A histopathological survey of adult bovine terminal ilea     

Hebden JA  Nuttall WO 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1982,30(6):77-78

A histopathological survey of 945 abattoir-derived adult bovine terminal ilea was conducted. All samples showed changes interpreted as chronic enteritis. Sixty-nine percent had glandular epithelium within submucosal Peyer's patches. Thirty-eight percent showed dense focal lymphoid aggregations within the mucosa and twenty-seven percent showed sub-mucosal abscessation and granulomata. Evidence of coccidial and nematode parasitism was common. Four percent had Johne;s disease.  相似文献   

Experimental infection of calves with two strains of bovine virus diarrhoea virus: certain immunological reactions     

Brownlie J  Nuttall PA  Stott EJ  Taylor G  Thomas LH 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1980,1(4):371-378

Certain immunological responses of 4-6 month old calves experimentally inoculated with either cytopathic or non-cytopathic bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) were compared with those of uninfected control calves. The tests used to demonstrate the immunological responses were the transformation of lymphocytes by PHA mitogen, the percentage of lymphocytes with surface immunoglobulin, and the antibody titres induced by an intravenous inoculation of killed Brucella abortus. There were no significant differences between the two groups of calves and therefore, the mild experimental disease produced by BVDV did not appear to affect adversely the immunological response.  相似文献   

Development of Stem-base Pathogens on Different Cultivars of Winter Wheat Determined by Quantitative PCR     

P. Nicholson  A.S. Turner  S.G. Edwards  G.L. Bateman  L.W. Morgan  D.W. Parry  J. Marshall  M. Nuttall 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(2):163-177

The progress of development of stem-base pathogens in crops of second winter wheat was plotted in nine experiments in three years. The amount of each pathogen present was determined by quantitative PCR. Where Tapesia yallundae was present in quantifiable amounts, it usually developed earlier than the other eyespot pathogen, T. acuformis. Both species were usually present in greater amounts on cultivars which are more susceptible to eyespot. The sharp eyespot pathogen, Rhizoctonia cerealis, developed more erratically than either of the Tapesia spp. and there were no consistent effects on different cultivars. Fusarium spp., the cause of brown foot rot, were rarely present in quantifiable amounts, but Microdochium nivale was usually present as one or both of the varieties nivale and majus. Late-season (after anthesis) decreases in M. nivale suggest that any brown foot rot symptoms attributable to this fungus would have fully developed earlier. Cultivar differences in amounts of M. nivale were most clear in stems during internode extension and when relatively large amounts of DNA were present. Such differences approximately reflected eyespot susceptibility, cv. Soissons containing most and cv. Lynx containing least DNA. The results emphasise the difficulty in relating diagnoses, by quantitative PCR or other means, at early growth stages when decisions to apply fungicides against stem-base disease are made, to later disease severity.  相似文献   

Dermatophagoides farinae-specific IgG subclass responses in atopic dogs undergoing allergen-specific immunotherapy     

C. C. Hou  T. J. Nuttall  M. J. Day  P. B. Hill 《Veterinary dermatology》2004,15(S1):5-5

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is thought to be caused by immunologic abnormalities expressed as a Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance in both humans and dogs. Several studies have focused on the therapeutic effects of IFNγ in human AD with successful results; however, the mechanism of action of IFNγ is not fully understood. We investigated the effect of recombinant canine interferon gamma (rCaIFNγ) on 10 dogs with AD and evaluated the ratio of IL-4 mRNA to IFNγ mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, serum total IgE levels, and histological changes in skin. After six injections of rCaIFNγ over a span of 2 weeks, seven of the 10 dogs showed improvement, and six of these seven dogs exhibited decreased IL-4:IFNγ mRNA ratios. Two of the three cases that did not improve had increased IL-4:IFNγ mRNA ratios. Total serum IgE levels were significantly decreased in nine of 10 cases. The number of IgE-positive cells detected by immunostaining and the number of mast cells in skin biopsy samples were decreased. A reduction of epidermal cell layers was demonstrated by histopathology after treatment. These results demonstrated that rCaIFNγ may be a novel safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of canine AD, and the mechanism of action of rCaIFNγ may be related to the modulation of Th2 cytokines to Th1 cytokines with the reduction of serum IgE production.
Funding: Self-funded.  相似文献   

Drivers,challenges and opportunities of forage technology adoption by smallholder cattle households in Cambodia     

K Ashley  S Wilson  JR Young  HP Chan  S Vitou  S Suon  PA Windsor  RD Bush 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(1):63-73

Forage technology has been successfully introduced into smallholder cattle systems in Cambodia as an alternative feed source to the traditional rice straw and native pastures, improving animal nutrition and reducing labour requirements of feeding cattle. Previous research has highlighted the positive impacts of forage technology including improved growth rates of cattle and household time savings. However, further research is required to understand the drivers, challenges and opportunities of forage technology for smallholder cattle households in Cambodia to facilitate widespread adoption and identify areas for further improvement. A survey of forage-growing households (n = 40) in July–September 2016 examined forage technology adoption experiences, including reasons for forage establishment, use of inputs and labour requirements of forage plot maintenance and use of forages (feeding, fattening, sale of grass or seedlings and silage). Time savings was reported as the main driver of forage adoption with household members spending approximately 1 h per day maintaining forages and feeding it to cattle. Water availability was reported as the main challenge to this activity. A small number of households also reported lack of labour, lack of fencing, competition from natural grasses, cost of irrigation and lack of experience as challenges to forage growing. Cattle fattening and sale of cut forage grass and seedlings was not found to be a widespread activity by interviewed households, with 25 and 10% of households reporting use of forages for these activities, respectively. Currently, opportunities exist for these households to better utilise forages through expansion of forage plots and cattle activities, although assistance is required to support these households in addressing current constraints, particularly availability of water, if the sustainability of this feed technology for smallholder cattle household is to be established in Cambodia.  相似文献   

Treatment of the feline atopic syndrome – a systematic review     

Ralf S. Mueller  Tim Nuttall  Christine Prost  Bianka Schulz  Petra Bizikova 《Veterinary dermatology》2021,32(1):43-e8

  相似文献   

Presentation,clinical pathological and post‐mortem findings in three related Scottish terriers with ligneous membranitis          下载免费PDF全文

S. L. Mason  C. Fisher  L. Ressel  N. X. Bommer  L. M. Buckley  T. Nuttall 《The Journal of small animal practice》2016,57(5):271-276

Ligneous conjunctivitis and gingivitis were diagnosed in three related Scottish terrier dogs presented for investigation of severe conjunctivitis and respiratory signs. Hypoplasminogenaemia was confirmed in one of the three affected dogs. Supportive treatment was not effective, and the dogs died or were euthanased because of the disease. Post‐mortem analysis of two of the dogs revealed multiple abnormalities including severe proliferative fibrinous lesions affecting the conjunctiva, gingiva, trachea, larynx and epicardium and multiple fibrous adhesions throughout the thoracic and abdominal cavities. One dog had internal hydrocephalus and lacked a cerebellar vermis. Ligneous membranitis was confirmed on histopathology. This is a rare condition in dogs but an important differential diagnosis for severe conjunctivitis and gingivitis.  相似文献   

Evidence-based veterinary dermatology: a systematic review of interventions for treatment of Pseudomonas otitis in dogs     

Nuttall T  Cole LK 《Veterinary dermatology》2007,18(2):69-77

The efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions to treat canine Pseudomonas otitis externa and media were evaluated based on the systematic review of clinical trials published between 1967 and 2006. Clinical trials were included if Pseudomonas species were cultured from the ears of dogs with otitis externa or otitis media prior to treatment, and if the outcome of these interventions was reported at the end of the study. Studies were compared with regard to design characteristics (randomization generation and concealment, masking, intention-to-treat analyses), benefit (microbiological and/or clinical resolution of the Pseudomonas otitis), and adverse effects. Ten trials reporting data on 162 patients and 13 different pharmacological interventions were identified. Based on the accepted criteria for quality of evidence, there is insufficient evidence for or against recommending the use of any of these treatments for Pseudomonas otitis in dogs. This is largely because there is only one trial supporting the use of each treatment option and none were randomized controlled trials. Future studies need to be prospective, randomized, blinded and controlled; designed to evaluate pharmacological interventions for otitis regardless of the infective organism; have appropriate statistical advice on recruitment numbers, the power of the study and appropriate statistical analysis; include details of underlying conditions and concomitant treatments; and be designed such that inclusion criteria include microbial culture and antimicrobial sensitivity, and outcome assessments include clinical examination, cytology and microbial culture.  相似文献   

Characterisation of major and minor Dermatophagoides allergens in canine atopic dermatitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nuttall TJ  Lamb JR  Hill PB 《Research in veterinary science》2001,71(1):51-57

Atopic dermatitis is a well-recognised chronic inflammatory skin disease of humans and dogs. Most atopic dogs are sensitised to Dermatophagoides mites. The aim of this study was to characterise allergens in different Dermatophagoides species using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to canine IgE. Western blots were prepared from crude extracts of D farinae, D pteronyssinus and D microceras, and purified group 1 and 2 allergens under reducing and non-reducing conditions. They were probed with sera from atopic (n = 33) and healthy (n = 27) dogs. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity or specificity between the polyclonal and monoclonal sera in detecting Dermatophagoides -specific IgE. Major allergens common to both D farinae and D pteronyssinus were detected at 97-98 kDa, 103-104 kDa and 134-139 kDa on both reducing and non-reducing blots. Major allergens at 84-85 kDa, 65-69 kDa and 44-45 kDa were only recognised on reducing blots, suggesting that these are fragments of the larger allergens. Only a few sera recognised group 1 or 2 allergens on blots of crude extracts or purified allergens. These results confirm that, in atopic dogs, high molecular weight allergens are the most important Dermatophagoides allergens, rather than the low molecular weight group 1 and 2 proteins.  相似文献   

Leptin, GH, PRL, Insulin and Metabolic Parameters Throughout the Dry Period and Lactation in Dairy Cows     

PA Accorsi  N Govoni  R Gaiani  C Pezzi  E Seren  C Tamanini 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(3):217-223

Leptin may play a role in the endocrine-metabolic processes that guarantee the physiological course of lactation in dairy cattle. This study was aimed at determining the changes in plasma concentrations of leptin and some of the main hormones and metabolites involved in the lactogenetic process in high-yielding dairy cows throughout lactation; we also wanted to assess whether leptin secretion is subjected to seasonal influences. Blood samples were collected from 23 Italian Friesian dairy cows from the end of a lactation to the ninth month of the subsequent one; in addition, blood was sampled from 47 dairy cows in different phases of lactation during February and July. Plasma concentrations of leptin, growth hormone (GH), insulin, prolactin (PRL), glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and urea were quantified by either validated radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzymatic colorimetric methods. At the beginning of lactation, GH concentrations significantly increased, while a significant reduction occurred in leptin and insulin. This endocrine condition, such as the significant increase in NEFA plasma concentrations, is indicative of a marked lipid mobilization. In the more advanced stages of lactation, when both energy and protein balances become positive, leptin plasma concentrations increased, whereas GH and NEFA concentrations declined. During the summer months, a significant increase in leptin plasma concentrations, irrespective of the phase of lactation, was observed. Collectively, our findings suggest that, in dairy cows, leptin may represent a 'metabolic signal' of animal's status of fattening and nutritional level; in addition, leptin seems to be influenced by photoperiod and environmental temperature.  相似文献