Fertility of dairy cows in Northern Ireland     

Mayne CS  McCoy MA  Lennox SD  Mackey DR  Verner M  Catney DC  McCaughey WJ  Wylie AR  Kennedy BW  Gordon FJ 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(23):707-713

A comprehensive database was established on the milk production and reproductive performance of dairy cows in 19 selected herds in Northern Ireland, varying in size, management system and genetic merit. Data were obtained for 2471 cows, 1775 of which calved in a second year, and 693 were culled from the herd for specific reasons. The estimated mean rate of heat detection (assessed by the interheat interval during the main breeding season) in all the herds was 71 per cent, with a range from 53 to 92 per cent The average conception rate to first insemination was 37.1 per cent (range 21 to 66 per cent). The average calving interval for the retained cows was 407.2 days (range 359 to 448 days). Twenty-eight per cent of the cows that calved were culled, with infertility being the largest single reason (26.8 per cent of the cows culled). There were major differences in reproductive performance between the herds, but heat detection rate, conception rate and calving interval did not appear to be affeded by a herd's genetic merit. The herds with shorter calving intervals were characterised by better heat detection efficiency (83 v 61 per cent, P<0.01), a shorter interval from calving to first insemination (74 v 97 days; P<0.05), a higher conception rate to first insemination (45 v 34 per cent, P>0.10) and a lower removal rate (23 v 37 per cent, P<0.01). Furthermore, the cows in these herds had lower body condition scores (BCS) in the dry period (3.0 v 3.3; P<0.05) but lost less body condition in early lactation (0.3 v 0.6 BCS units, P<0.05). These results show that dairy herd fertility in Northern Ireland is generally low and similar to that previously reported for England and the USA, but that in some herds changes in herd management practices improved the cows' fertility.  相似文献   

Phosphofructokinase and Malate Dehydrogenase Participate in the In Vitro Maturation of Porcine Oocytes     

E Breininger  BE Vecchi Galenda  GM Alvarez  C Gutnisky  PD Cetica 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):1068-1073

Oocyte maturation depends on the metabolic activity of cumulus–oocyte complex (COC) that performs nutritive and regulatory functions during this process. In this work, the enzymes [phosphofructokinase (PFK) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH)] were tested to elucidate the metabolic profile of porcine COCs during the in vitro maturation (IVM). Enzymatic activity was expressed in U/COC and U/mg protein (specific activity) as mean ± SEM. In vitro maturation was performed with 2‐oxoglutarate (5, 10 and 20 mm ) or hydroxymalonate (30, 60 and 100 mm ) inhibitors of PFK and MDH, respectively. The PFK and MDH activities (U) remained constant during maturation. For PFK, the U were (2.48 ± 0.23) 10^?5 and (2.54 ± 0.32) 10^?5, and for MDH, the U were (4.72 ± 0.42) 10^?5 and (4.38 ± 0.25) 10^?5 for immature and in vitro matured COCs, respectively. The specific activities were significantly lower after IVM, for PFK (4.29 ± 0.48) 10^?3 and (0.94 ± 0.12) 10^?3, and for MDH (9.08 ± 0.93) 10^?3 and (1.89 ± 0.10) 10^?3 for immature and in vitro matured COCs, respectively. In vitro maturation percentages and enzymatic activity diminished with 20 mm 2‐oxoglutarate or 60 mm hydroxymalonate (p < 0.05). Viability was not affected by any concentration of the inhibitors evaluated. The U remained unchanged during IVM; however, the increase in the total protein content per COC provoked a decrease in the specific activity of both enzymes. Phosphofructokinase and MDH necessary for oocyte IVM would be already present in the immature oocyte. The presence of inhibitors of these enzymes impairs the meiotic maturation. Therefore, the participation of these enzymes in the energy metabolism of the porcine oocyte during IVM is confirmed in this study.  相似文献   

Assessing the representativeness of the wet tropics of Queensland world heritage property     

B. G. Mackey  H. A. Nix  J. A. Stein  S. E. Cork

  F. T. Bullen 《Biological conservation》1989,50(1-4):279-303

An assessment is made of the representativeness of the Wet Tropics World Heritage property of north-east Queensland, Australia. The relevance of this feature to the World Heritage criteria is discussed. Computer-based spatial data sets are used to provide a sample of the distribution of key environmental factors at both continental and regional scales. Numerical classification techniques are applied to generate environmental groups from pattens in the distribution of these environmental factors. An evaluation is presented of the representation of these groups within the World Heritage property, in the context of present and potential tropical forest cover.  相似文献   

Volatile emissions of navel oranges as predictors of freeze damage     

Obenland DM  Aung LH  Bridges DL  Mackey BE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(11):3367-3371

Volatile emissions of navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Washington) fruit were evaluated as a means for predicting and gauging freeze damage. The fruits were subjected to -5 or -7 degrees C treatments in a laboratory freezer for various time periods of 2-9.5 h and stored at 23 degrees C for 1, 2, or 7 days, after which time the emission of volatiles from the fruit was measured. Following the final day of volatile measurements the fruits were stored at 5 degrees C for an additional 2-3 weeks and then evaluated for fruit quality characteristics. Peel injury in the form of brown lesions, drying of the juice vesicles, a decline in acidity, and a loss of flavor were observed to occur as a result of freezing. Corresponding to the loss in fruit quality were large increases in the emissions of ethanol, ethyl butanoate, methyl hexanoate, and ethyl octanoate. With the exception of methyl hexanoate, for which volatile emissions decreased during storage for 7 days at 23 degrees C, all of the other volatiles were relatively unchanged in amount by storage. Treatment at -7 degrees C caused greater injury, quality loss, and more volatile emanation than did freezing at -5 degrees C. The measurement of volatile emissions appears to be a useful approach to identify freeze-damaged navel oranges.  相似文献   

Infectivity and virulence of Australian strains of Moraxella bovis for the murine and bovine eye in relation to pilus serogroup sub-unit size and degree of piliation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

AWD LEPPER  BE POWER 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(10):305-309

The degree of piliation of 29 haemolytic and 4 non-haemolytic Australian strains of Moraxella bovis representing 7 different pilus antigen groups was determined. The infectivity and virulence for the eye was measured in steroid-treated mice and in cattle. Non-piliated strains failed to infect the murine eye. Most moderately or heavily piliated strains reproducibly produced the highest infectivity and virulence scores in mice when compared with lightly or very lightly piliated strains (p less than 0.05). Non-haemolytic, piliated strains were infective and in one instance virulent for mice. Almost similar levels of infectivity and virulence were observed for 7 representative haemolytic strains tested in both cattle and mice. The relative molecular weight of pilin sub-units was compared using sodium dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three classes of pili, alpha, beta and gamma of ascending sub-unit size were identified among the 7 pilus antigen serogroups. Pilin sub-unit size bore no relationship to the degree of piliation but most strains that were highly virulent in mice and cattle expressed alpha and gamma sub-units. Some strains appeared capable of switching from alpha to beta or form beta to gamma sub-unit production.  相似文献   

Joseph Oscar Wilhelm: 1899-1953     

Mackey WJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1954,119(3090):367

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Debilitation and mortality associated with besnoitiosis in four Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana)     

Ellis AE  Mackey E  Moore PA  Divers SJ  Hensel P  Carmichael KP  Accola P  Brown J  Gottdenker N  Keel MK  Shock BC  Yabsley MJ 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2012,43(2):367-374

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Effect of butorphanol administration on cardiovascular parameters in isoflurane-anesthetized horses - a retrospective clinical evaluation.     

Erik H Hofmeister  Elizabeth B Mackey  Cynthia M Trim 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2008,35(1):38-44

OBJECTIVE: To determine cardiovascular responses to administration of butorphanol in isoflurane-anesthetized horses. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation of anesthetic records. ANIMALS: Seventy-six horses anesthetized for a variety of clinical surgical procedures. METHODS: Anesthetic records of clinical equine patients anesthetized between January 1999 and December 2003 were searched. The records were reviewed for horses in which anesthesia was induced with ketamine and a benzodiazepine and maintained with isoflurane, and horses that received butorphanol intraoperatively. Exclusion criteria included horses in which the rate of infusion of an inotrope or end-tidal isoflurane concentration was changed 10 minutes before or after the butorphanol bolus. The horses were separated into two groups: group 1 horses received butorphanol at intervals as part of a balanced protocol, group 2 horses had > or = 10% increase in heart rate (HR) or blood pressure within 10 minutes prior to butorphanol administration. RESULTS: Eighty-nine butorphanol administration events matched the criteria for inclusion, 49 in group 1 and 40 in group 2. There were no significant changes after butorphanol administration in systolic arterial pressure (SAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and heart rate (HR) in group 1, or in end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration or hemoglobin oxygen saturation in either group. There were significant decreases in SAP (p < 0.0001), MAP (p < 0.0005), and DAP (p < 0.0008) after butorphanol administration in group 2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results presented here confirm that butorphanol can be administered to horses during isoflurane anesthesia without adverse effects on HR and arterial blood pressure. The results imply that butorphanol can deepen the plane of anesthesia and obtund sympathetic stimulation from a surgical procedure.  相似文献   

Heat Shock Protein 70 and Sex Steroid Receptors in the Follicular Structures of Induced Ovarian Cysts     

NR Salvetti  C Baravalle  GA Mira  EJ Gimeno  BE Dallard  F Rey  HH Ortega 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(5):805-814

The purpose of this study was to estimate the expression and relative amounts of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) and their isoforms as well as heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in ovaries of rats with induced cystic ovarian disease (COD). Primary, secondary, tertiary, atretic and cystic follicles were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and total ovarian proteins were analyzed by Western blot. In the granulosa layer, growing and cystic follicles in the treated group have a higher expression of ERα than growing follicles of control individuals. In the theca interna layer, tertiary follicles presented a significantly higher expression of ERα in the treated group. An increase in total ERα protein was detected in the treated group. Granulosa cells of all growing, atretic and cystic follicles show a lower expression of ERβ in animals with COD, and the total protein expression of ERβ was lower in this group. The expression of PR was lower in the granulosa cell layer of tertiary and cystic follicles in treated animals, and theca interna layer had less intense immunostaining in this group. Although there were no differences in the expression of PR-B by Western blotting, the expression of PR-A was higher and the expression of PR-C was smaller in the treated group. An intense HSP70 immunostaining was observed in the cells of cystic follicles. By Western blotting, higher protein expression of HSP70 was detected in the ovarian samples of the control group than those of the treated ones. Ovaries of animals with COD exhibited an altered steroid receptor expression and subtype balance as compared with control animals, and an increase in HSP70 immunoexpression.  相似文献   

Effect of cooking on microbiological flora of selected fresh,frozen and dehydrated potatoes     

Carmen E. Phillips  Andrea C. Mackey  Bruce A. Hauser 《American Journal of Potato Research》1966,43(9):315-322

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