Use of state‐space modelling to identify ecological covariates associated with trends in pinniped demography     

Marjolaine Caillat  Line Cordes  Paul Thompson  Jason Matthiopoulos  Sophie Smout 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(Z1):101-118

Recessive Genes for Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei in Barley     

Chen X  Line RF 《Phytopathology》1999,89(3):226-232

ABSTRACT Barley genotypes Abyssinian 14, BBA 2890, Grannelose Zweizeilige, PI 548708, PI 548734, PI 548747, and Stauffers Obersulzer are resistant to all races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei identified thus far in North America. Astrix, BBA 809, Bigo, Cambrinus, Emir, Heils Franken, Hiproly, I5, Mazurka, Trumpf, and Varunda have specific resistance to certain races, whereas Topper and Steptoe are susceptible to all races. Seedlings of parents and F(1), F(2), and F(3) progeny from crosses of resistant genotypes with Topper and Steptoe were tested for resistance to North American P. striiformis f. sp. hordei races PSH-1, PSH-4, PSH-10, PSH-13, and PSH-20. When tested with PSH-1, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 809, BBA 2890, Bigo, Hiproly, and Grannelose Zweizeilige; two recessive genes were detected in Emir, I5, PI 548708, PI 548734, PI 548747, Varunda, and Astrix; and one dominant gene and one recessive gene were detected in Abyssinian 14 and Stauffers Obersulzer. In tests with PSH-4, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 809, two recessive genes were detected in Trumpf, and two partially recessive genes were detected in Astrix. In tests with PSH-13, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 2890, Grannelose Zweizeilige, I5, and PI 548708 and two recessive genes were detected in Abyssinian 14, Hiproly, PI 548734, and PI 548747. In tests with PSH-20, one recessive gene was detected in Bigo and a recessive gene and a dominant gene were detected in Heils Franken. A gene in Cambrinus for resistance to PSH-10 and a gene in Mazurka for resistance to PSH-20 were dominant on the basis of the response of the first seedling leaf but recessive on the basis of the response of the second leaf. Four different types of epistasis were detected. Information on the number of genes, mode of inheritance, and nonallelic gene interactions should be useful in understanding the host-pathogen interaction and in breeding barley for resistance to stripe rust.  相似文献   

γ-Amino Butyric Acid Control of Arginine Vasopressin Release from the Ewe Hypothalamus In Vitro: Sensitivity to Oestradiol     

SPS Ghuman  S Prabhakar  RF Smith  H Dobson 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(5):527-535

The present study aims to ascertain the influence of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)(A or B) receptors on arginine vasopressin (AVP) release in vitro and determine whether E(2) modulates GABA-AVP interaction. Within 10 min of ewe killing, saggital midline hypothalamic slices (from the anterior preoptic area to the mediobasal hypothalamus along with the median eminence, 2-mm thick, two per ewe) were dissected, placed in oxygenated minimum essential media (MEM)-alpha at 4 degrees C and within 2 h were singly perifused at 37 degrees C with oxygenated MEM-alpha (pH 7.4; flow rate 0.15 ml/min), either with or without E(2) (24 pg/ml). After 4-h equilibration, 10-min fractions were collected for 4 h interposed with a 10-min exposure at 60 min to a specific GABA(A or B) receptor agonist or antagonist at various doses (0.1-10 mm). GABA(A) (muscimol; no E(2), n = 7 perifusion chambers, with E(2), n = 11) or GABA(B) (baclofen; no E(2), n = 8, with E(2), n = 15) agonists (10 mm) did not influence AVP concentrations. However, AVP release increased (p < 0.05) 20-30 min after exposure to 10 mm GABA(A or B) antagonists (bicuculline, no E(2), n = 7: from 4.6 +/- 0.7 to 33.0 +/- 0.4, with E(2), n = 17: from 11.9 +/- 1.4 to 32.8 +/- 6.0; CGP52432, with E(2), n = 14: from 14.0 +/- 2.6 to 28.8 +/- 3.9 pg/ml). At the end of the collection period, hypothalamic slices responded to KCl (100 mm) with AVP efflux (p < 0.05). GABA(B) but not GABA(A) antagonist-stimulated AVP release was enhanced in the presence of E(2). In summary, AVP release is under the inhibitory influence of GABA input with further potentiation by E(2) through GABA(B) receptors in vitro.  相似文献   

Stress and Subfertility     

H Dobson  RF Smith 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1998,33(3-4):107-111

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Effect of prepubertal versus postpubertal castration on sexual and aggressive behavior in male horses     

S W Line  B L Hart  L Sanders 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1985,186(3):249-251

Males horses castrated prepubertally occasionally display stallion-like sexual and aggressive behavior as adults. A retrospective survey of 140 horse owners was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of prepubertal versus postpubertal castration on objectionable sexual and aggressive behavior. Of 94 geldings that had been castrated prepubertally (before 2 years of age), 20% to 30% displayed stallion-like sexual behavior and aggression toward horses, and 5% were aggressive toward people in a stallion-like manner. This occurrence of problem behavior was not significantly different from the occurrence of these behavioral patterns in 46 geldings that had been castrated as stallions (over 3 years of age). When castration was examined as a therapeutic measure to eliminate sexual and aggressive behavior in stallions in which the behavior had become objectionable, it was found that the operation was effective on sexual behavior and aggression toward people in 60% to 70% of horses and on aggression toward horses in 40% of horses.  相似文献   

Immunolocalization of Aquaporins 1 and 9 in the Ram Efferent Ducts and Epididymis          下载免费PDF全文

BC Schimming  PFF Pinheiro  R de Matteis  CM Machado  RF Domeniconi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):617-624

Aquaporins (AQPs) are essential membrane protein channels for the transport of water across membranes. Fluid movement in the epididymis is important for modulation of the luminal environment, in which sperm mature and reside. This study was designed to understand the morphology and localization of AQPs in ram efferent ducts (ED) and epididymis. For this purpose, the epididymis of seven animals were removed for histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. AQP1 immunoreactivity was observed in the apex of the ED, and AQP9 was found adjacent to the nuclei of the epithelial cells of the ED. The epithelial lining of ram epididymis is pseudostratified columnar and presents principal, basal, apical and narrow cells. In the initial segment (IS), a moderate reaction for AQP1 was observed in the apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells. An intense reactivity for AQP1 was noted over the microvilli of principal cells and in spermatozoa in the caput. In the corpus and cauda, AQP1 was noted only over the endothelial cells of vascular channels located in intertubular spaces. A weak‐to‐moderate reaction for AQP9 was observed in the nuclei of epithelial cells in the IS, caput and corpus of the epididymis. In the cauda, an intense reaction to AQP9 was observed in the epithelial border. In the IS, caput and corpus, the reactivity for AQP9 differed from those observed in domestic animals. The cauda showed a pattern similar to that previously described. These results indicate that AQPs 1 and 9 have reversed locations and roles in rams, suggesting activity variations related with fluid and solute absorption throughout the epididymis.  相似文献   

Kisspeptin,c‐Fos and CRFR Type 2 Co‐expression in the Hypothalamus after Insulin‐Induced Hypoglycaemia     

C Fergani  JE Routly  DN Jones  LC Pickavance  RF Smith  H Dobson 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(3):433-440

Normal reproductive function is dependent upon availability of glucose and insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia is a metabolic stressor known to disrupt the ovine oestrous cycle. We have recently shown that IIH has the ability to delay the LH surge of intact ewes. In the present study, we examined brain tissue to determine: (i) which hypothalamic regions are activated with respect to IIH and (ii) the effect of IIH on kisspeptin cell activation and CRFR type 2 immunoreactivity, all of which may be involved in disruptive mechanisms. Follicular phases were synchronized with progesterone vaginal pessaries and at 28 h after progesterone withdrawal (PW), animals received saline (n = 6) or insulin (4 IU/kg; n = 5) and were subsequently killed at 31 h after PW (i.e., 3 h after insulin administration). Peripheral hormone concentrations were evaluated, and hypothalamic sections were immunostained for either kisspeptin and c‐Fos (a marker of neuronal activation) or CRFR type 2. Within 3 h of treatment, cortisol concentrations had increased whereas plasma oestradiol concentrations decreased in peripheral plasma (p < 0.05 for both). In the arcuate nucleus (ARC), insulin‐treated ewes had an increased expression of c‐Fos. Furthermore, the percentage of kisspeptin cells co‐expressing c‐Fos increased in the ARC (from 11 to 51%; p < 0.05), but there was no change in the medial pre‐optic area (mPOA; 14 vs 19%). CRFR type 2 expression in the lower part of the ARC and the median eminence was not altered by insulin treatment. Thus, disruption of the LH surge after IIH in the follicular phase is not associated with decreased kisspeptin cell activation or an increase in CRFR type 2 in the ARC but may involve other cell types located in the ARC nucleus which are activated in response to IIH.  相似文献   

Ash and biochar amendment of coarse sandy soil for growing crops under drought conditions     

Esben W. Bruun  Dorette Müller-Stöver  Betina Nørgaard Pedersen  Line Vinther Hansen  Carsten Tilbæk Petersen 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(2):1280-1292

Appropriate soil amendments may increase plant available water and crop yields on coarse sandy soils under drought conditions. In this study, we applied straw ash or straw biochar from gasification to a Danish coarse sandy subsoil to assess the effects on soil water retention, evapotranspiration and crop yields. Spring barley (2016, 2017) and winter wheat (2018) were grown over three years in columns containing 25cm of organic matter-rich topsoil, 80 cm of amended coarse sandy soil (1.5%, 3%, 6% wt. ash or 1% wt. biochar or control soil) and 45 cm of un-amended subsoil. Precipitation, evaporative demands and soil moisture were recorded across the growth seasons, with 2018 having severe drought conditions. This year evapotranspiration levels increased with increasing ash and biochar content (by 54% and 33% for the 6% ash- and 1% biochar-amended soils, respectively), and plant dry matter increased by 18% in both the 1% biochar- and 6% ash-treated soils compared to the untreated control. A linear relationship was established between in situ field capacity and ash dosage (R² = .96), showing an increase of 2.2% per percentage (wt.) of ash added, while the 1% biochar treatment increased the capacity by 3.5%, indicating a higher efficiency than for ash. However, we did not find significant positive effects on grain yields. The results show that ash and biochar have the potential to significantly increase soil water retention, evapotranspiration and total dry matter yield in drought conditions, but that this may not correspond to an increase in grain yield.  相似文献   

Testing fertilizer, gypsum, planting season and varieties of wild leek (Allium tricoccum) in forest farming system     

Antoine Bernatchez  Julie Bussières  Line Lapointe 《Agroforestry Systems》2013,87(5):977-991

Wild leek (Allium tricoccum) is an edible spring ephemeral of the eastern deciduous forests of North America that takes advantage of the short period of high light conditions between snowmelt and canopy closure to accumulate the carbon required to complete its annual growth and seed production. In Québec (Canada), this slow-growing species has been subjected to great harvesting pressure, which forced the provincial government to ban commercial harvest and sales in 1995. An illegal market has since developed and the plant is still under threat. Conservation of existing natural populations might be possible through commercial production of wild leek. To investigate this possibility, we set up plots in four sugar maple forest stands where different organic fertilizer and gypsum (0 or 3,000 kg ha^?1) applications were tested, together with two wild leek varieties, and bulb planting season. The two varieties, tricoccum and burdickii, despite morphological differences, are both suitable for cultivation. Planting bulbs in the spring seems more advantageous than in autumn, but these results will need to be confirmed. Fertilized plants exhibited better growth the year following transplantation than did non-fertilized plants. Belowground:aboveground biomass ratios indicated that plants receiving more fertilizer produced larger bulbs, but leaf size did not differ statistically. According to leaf nutrient analysis, fertilizers would need to be applied each year, whereas gypsum (as a calcium source) can be applied less frequently. Our results indicated a high potential for wild leek as a forest crop, at least when the bulbs are planted.  相似文献   

Platelet function in dogs: breed differences and effect of acetylsalicylic acid administration     

Nielsen LA  Zois NE  Pedersen HD  Olsen LH  Tarnow I 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2007,36(3):267-273

BACKGROUND: Clinical studies investigating platelet function in dogs have had conflicting results that may be caused by normal physiologic variation in platelet response to agonists. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate platelet function in clinically healthy dogs of 4 different breeds by whole-blood aggregometry and with a point-of-care platelet function analyzer (PFA-100), and to evaluate the effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) administration on the results from both methods. METHODS: Forty-five clinically healthy dogs (12 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels [CKCS], 12 Cairn Terriers, 10 Boxers, and 11 Labrador Retrievers) were included in the study. Platelet function was assessed by whole-blood aggregation with ADP (1, 5, 10, and 20 microM) as agonist and by PFA-100 using collagen and epinephrine (Col + Epi) and Col + ADP as agonists. Plasma thromboxane B(2) concentration was determined by an enzyme immunoassay. To investigate the effect of ASA, 10 dogs were dosed daily (75 or 250 mg ASA orally) for 4 consecutive days. RESULTS: A higher platelet aggregation response was found in CKCS compared to the other breeds. Longer PFA-100 closure time (Col + Epi) was found in Cairn Terriers compared to Boxers. Plasma thromboxane B(2) concentration was not statistically different between groups. Administration of ASA prolonged the PFA-100 closure times, using Col + Epi (but not Col + ADP) as agonists. Furthermore, ASA resulted in a decrease in whole-blood platelet aggregation. CONCLUSIONS: Platelet function is influenced by breed, depending upon the methodology applied. However, the importance of these breed differences remains to be investigated. The PFA-100 method with Col + Epi as agonists, and ADP-induced platelet aggregation appear to be sensitive to ASA in dogs.  相似文献