concentrations of lysine in culture medium. These results indicate that low lysine concentrations in culture medium inhibit differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes through inhibiting the mRNA expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα. 相似文献
8.
Yoshiyuki IMURA Satoko IGUCHI Kazuhiro TOYODA Yuki ICHINOSE Tomonori SHIRAISHI Tetsuji YAMADA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(2):123-127
Regulatory elements in the promoter of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene 1 of pea (PSPAL1) in response to nonpathogenic attack were identified by in vivo footprinting analysis. The footprints determined AC-rich sequences, Box-I and Box-II, that were conserved at similar positions
in the phenylpropanoid gene promoters from several plants. To reveal the functions of the AC-rich sequence in nonpathogen-responsiveness,
we constructed Box-I-deletion PSPAL1 promoter (dB-1) with GUS reporter gene and transformed it into tobacco plant. The dB-1 had reduced basal expression and a complete loss of nonpathogen-responsiveness. These results indicate the essentiality of
Box-I for PSPAL1 activation induced by nonpathogenic attack.
Received 27 October 1999/ Accepted in revised form 25 November 1999 相似文献
9.
THAI KHANH PHONG HIROZUMI WATANABE TAKU NISHIMURA KOKI TOYODA TAKASHI MOTOBAYASHI 《Weed Biology and Management》2008,8(4):243-249
Eight small‐scale lysimeters with different excess water storage depths (EWSDs) were used to investigate the behavior of two herbicides, simetryn and thiobencarb, under paddy conditions. The concentration of simetryn dissipated similarly in all the lysimeters, while the thiobencarb concentration varied significantly because thiobencarb can adsorb onto the dissolved organic matter in a manure slurry, which was applied to six of the lysimeters. The herbicide losses (the percentage of the applied mass) from the lysimeters were reversely proportional with the EWSD. The correlation was stronger for simetryn than for thiobencarb. An appropriate EWSD is required to effectively prevent herbicide run‐off from the paddy field, especially when a rainfall event occurs soon after herbicide application. 相似文献
10.
Rui TANAKA Fumiko TAGUCHI Yuki ICHINOSE Kazuhiro TOYODA Tomonori SHIRAISHI Tetsuji YAMADA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(2):148-151
To investigate the role of the proteinaceous elicitor, harpin, on host and nonhost plants, we isolated the harpin-coding gene,
hrpZ, from Pseudomonas syringae pvs. pisi, glycinea, tabaci and tomato. Effects of the recombinant harpin proteins on pea plants were analyzed and compared with the effects of the corresponding
bacterial treatment. After inoculation of pea with pea pathogen P. syringae pv. pisi, the bacterial population increased and the accumulation of PAL-mRNA and pisatin was inhibited. The nonpathogenic pathovars, glycinea, tabaci and tomato induced both defense responses in pea. However, none of the harpins induced the hypersensitive reaction or accumulation of
PAL-mRNA and pisatin in pea. Harpins from P. syringae pvs. glycinea, tomato and pisi did induce these defense responses in tobacco, however, suggesting that externally applied harpins either are not recognized
or are nonfunctional in pea plants.
Received 27 June 2000/ Accepted in revised form 21 February 2001 相似文献
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