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Edgar G. GUTIÉRREZ Isabela VIVAS-TORO Daniela CARMONA-RUÍZ David VILLALOBOS-CHAVES Bernal RODRÍGUEZ-HERRERA Melina Del REAL-MONROY Gloria LEÓN-AVILA Jorge ORTEGA 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(5):646-658
Ectophylla alba is a tent-making bat that roosts in mixed-sex clusters comprising adults and offspring. Our goal was to determine the genetic identity of individuals belonging to different roosting groups. We tested the hypothesis of kin selection as a major force structuring group composition. We used 9 microsatellites designed for E. alba to determine the genetic identity and probability of parentage of individuals. We analyzed parentage and kinship using the software ML-Relate, GenAIEx, and Cervus. The obtained relationship probabilities (0.5) revealed a clear maternal relationship between female adults and offspring with allele compatibility, and at least 5 relationships between male adults and pups. We found a low degree of relatedness within roosting groups. Between roosting groups at different sites, the mean probability of a half-sibling relationship ranged from 0.214 to 0.244 and, for full-sibling relationship, from 0.383 to 0.553. Genetically, adult individuals were poorly related within clusters, and kinship as an evolutionary force could not explain group membership. 相似文献
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Interspecific hybrids and amphiploids between Aegilops caudata L. (2n = 2x = 14, CC) and Triticum turgidum (L.) Thell. conv. durum Desf M. K. (2n = 4x = 28, AABB) were produced. Such hybrids can be used to introduce desirable traits such as disease resistance into cultivated durum wheats. One of the durum parents was a ph I mutation of the cv. ‘Cappelli’ used for testing the possibility of direct introduction of alien variation into cultivated species. The amphiploids were obtained both through colchicine chromosome doubling and as natural non-reductional mciosis products. In both hybrids and amphiploids, meiotic pairing and fertility were studied. Hybrids showed varying degrees of pairing and, in addition to the one involving the ph 1 mutant, one high pairing hybrid was found (Ae. caudata× cv. ‘Capinera’). Cytological examination of microsporogenesis in amphiploids revealed a high frequency of bivalent formation. Fertility proved to be a very variable character since some of the amphiploids were almost completely sterile. The use of amphiploids in breeding programmes is discussed in relation to meiotic and fertility data. 相似文献
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Flanking sequences of the puroindoline a(pinA) and puroindoline b (pinB) genes from Triticum monococcum, T. urartu, Aegilops speltoides and A. tauschii were obtained by inverse PCR. Two accessions from each of these related diploid taxa were sequenced, and the sequences compared
to those of the soft hexaploid wheat cultivar `Penawawa'. As expected from the origin of the D-genome in hexaploid wheat,
the highest sequence identity was observed for the A. tauschii sequences, whereas the sequences for A.speltoides were the most divergent. The promoter sequences were further analyzed for putative regulatory elements, and the possible
significance of several highly conserved sequence motifs is discussed. Western blots of Triton X-114 extracted proteins separated
by SDS-PAGE confirmed the accumulation of pinA and pinB gene products in the endosperm of all the germplasm lines studied. The deduced amino acid sequences for the related diploid
taxa do not imply any major structural changes as compared to the wild-type T. aestivum puroindolines, and is therefore in agreement with the soft endosperm texture of these species.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Simeone R Misztal I Aguilar I Vitezica ZG 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2012,129(1):3-10
Effects on prediction of analysing a multi-line chicken population as one line were evaluated. Body weight records were provided by Cobb-Vantress for two lines of broiler chickens. Phenotypic records for 183 695 and 164 149 broilers and genotypic records for 3195 and 3001 broilers were available for each line. Lines were combined to create a multi-line population and analysed using a single-step procedure combining the additive relationship matrix and the genomic relationship matrix (G). G was scaled using allele frequencies from each line, the multi-line population, or 0.5. When allele frequencies were calculated from each line, distributions of diagonal elements were bimodal. When allele frequencies were calculated from the multi-line population, the distribution of diagonal elements had one peak. When allele frequency 0.5 was used, the distribution was bimodal. Genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) were predicted using each allele frequency. GEBVs differed with allele frequency but had ≥ 0.99 correlations with GEBVs predicted with correct allele frequencies. Means of each line and differences in mean between the lines differed based on allele frequencies. Assumed allele frequencies have little impact on ranking within line but larger impact on ranking across lines. G may be used to evaluate multiple populations simultaneously but must be adjusted to obtain properly scaled estimates when population structure is unknown. 相似文献
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E. R. Campagnolo M. E. Moll K. Tuhacek A. J. Simeone W. S. Miller K. O. Waller O. Simwale J. T. Rankin S. M. Ostroff 《Zoonoses and public health》2013,60(2):117-124
We report a fall 2010 cluster of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 (pH1N1) infections in pet ferrets in Lehigh Valley region of Pennsylvania. The ferrets were associated with one pet shop. The influenza cluster occurred during a period when the existing human surveillance systems had identified little to no pH1N1 in humans in the Lehigh Valley, and there were no routine influenza surveillance systems for exotic pets. The index case was a 2.5‐month‐old neutered male ferret that was presented to a veterinary clinic with severe influenza‐like illness (ILI). In response to laboratory notification of a positive influenza test result, and upon request from the Pennsylvania Department of Health (PADOH), the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (PDA) conducted an investigation to identify other ill ferrets and to identify the source and extent of infection. PDA notified the PADOH of the pH1N1 infection in the ferrets, leading to enhanced human surveillance and the detection of pH1N1 human infections in the surrounding community. Five additional ferrets with ILI linked to the pet shop were identified. This simultaneous outbreak of ferret and human pH1N1 demonstrates the important link between animal health and public health and highlights the potential use of veterinary clinics for sentinel surveillance of diseases shared between animals and humans. 相似文献
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Viridiana Peraza-Gómez Antonio Luna-González Ángel I Campa-Córdova Melina López-Meyer Jesús A Fierro-Coronado & Píndaro Álvarez-Ruiz 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(13):1481-1489
The protective effect of a probiotic mixture (PM) and antiviral plants, against the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Litopenaeus vannamei , was evaluated in three experiments. The PM was composed of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and one yeast strain. The plant mixture was composed of Ocimum sanctum and commercial antiviral plants (VPH® , HSV® ). Shrimp in each experiment (weighing 2.7±0.7, 11.5±1.3, 11.70±2.5 g) were cultured in 120-L plastic tanks and fed twice a day with commercial feed plus additives (plants or bacteria and yeast). Animals were monitored for the occurrence of WSSV by single-step and nested PCR. The PM and powdered antiviral plants added to the commercial feed showed an increase in survival and a decrease in the prevalence of WSSV in shrimp. The results showed that both the PM and the powdered antiviral plants can provide protection for shrimp against WSSV. 相似文献
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Francisco Henrique Nunes da Silva Alves Ana Leticia Rocha Monteiro Isadora Cristófoli Pereira José Cleydson Ferreira da Silva Renan N. D. Almeida Kathryn J. McTavish David S. Guttman Melina Korres Raimundi Ricardo Magela de Souza Mario Lucio Vilela de Resende Jorge Luis Badel 《Plant pathology》2022,71(4):934-948
Foliar spots caused by Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae (Pcg), Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabaci (Pat) and Pseudomonas cichorii (Pch) are major bacterial diseases that can reduce coffee production. However, little is known about the genetic diversity and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity to coffee plants of these bacteria. In this study, genome sequences of Pcg, Pat and Pch strains isolated from coffee plants in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, were used to assess their variability and plasticity, and compare their type III secretion system (T3SS) and apoplastic effector repertoires as well as tabtoxin biosynthetic/detoxification genes. Genomic diversity was found for all three phytopathogens, among which Pch possesses the highest number of exclusive proteins. The Pcg genome is the most stable whereas that of Pch is the most plastic, which is related to their host ranges. When compared with those of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, hrp/hrc gene sequences are more conserved in Pcg and Pat than in Pch, which also possesses the smallest T3SS and the largest apoplastic effector repertoires. The only T3SS effector family common to all three pathogens is AvrE, suggesting that, as for other plant–Pseudomonas interactions, it may play a crucial role for pathogenicity towards coffee plants. Apoplastic proteins associated with maintaining the redox balance and degrading proteins/peptides not previously described as important in plant–bacteria interactions were found. Gain/loss of the tabtoxin biosynthetic cluster with retention of the antitoxin gene was observed, indicating that tabtoxin production is not a limiting factor for the occurrence of mixed infections. 相似文献
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Simeone FA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1963,141(3580):536-542