鸡球虫病的免疫控制   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Shirley M.W  蔡建平  谢明权 《中国家禽》2003,25(7):33-35

球虫一旦感染鸡并在其体内定居,就处于宿主免疫系统的监测下并设法建立寄生生活。球虫在鸡体内最长可持续生存14天,且几乎都位于宿主肠壁深层的细胞内,并完全依赖于宿主营养,最多可进行4代生长、增殖(无性生殖)的过程。鸡在感染后数小时即对球虫产生反应,大约4天即可产生特异性的保护性免疫反应,且足以限制再感染。免疫反应强度与许多因素有关,如感染剂量及感染虫种的特性等,但通常一次摄入少量卵囊即足以诱导能充分抵御再感染的免疫反应。虽然认为免疫接种是控制鸡球虫病的实用方法已有50多年,但在化学治疗的鼎盛时代,疫苗使用常被忽略,仅…  相似文献   

The Effects of Allyl Isothiocyanate Compared With Ultraviolet Radiation     

Finley HE  Shirley ES  Wanza JW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1948,108(2815):666

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Enigmatic tissue in the orobranchial chamber of cardinalfishes of the genus Siphamia (Perciformes,Apogonidae)     

Ofer Gon  Shirley C Pinchuck 《African Zoology》2016,51(3):127-133

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Effect of carotene deficient rations and supplemental vitamin A on gain, feed utilization and liver vitamin A of calves     

W G Kirk  R L Shirley  J F Easley  F M Peacock 《Journal of animal science》1971,33(2):476-480

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Finasteride-induced prostatic involution by apoptosis in dogs with benign prostatic hypertrophy     

Sirinarumitr K  Sirinarumitr T  Johnston SD  Sarkar DK  Kustritz MV 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(4):495-498

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of finasteride on programmed cell death (apoptosis) of prostatic cells during prostatic involution in dogs with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). ANIMALS: 9 dogs with BPH. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. Treatment dogs (n = 5) were administered finasteride (0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) for 16 weeks, whereas the 4 control dogs were administered an inert compound. Prostatic cells from the prostatic fluid portion of the ejaculate of treatment and control dogs were obtained before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after initiation of treatment. Cells were concentrated by use of centrifugation. Prostatic cells were examined for indications of apoptosis by use of a terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuracil triphosphate nick-end labeling technique. After receiving the inert compound for 16 weeks, the 4 control dogs were administered finasteride for 16 weeks, and evaluations were repeated. RESULTS: Percentage of apoptotic prostatic cells in ejaculated prostatic fluid of treatment dogs increased significantly (from 9% before treatment to 33, 31, 26, and 27% after 1, 2, 3, and 8 weeks of treatment, respectively). There was no significant change in percentage of apoptotic prostatic cells in the ejaculated prostatic fluid of control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Finasteride-induced prostatic involution appears to be via apoptosis in dogs with BPH. Finasteride treatment of dogs with BPH causes prostatic involution by apoptosis rather than necrosis.  相似文献   

Cloning,expression, purification,and biological activity of five feline type I interferons   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wonderling R  Powell T  Baldwin S  Morales T  Snyder S  Keiser K  Hunter S  Best E  McDermott MJ  Milhausen M 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,89(1-2):13-27

Type I interferons (IFN) are important mediators of the host defense against viral infections in mammals. In humans multiple subtypes of IFN-alpha exist, most of which possess antiviral activity. Little is known about the type I IFN genes in cats and the role they may play in feline immunological responses to viruses. We have isolated cDNAs encoding five feline IFN-alpha (feIFN) subtypes that share from 95 to 99% amino acid sequence identity. FeIFN-alpha5 has five additional amino acids inserted at position 139, which are not present in the other four subtypes. Sequence identity of the feIFN proteins encoded by the five clones compared to human IFN-alpha2 is approximately 60%. Unlike most of the human subtypes, each of the five feline IFN sequences has an N-glycosylation recognition site. Expression of all five feIFN-alpha subtypes in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was confirmed by Western blot analysis, and all resulting proteins were glycosylated. The antiviral activity of each feIFN-alpha subtype produced in transiently transfected CHO cell cultures was tested in vitro. In addition, subtype feIFN-alpha6 was expressed in the yeast, Pichia pastoris. The resulting secreted mature recombinant protein was purified and demonstrated significant antiviral activity and induction of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in vitro.  相似文献   

Pheromone-Related Inhibitors of Ustilago hordei Mating and Tilletia tritici Teliospore Germination     

Kosted PJ  Gerhardt SA  Sherwood JE 《Phytopathology》2002,92(2):210-216

ABSTRACT Ustilago hordei, the causal agent of barley covered smut, produces mating pheromones that break down to smaller peptide compounds that act as potent inhibitors of mating and germination in several fungi. The pheromones are members of the farnesylated family of proteins. Synthetic peptide analogs of the pheromone derivatives, ranging in size from 4 mers to full length pheromones, were farnesylated, methyl esterified, or both and tested for mating or teliospore germination inhibition with U. hordei or Tilletia tritici, respectively. N-Acetyl-S-farnesylcysteine, which inhibits processing of Ras, and other sulfur-containing compounds such as homocysteine or methionine, were likewise modified and tested. The most potent inhibitors were methionine methyl ester and modified 4-mer peptides from both pheromones. Alanine scanning of the inhibitory 4 mers determined that the native amino acid sequence was specific for a high level of activity. The sulfur amino acids appear to be required for inhibition. Glasshouse studies using selected antagonists of mating and teliospore germination as seed treatments inhibited covered smut of barley and common bunt of wheat, although the level of control was inconsistent. The use of pheromone-related antagonists to mating or teliospore germination is a promising, novel strategy for control of smut and bunt diseases.  相似文献   

Antibody response of five bird species after vaccination with a killed West Nile virus vaccine.     

Danelle M Okeson  Shirley Yeo Llizo  Christine L Miller  Amy L Glaser 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(2):240-244

West Nile virus has been associated with numerous bird mortalities in the United States since 1999. Five avian species at three zoological parks were selected to assess the antibody response to vaccination for West Nile virus: black-footed penguins (Spheniscus demersus), little blue penguins (Eudyptula minor), American flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber), Chilean flamingos (Phoenicopterus chilensis), and Attwater's prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri). All birds were vaccinated intramuscularly at least twice with a commercially available inactivated whole virus vaccine (Innovator). Significant differences in antibody titer over time were detected for black-footed penguins and both flamingo species.  相似文献   

Trends in overweight by socio-economic status in Vietnam: 1992 to 2002     

Nguyen MD  Beresford SA  Drewnowski A 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(2):115-121

OBJECTIVE: To explore socio-economic factors associated with rising rates of overweight among Vietnamese adults. DESIGN: The study was based on three national surveys of socio-economic factors and health conducted over a 10-year period. The studies were: the Vietnamese Living Standard Survey 1992-1993 (11 982 participants); the Vietnamese Living Standard Survey 1997-1998 (15 975 participants); and the Vietnamese National Health Survey 2001-2002 (94 656 participants). SUBJECTS: Male and female adults >18 years old were stratified by gender, age group, area of residence, occupation, education and relative food expenditures. Overweight was defined using body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg m(-2). RESULTS: Overweight rates in Vietnam more than doubled between 1992 and 2002 (from 2.0 to 5.7%). Significant increases were observed for men and women, in urban and rural areas, and for all age groups. In univariate analyses, both age and higher socio-economic status were associated with higher rates of overweight. Using the most recent survey, urban populations were more likely to be overweight than rural ones (odds ratio (OR) = 1.79), white-collar workers were more likely to be overweight than manual labourers (OR = 1.95) and persons in the top level of food expenditures were more likely to be overweight than persons in the bottom level (OR = 4.96) after adjustment for other factors. Education was inversely associated with overweight after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION: Economic growth and improved standard of living are associated with higher rates of overweight in nations in early stages of economic development. In Vietnam, higher rates of overweight were observed among the higher income and occupation groups.  相似文献   

Use of diet and body condition assessments as intermediate indicators of translocation success in the Critically Endangered Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis)     

Joseph C. Brown  Matthew H. Shirley  Amante Yog-yog  Merlijn van Weerd  Marites G. Balbas  Bernard A. Tarun  Cameron D. Siler 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(10):2817-2829

1. Intermediate metrics of translocation success are useful for long-lived, slow to mature species where survival and reproduction happen over decades.
2. With fewer than 150 individuals in the wild, the Critically Endangered Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis) is one of the most threatened species on Earth. This study presents the first analysis of diet and body condition of wild Philippine crocodiles and headstarted (i.e. captive-reared) individuals released into the wild over the last decade, and uses these results to show how diet and body condition can be pertinent intermediate metrics of translocation success.
3. Analyses of stomach contents revealed 17 different aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate and vertebrate prey species. Interestingly, 70% of Philippine crocodiles showed snails to be the predominent prey type, followed by fish (36.7%), birds (33.3%) and reptiles (33.3%). More than 50% of crocodiles consumed the invasive golden apple snail, a leading agricultural pest. Regardless of crocodile history (wild vs. headstarted) or size class (juvenile vs. adult), no evidence was found for dietary differences in percentage occurrence, percentage composition or prey diversity.
4. Body condition was significantly higher in wild compared with headstarted individuals when analysed together in a pooled group, although neither group differed significantly from the standardized expectation, and headstarted individuals were not significantly different when body condition was derived independently for the two groups.
5. This study provides a working example of how assessing the convergence of diet and body condition between translocated and wild individuals can provide complementary monitoring parameters to demonstrate post-release establishment of translocated crocodylians. The congruent dietary composition and comparable body condition observed in this study suggest that headstarted crocodiles adapt well following release.
6. Crocodylus mindorensis survives in an agricultural landscape and is likely to play an ecologically important role by exploiting invasive species, reinforcing the importance of this species to local communities.

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