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Jonathan G. Lundgren Luis Augusto Becerra López-Lavalle Soroush Parsa Kris A. G. Wyckhuys 《Journal of pest science》2014,87(1):125-131
In South America, the whitefly Aleurotrachelus socialis is one of the principal pests of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), reaching high population levels throughout the Andean region. Management of this species is primarily based upon the use of insecticides, while biological control has received limited attention. Till present, knowledge of A. socialis natural enemies is restricted to occasional records of predators and parasitoids. In this study, we developed PCR primer sets specific for the cassava whitefly, A. socialis, to identify their predator community in Colombian cassava. Eleven percent of 586 predator specimens (representing 131 taxa from 29 families) tested positive for cassava whitefly DNA. Of the 21 predator taxa that consumed cassava whiteflies, an unidentified netwing beetle (Lycidae), an unidentified spider species (Araneae), Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Cereaochrysa sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), and a Leucochrysa sp. (Chrysopidae) were the taxa that consumed cassava whiteflies most frequently under field conditions. Two abundant predators in the system, Delphastus sp. (Coccinellidae) and the long-legged fly, Condylostylus sp. (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), were both positive for whitefly DNA, but did not have the strongest trophic linkage to the pest relative to other predators. This study shows that a diverse predator community affects cassava whitefly in southern Colombia, and provides the groundwork for the design of cassava production systems with minimal pesticide inputs. 相似文献
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Dildar Ahmed Parsa Dar Raza Chaudhery Rashid Masih 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2017,17(3):310-322
The present study was conducted to identify natural products in the bioactive fractions of Lagenaria siceraria mesocarp. Column chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for separation and identification of phytochemicals. Methanolic extract and its fractions displayed alpha-amylase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities comparable to standard drugs. GC-MS analysis of the fractions and column eluates revealed the presence of a variety of chemical compounds, including 4-(methoxymethyl)phenol, 2,2?-methylenebis{6(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-ethyl}phenol, methyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate, oxacyclododecane-2,8-dione, N-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl] acetamide, 2,3-Epoxycarane, 4-(propan-2-yl)benzaldehyde, octadec-1-ene, 4a-methyl-1-methylidene-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene, 2,6-di(propan-2-yl)naphthalene, methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propanoate, 4,8a-dimethyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2(1H)-one 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran, methyl N-hydroxybenzenecarboximidoate, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid. Many of these compounds are being reported for the first time from this plant, the presence of which may explain, at least partly, its medicinal efficacy. The fruit possesses significant anti-enzymatic properties against alpha-amylase and xanthine oxidase, and the most active compounds of mesocarp of the fruit appear in ethyl acetate fraction of its methanolic extract. 相似文献
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Abdollah Beykkhormizi Parvaneh Abrishamchi Ali Ganjeali Mahdi Parsa 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(6):883-893
Vermicompost can play an effective role in plant growth and development and also in reducing harmful effects of various environmental stresses on plants due to its porous structure, high water storage capacity, having hormone-like substances and plant growth regulators and also high levels of macro and micro nutrients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vermicompost and salinity interactions on some morphological and physiological features and concentration of mineral elements of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Light Red Kidney) cultivar. A factorial experimental with five different volumetric ratios of vermicompost and sand, including to: 0:100; 10:90; 25:75; 50:50 and 75:25 and four levels of salinity [20, 40, 60 and 80 mmol l?1 sodium chloride (NaCl)], and control was conducted base on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Bean seeds were sowed in plastic pots, the seedlings being sampled 42 days old (flowering stage).The results showed that vermicompost had significant effect on all studied traits under stress and non-stress (p ≤ 0.05).In this experiment, the vermicompost significantly increased the photosynthetic rate and concentrations of potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2)+in leaf and root tissues. In salinity levels of 20, 40 and 60 mmol l?1NaCl, all subjected ratios of vermicompost and in 80 mmol l?1NaCl the ratios of 10% and 75% vermicompost, significantly ameliorated negative effects of salinity. In both stress and non-stress conditions, using 10% volume of vermicompost is recommended to improve the growth of bean plants. 相似文献
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International Aquatic Research - Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) is one of the most economically important tuna species in Iranian waters of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Some population dynamics... 相似文献
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Ahmad Parsa 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1957,2(3):174-183
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Contributions to the knowledge of the useful plants and plant raw materials of Iran相似文献
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A variety of [14C]labeled organic compounds and microbial products were incubated in soil alone or intimately associated with humic acid-type polymers achieved by freeze-drying mixed solutions of the polymers and [14C]labeled compounds at pH 6. The association of Chlorella protein with the polymers reduced mineralization over 12 weeks by 41%. Similarly decomposition of cysteine and Anabaena flos-aqua cytoplasm was reduced by 26% and glycine 16%. Tyrosine, lysine, aspartic acid, serine, cytosine, glucose, ferulic acid. also polysaccharides of Leuconostoc dextranicus, Azotobacter indicus, Hansenula holstii and Anabaena flos-aqua, as well as cells and cell walls of A. flos-aqua decomposed just or almost as readily when intimately associated with humic polymers as when added alone to the soils. The association with humic polymers did not influence the distribution of residual activity in humic acid, fulvic acid and extracted soil following incubation. 相似文献
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