Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli from swine, horses, dogs and cats as determined in the BfT-GermVet monitoring program 2004-2006     

Grobbel M  Lübke-Becker A  Alesík E  Schwarz S  Wallmann J  Werckenthin C  Wieler LH 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,120(9-10):391-401

A total of 417 isolates of Escherichia coli collected from five animal species/organ system combinations from swine [urinary/genital tract (UGT) incl. mastitis metritis agalactia syndrome], horses [genital tract (GT)] and dogs/cats [respiratory tract (RT), UGT and gastrointestinal tract (GIT)] were analysed quantitatively for their susceptibility against different antimicrobial agents by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. Regardless of which animal species the strains originated from, resistance appeared most frequently against sulfamethoxazole (18-59%), tetracycline (14-54 %), and ampicillin (14-39%). High percentages of intermediate isolates were observed for cephalothin (39-46 %). In general, low prevalences of resistance were detected for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (1-4%), gentamicin (1-9%), and cefazolin (0-11%). Generally speaking, the antimicrobial resistance situation among E. coli isolates from horses and small animals is relatively good.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica from dogs and cats as determined in the BfT-GermVet monitoring program 2004-2006     

Schwarz S  Alesík E  Grobbel M  Lübke-Becker A  Werckenthin C  Wieler LH  Wallmann J 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,120(9-10):423-430

A total of 92 canine/feline Pasteurella multocida strains form respiratory tract infections or infections of skin/ear/mouth as well as 42 canine/feline Bordetella bronchiseptica strains from respiratory tract infections were investigated for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. While the P. multocida strains were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested - except sulfonamides -, a considerable number of the B. bronchiseptica strains was resistant or exhibited high MIC values against a number of antimicrobial agents including penicillin G, oxacillin, cefazolin, ceftiofur, cefquinome, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.  相似文献   

Influence of regional-scale soil heterogeneity and land use on water discharge formation in the “Stettiner Haff” catchment in North-East Germany     

Dr Uwe Schindler  Joerg Steidl  Lothar Mueller 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(1):63-73

Abstract

The influence of regional soil distribution and land use on discharge formation in the “Stettiner Haff” catchment (8,456 km²) was investigated. The model ABIMO was used to calculate mean discharge for a long period (1961 – 1990) in consideration of regional differences in hydrological site conditions and soil heterogeneity. The highest discharge was found on settlement areas (276 mm a^?1), on devastated plots (319 mm a^?1) and on the non-hydromorphic agriculturally used sandy soils (214 mm a^?1). Due to their small size these sub-areas were found to influence regional discharge for a limited extent only. On loam and clay soils only about 100 mm a^?1 of discharge was formed. However, this share proved to be most important for the height of regional discharge because of the high area proportion in the region. Mineral soils of comparable parent material produce lower discharge under hydromorphic conditions than under non-hydromorphic conditions. With increasing clay content of the soils these differences decreased. The agriculturally used areas were found to be most important for the region's water discharge. They accounted for 83% of the discharge, i.e. they originated 119 mm a^?1 on average. At forest sites, the discharge height was about 52 mm a^?1. Sites close to groundwater table (groundwater level <1 m) proved to act as depletive areas.  相似文献   

Enhanced metabolism causes reduced flufenacet sensitivity in black‐grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) field populations     

Rebecka Dücker  Peter Zllner  Evlampia Parcharidou  Susanne Ries  Lothar Lorentz  Roland Beffa 《Pest management science》2019,75(11):2996-3004

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Ertragsreaktionen von Zuckerrüben in den internationalen organischen Stickstoffdauerdün‐Gungsversuchen (IOSDV) Rauischholzhausen und Wrocław‐Swojec     

Bernd Honermeier  Lothar Behle‐Schalk  Leslaw Zimny  Roman Sniady  Dariusz Malak 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(5-6):459-471

Gegenstand der Untersuchungen sind zwei Dauerfeldversuche, die im Jahr 1984 in Rauischholzhausen (Deutschland) und im Jahr 1996 in Wroc?aw‐Swqjec (Polen) mit vergleichbarer Methode und Zielstellung angelegt wurden. Ausgewertet wurden hier die Zuckerrübenerträge im Mittel der dreijährigen Rotation der Jahre 1997–1999 in Abhängigkeit von organischen und mineralischen Düngungsmaßnahmen. Die erzielten Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung der organischen Düngung für die Ertragssicherung im Zuckerrübenanbau. Die untersuchten organischen Dünger Stalldung, Stroh und Biokompost verbesserten die Ertragswirksamkeit mineralischer N‐Gaben.

Die ertragssteigernde Wirkung organischer Dünger war bei fehlender oder niedriger mineralischer N‐Düngung größer als bei hohen N‐Gaben. Auf stark lehmigem Sandboden (Wrozlaw) wurden höhere Ertragseffekte erzielt als auf schwerem Lehmboden (Rauischholzhausen). Die Blatterträge wurden durch die angewendeten Düngungsmaßnahmen stärker beeinflußt als die Rübenerträge. Stroh und Biokompost zeigten die gleichen Ertragseffekte wie Stalldung.  相似文献   

The diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency in young lambs     

K G Hogan  P P Lorentz  F M Gibb 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1973,21(11):234-237

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The occurrence of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes in lower Saxony: identification of a high risk area by spatial epidemiological cluster analysis     

Berke O  von Keyserlingk M  Broll S  Kreienbrock L 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2002,115(11-12):428-434

There is considerable interest in the spatial distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.), because this parasite causes the zoonoses of alveolar echinococcosis which is potentially of high fatality rate. High risk areas are known from France, Switzerland and the Swabian Alb in Germany for a long time. In this work, the spatial scan statistic is introduced as an instrument for identification and localisation of high risk areas, so called disease clusters in spatial epidemiology. The use of the spatial scan statistic along with data about the distribution of the parasite in 5365 red foxes in Lower Saxony, that were collected during 1991 to 1997, led to the identification of another high risk area. The relative risk for this disease cluster is approximated by RR = 5.03 (CI0.95(RR) = [4.27; 6.58]) for the period of 1991 to 1994 and by RR = 4.45 (CI0.95(RR) = [3.53; 5.59]) for the period of 1994 to 1997, respectively.  相似文献   

Mechanical perturbation affects conductivity, mechanical properties and aboveground biomass of hybrid poplars     

Kern KA  Ewers FW  Telewski FW  Koehler L 《Tree physiology》2005,25(10):1243-1251

Xylem development in trees is affected by dynamic mechanical stresses imposed on stems by wind. To assess clonal differences in response to mechanical perturbation (MP), we subjected seven greenhouse-grown F1 hybrids of Populus trichocarpa Torr. and A. Gray. x P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. to a standard MP treatment consisting of 20 manually imposed stem flexures per day for 70-90 days. Effects of MP on aboveground biomass, hydraulic conductivity (k(h)), specific conductivity (k(s)), flexural stiffness (EI), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were determined. Treatment increased stem radial growth and decreased height growth, leaf area and total aboveground biomass. It also significantly decreased k(s), MOE and MOR, but significantly increased EI and wood specific gravity in most clones. Mechanical perturbation caused greater stem rigidity, without having a significant effect on whole-stem k(h) or percent loss of conductivity due to embolism. Maximum k(h) was positively correlated with EI in both control (r(2) = 0.54, P < 0.0001) and MP-treated (r(2) = 0.61, P < 0.0001) plants, and k(s) and MOE were positively correlated with percent vessel lumen area (r(2) = 0.45, P < 0.0001 and r(2) = 0.28, P = 0.002, respectively). Thus, contrary to our expectation of a trade-off between conductivity and wood strength, there may be an opportunity to select clones for woody biomass production that are superior in both mechanical strength and hydraulic conductivity, as is the triploid Clone 19-61.  相似文献   

Properties and composition of soil organic matter in forest and arable soils of schleswig-holstein. 2. litter and humic compounds in mineral horizons     

Lothar Beyer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1996,159(1):61-68

Organic matter composition is an important soil constituent with regard to function in soil ecosystems. In the recent paper litter and humic compound contents from about 100 mineral soil investigations are presented. The soil horizons are divided into four groups (Ah, Ap, M. Bh) in order to compare the SOM quality. Ap and Ah horizons showed a similar litter and humic compound distribution. Structural differences in the humic compound fractions were only visible with CPMAS ¹³C-NMR. SOM-containing non-spodic subsoil horizons had a similar SOM quality as the A horizons. In the Bh horizons the humic compounds dominated with about 75% in the SOM. Alkylic and O-alkylic carbon units are the main fractions. The combination of the solid-state ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy of whole soil samples and the wet chemical analysis of litter compounds allowed the estimation of the liner and chemically defined humic compound distribution in soil samples.  相似文献   

Controlling factors of sheet erosion under degraded grasslands in the sloping lands of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. DlaminiC. Orchard  G. JewittS. Lorentz  L. TitshallV. Chaplot 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(11):1711-1718

The current increase in the global demand for food and fresh water and the associated land use changes or misuses exacerbate water erosion which has become a major threat to the sustainability of the soil and water resources. Soil erosion by rainfall and runoff is a natural and geologic phenomenon, and one of the most important components of the global geochemical cycle.Despite numerous studies on crop lands, there is still a need to quantify soil sheet erosion (an erosion form that uniformly removes fertile upper soil horizons) under grasslands and to assess the factors of the environment that control its spatial variation. For that purpose, fifteen 1 m² micro-plots installed within a 23 ha catchment under pasture in the sloping lands of KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) were monitored during the 2007-2008 rainy season to evaluate runoff (R) and sediment losses (SL). Soil losses computed from the 37 rainfall events with soil erosion averaged 6.45 ton ha⁻¹ year⁻¹with values from 3 to 13 ton ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. SL were significantly correlated with the proportion of soil surface coverage by the vegetation (P < 0.01) whereas the slope gradient, and soil characteristics such as bulk density or clay content were not correlated. R and SL increased as the proportion of soil surface coverage decreased and this trend was used to predict the spatial variations of sheet erosion over the 23 ha catchment. Greater sheet erosion occurred at the catchment plateau and at the vicinity of gully head cuts probably in relation to regressive erosion. Mitigating sheet erosion would require an appropriate management of the soil cover through appropriate management of cattle grazing, especially at places where “natural” erosion is likely to occur.  相似文献