Catalog of Micro-Tom tomato responses to common fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens     

Hideki Takahashi  Ayano Shimizu  Tsutomu Arie  Syofi Rosmalawati  Sumire Fukushima  Mari Kikuchi  Yasufumi Hikichi  Ayami Kanda  Akiko Takahashi  Akinori Kiba  Kohei Ohnishi  Yuki Ichinose  Fumiko Taguchi  Chihiro Yasuda  Motoichiro Kodama  Mayumi Egusa  Chikara Masuta  Hiroyuki Sawada  Daisuke Shibata  Koichi Hori  Yuichiro Watanabe 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(1):8-22

Lycopersicon esculentum cultivar Micro-Tom is a miniature tomato with many advantages for studies of the molecular biology and physiology of plants. To evaluate the suitability of Micro-Tom as a host plant for the study of pathogenesis, Micro-Tom plants were inoculated with 16 well-known fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens of tomato. Athelia rolfsii, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Oidium sp., Phytophthora infestans, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum caused typical symptoms and sporulated abundantly on Micro-Tom. Micro-Tom was resistant to Alternaria alternata, Corynespora cassiicola, and Fusarium oxysporum. When Micro-Tom was inoculated with 17 isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum, many isolates induced wilt symptoms. Agrobacterium tumefaciens also was pathogenic, causing crown galls on stem tissue after needle prick inoculation. In Micro-Tom sprayed with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, P. s. pv. tabaci, or P. s. pv. glycinea, bacterial populations did not increase, and yellow lesions appeared only on leaves sprayed with P. s. pv. tomato. Tomato mosaic virus, Tomato aspermy virus, and Cucumber mosaic virus systemically infected Micro-Tom, which developed symptoms characteristic of other cultivars of tomato after infection with the respective virus. These results indicated that Micro-Tom was generally susceptible to most of the important tomato pathogens and developed typical symptoms, whereas certain pathogens were restricted by either hypersensitive resistance or nonhost resistance on Micro-Tom. Therefore, an assortment of Micro-Tom–pathogen systems should provide excellent models for studying the mechanism of susceptible and resistant interactions between plants and pathogens.  相似文献   

Need for flagella for complete virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci: genetic analysis with flagella-defective mutants ?fliC and ?fliD in host tobacco plants     

Yuki Ichinose  Rena Shimizu  Yoko Ikeda  Fumiko Taguchi  Mizuri Marutani  Takafumi Mukaihara  Yoshishige Inagaki  Kazuhiro Toyoda  Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(4):244-249

The flagellins purified from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci induce a hypersensitive reaction in nonhost tomato cells. To investigate the role of flagella and flagellin in the compatible interaction, we generated two types of flagella-defective mutant. The fliC mutant lost the fliC gene that encodes flagellin protein, whereas the fliD mutant lost the fliD gene that encodes HAP2-capping protein. The two mutants had markedly reduced ability to cause disease symptoms in tobacco leaves. Furthermore, propagation of the mutants in tobacco leaves was less than that in wild-type pv. tabaci. Compared to the inoculation with wild-type pv. tabaci, inoculation with the two mutants did not markedly induce the expression of typical defense response-related genes such as PAL and hsr203J. Complementation of each fliC and fliD gene to the corresponding deficient mutant restored motility and virulence. These results indicate that flagella of P. syringae pv. tabaci are indispensable organelles for complete virulence on host tobacco plants.  相似文献   

Pea extracellular Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase responsive to signal molecules from a fungal pathogen     

Tomonari Kasai  Tomoko Suzuki  Kozue Ono  Ken'ichi Ogawa  Yoshishige Inagaki  Yuki Ichinose  Kazuhiro Toyoda  Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(5):265-272

We previously reported that the release of O₂ ⁻ from isolated pea cell walls was enhanced by a 70-kDa glycoprotein elicitor but was suppressed by mucin-type glycopeptide suppressors (supprescins A and B) prepared from pycnospore germination fluid of Mycosphaerella pinodes, causal agent of Mycosphaerella blight of pea. Here, we show that superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the apoplast fluid/cell wall of pea seedlings responds to the fungal elicitor and suppressor molecules. In a pharmacological study and with internal amino acid sequencing, the apoplastic SOD in a pea cultivar Midoriusui was found to be a Cu/Zn type SOD. We cloned a full-length cDNA of the Cu/Zn-SOD and designated it as PsCu/Zn-SOD1. An increase in PsCu/Zn-SOD1 mRNA and the PsCu/Zn-SOD1 protein was induced by treatment with the elicitor more intensively than by wounding. Such induction by the elicitor or wounding, however, was inhibited by the concomitant presence of supprescins. The SOD activity of recombinant PsCu/Zn-SOD1 was regulated directly by these signal molecules in a manner similar to their effect on the SOD activity in the apoplastic fluid and in the cell wall-bound proteins. Based on these findings, we discuss a role for PsCu/Zn-SOD1 in the pea defense response. The nucleotide sequence data of PsCu/Zn-SOD1 reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession number AB189165.  相似文献   

N-terminal domain including conserved flg22 is required for flagellin-induced hypersensitive cell death in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis thaliana</Emphasis>     

Kana Naito  Yasuhiro Ishiga  Kazuhiro Toyoda  Tomonori Shiraishi  Yuki Ichinose 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(4):281-285

Flagellin in Pseudomonas syringae is a potent elicitor of defense responses including hypersensitive cell death in dicot plants. The oligopeptides flg22 consisting of 22 conserved amino acids near the N-terminus of flagellins is reported to induce plant defense responses. Because glycosylation of the central domain of flagellin affects its elicitor activity, we investigated whether any peptide sequence in addition to flg22 is required for flagellin-induced hypersensitive reaction. A study of recombinant flagellin polypeptides indicated that the N-terminal domain including the conserved flg22 is required for flagellin-induced hypersensitive cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana.  相似文献   

Properties of scallop mantle collagen: its content,tissue distribution and thermal behavior     

Shoshi Mizuta  Yuko Nakanishi  Masashi Shiraishi  Yoshihiro Yokoyama  Reiji Yoshinaka 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(6):1353-1361

ABSTRACT:   To obtain fundamental information for the effective use of scallop Patinopecten yessoensis mantle, which is one of the underutilized marine resources. Some properties of collagen contained in the mantle were examined by chemical and histochemical techniques. Collagen content in the mantle varied annually, ranging from 0.98 to 1.72% of wet tissue, 7.7 to 12.6% of dry tissue and 13.5 to 26.5% of total protein, being relatively in high level of collagen content of invertebrate muscles. Collagen fiber was densely distributed in the inner connective tissue matrix of the mantle pallial, in contrast to the inner fold part which was rich in muscle fibers. The collagen contained in the crude collagen fraction (residue after alkali extraction), prepared from the mantle, was revealed to have considerably low solubility on hot-water extraction, constantly less than 20% of the total collagen at the temperatures in the range of 20–90°C.  相似文献   

Characterization of the quantitatively major collagen in the mantle of oyster <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea gigas</Emphasis>     

Shoshi?MizutaEmail author  Tomoyuki?Miyagi  Reiji?Yoshinaka 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(1):229-235

ABSTRACT:   A quantitatively major collagen was isolated from the pepsin-solubilized collagen preparation of the mantle by differential salt precipitation and phosphocellulose column chromatography, and its constituent α components (α1 and α2) were purified by phosphocellulose column chromatography. The subunits were demonstrated to be genetically distinct from each other by peptide mapping and amino acid analysis. The amino acid composition calculated from those of the α1 and α2 components in 2 : 1 ratio coincided well with that of the major collagen from the mantle. These results suggest that the major collagen in the mantle of the oyster may have a heterotrimer structure (α1)₂α2.  相似文献   

An economic value for ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction using paddy fields in the kasumitei open levee system     

Yamada  Yumi  Taki  Kentaro  Yoshida  Takehiro  Ichinose  Tomohiro 《Paddy and Water Environment》2022,20(2):215-226

Paddy and Water Environment - In this article, we examined the value of the traditional Japanese flood control measure that uses a discontinuous levee (kasumitei). By avoiding the use of...  相似文献   

Uptake of dieldrin,lindane, and DDT by isolated rat hepatocytes     

Reiji Ichinose  Norio Kurihara 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1985,23(1):116-122

Studies of the uptake of dieldrin, lindane, and DDT by isolated rat hepatocytes in Krebs-Henseleit salt solution containing 2.34% bovine serum albumin have shown that the partition equilibrium of these hydrophobic organochlorine compounds is established very rapidly between the hepatocytes and the extracellular medium by reversible uptake and release processes. In the hepatocyte suspension system, these compounds are in dynamic partition equilibrium between the hepatocytes and the Krebs-Henseleit salt solution, and also between the bovine serum albumin molecules and the solution. The respective rate constants for the uptake and release processes were 0.83 and 2.52 × 10^?2 sec^?1 in a 2-ml suspension containing 10⁶ cells. It has thus been demonstrated that the transport of hydrophobic organochlorine compounds between the hepatocytes and the extracellular medium is a much faster process than the metabolic transformation reaction in hepatocytes.  相似文献   

Distribution patterns of soluble salts and gypsum in soils under large-scale irrigation agriculture in Central Asia     

Shinya FUNAKAWA  Reiji SUZUKI  Shinjiro KANAYA  Elmira KARBOZOVA-SALJNIKOV  Takashi KOSAKI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2007,53(2):150-161

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Remote sensing analysis of forest damage by selection logging in the Kabaung Reserved Forest, Bago Mountains, Myanmar     

Rosy Ne Win  Reiji Suzuki  Shinya Takeda 《Journal of Forest Research》2012,17(2):121-128

Selection logging is a principal management scheme in natural teak-bearing forests in Myanmar. Monitoring the spatial extent and intensity of selection logging is important for sustainable forest management. This study applied the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) image differencing method using two SPOT-5 pan-sharpened images (2.5 m spatial resolution) taken in October 2007 and January 2009 to analyze canopy changes associated with damage from forest harvesting. According to the pixel-based analysis, NDVI changes were larger in most logging road/log landing points whereas smaller NDVI changes were seen in most unlogged points. NDVI changes in teak stump areas were related to distance from a logging road and the number of stumps within the estimated crown area (a circular area with a 10 m radius from the center of each stump). A Fisher’s exact test showed that one of the main factors causing the high NDVI change in teak stump areas was the effect of road construction. The distribution pattern of teak stumps indicated that teak stumps with estimated crown areas that contained more than one stump had high mean change in NDVI. The spectral difference between before and after logging revealed that logging roads had a greater effect on canopy changes than teak stumps.  相似文献