Genese und Ökologie innerstädtischer Böden aus Bauschutt     

H.-P. Blume  M. Runge 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1978,141(6):727-740

Formation and ecology of rural soils from debris Within 30 years Rendzinas have developed on habitats of debris and rubbles in West-Berlin by accumulation of organic substances, carbonate impoverishing, slightly beginning acidity, and biogenic structuring. Their conditions for water, air, and nutrients were investigated for 2 years.  相似文献   

Incorporating parametric uncertainty into population viability analysis models     

Conor P. McGowan  Michael C. Runge  Michael A. Larson 《Biological conservation》2011,(5):1400-1408

Uncertainty in parameter estimates from sampling variation or expert judgment can introduce substantial uncertainty into ecological predictions based on those estimates. However, in standard population viability analyses, one of the most widely used tools for managing plant, fish and wildlife populations, parametric uncertainty is often ignored in or discarded from model projections. We present a method for explicitly incorporating this source of uncertainty into population models to fully account for risk in management and decision contexts. Our method involves a two-step simulation process where parametric uncertainty is incorporated into the replication loop of the model and temporal variance is incorporated into the loop for time steps in the model. Using the piping plover, a federally threatened shorebird in the USA and Canada, as an example, we compare abundance projections and extinction probabilities from simulations that exclude and include parametric uncertainty. Although final abundance was very low for all sets of simulations, estimated extinction risk was much greater for the simulation that incorporated parametric uncertainty in the replication loop. Decisions about species conservation (e.g., listing, delisting, and jeopardy) might differ greatly depending on the treatment of parametric uncertainty in population models.  相似文献   

A decision-analytic approach to the optimal allocation of resources for endangered species consultation     

Sarah J. Converse  Kevin J. Shelley  Steve Morey  Jeffrey Chan  Andrea LaTier  Carolyn Scafidi  Deborah T. Crouse  Michael C. Runge 《Biological conservation》2011,(1):319-329

The resources available to support conservation work, whether time or money, are limited. Decision makers need methods to help them identify the optimal allocation of limited resources to meet conservation goals, and decision analysis is uniquely suited to assist with the development of such methods. In recent years, a number of case studies have been described that examine optimal conservation decisions under fiscal constraints; here we develop methods to look at other types of constraints, including limited staff and regulatory deadlines. In the US, Section Seven consultation, an important component of protection under the federal Endangered Species Act, requires that federal agencies overseeing projects consult with federal biologists to avoid jeopardizing species. A benefit of consultation is negotiation of project modifications that lessen impacts on species, so staff time allocated to consultation supports conservation. However, some offices have experienced declining staff, potentially reducing the efficacy of consultation. This is true of the US Fish and Wildlife Service’s Washington Fish and Wildlife Office (WFWO) and its consultation work on federally-threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). To improve effectiveness, WFWO managers needed a tool to help allocate this work to maximize conservation benefits. We used a decision-analytic approach to score projects based on the value of staff time investment, and then identified an optimal decision rule for how scored projects would be allocated across bins, where projects in different bins received different time investments. We found that, given current staff, the optimal decision rule placed 80% of informal consultations (those where expected effects are beneficial, insignificant, or discountable) in a short bin where they would be completed without negotiating changes. The remaining 20% would be placed in a long bin, warranting an investment of seven days, including time for negotiation. For formal consultations (those where expected effects are significant), 82% of projects would be placed in a long bin, with an average time investment of 15 days. The WFWO is using this decision-support tool to help allocate staff time. Because workload allocation decisions are iterative, we describe a monitoring plan designed to increase the tool’s efficacy over time. This work has general application beyond Section Seven consultation, in that it provides a framework for efficient investment of staff time in conservation when such time is limited and when regulatory deadlines prevent an unconstrained approach.  相似文献   

Determination of the efficiency of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines by the 3-point test in mice]     

D Bernhardt  W Runge  H Kindt 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1977,24(4):293-296

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BACTERIAL PENETRATION IN FLOOR AND NEST BOX EGGS FROM MEAT AND LAYER BIRDS     

T. I. Smeltzer  K. Orange  B. Peel  G. Runge 《Australian veterinary journal》1979,55(12):592-593

A method similar to that used by Board and Board (1967) was used to determine the numbers of eggs penetrated by bacteria on 3 poultry farms in south-east Queensland. Significant differences in the percentages of penetrated eggs between the eggs of layer birds (9.7%) and the eggs of meat birds (16.1%) and between nest eggs (10.5%) and floor eggs (15.3%) were detected. The distribution of the numbers of penetration points was similar for nest and floor eggs for both types of bird and was independent of shell surface area or thickness.  相似文献   

Initial Application of Reduced Port Surgery Using the Single Port Access Technique for Laparoscopic Canine Ovariectomy     

Jeffrey J. Runge DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Paul G. Curcillo II MD  FACS  Stephanie A. King MD  FACOG  Erica R. Podolsky MD  David E. Holt BVSc  Diplomate ACVS  Jeffrey Davidson BS  Kimberly A. Agnello DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(7):803-806

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Unreliable amphibian population metrics may obfuscate more than they reveal   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Andrew J. Kroll  Jonathan P. Runge  James G. MacCracken 《Biological conservation》2009,142(11):2802-2806

Welsh et al. [Welsh, H.H., Jr. Pope, K.L., Wheeler, C.A., 2008. Using multiple metrics to assess the effects of forest succession on population status: a comparative study of two terrestrial salamanders in the US Pacific Northwest. Biological Conservation 141, pp. 1149–1160] argued for the use of four metrics to monitor population status of two terrestrial amphibians, the Siskiyou Mountains (Plethodon stormi) and Del Norte (Plethodon elongatus) salamanders. We show that inherent problems exist with Welsh et al.’s application of all four of these metrics, and that their inferences about population status are likely to be uncertain as a consequence and potentially misleading to managers. Welsh et al. (2008) used data from different populations and different years to estimate detection probabilities for both P. elongatus and P. stormi, a decision which assumes that detection probabilities do not differ across sites and populations are closed. In addition, Welsh et al. (2008) present count data for both salamanders, a metric that assumes capture probability does not vary by age, gender, size, other individual characteristics, and most importantly in their application, habitat characteristics. Welsh et al. (2008) estimated survival based upon age ratios. Age ratios are known to be biased when immigration and emigration are unequal Conn et al. [Conn, P.B., Doherty, P.F., Jr. Nichols, J.D., 2005. Comparative demography of New World populations of thrushes (Turdus spp.): comment. Ecology 86, pp. 2536–2541]. In source-sink systems, immigration and emigration are expected to be unequal. Thus, the use of this estimation technique to characterize survival in source-sink systems is invalid unless it can be shown that immigration and emigration are equal, a rare occurrence in source-sink systems. The final metric used by Welsh et al. (2008) was an index of body condition, i.e., the residuals of a least squares regression of mass on the length. Several recent articles have outlined a number of potential problems with the technique and a theoretically more robust and efficient alternative has been published. Unfortunately, Welsh et al. (2008) did not provide the details (model diagnostic statistics, tests of assumptions) needed to assess whether or not their analyses of body condition may be accurate. We think that evaluation of specific hypotheses, well-designed sampling programs, and methods such as mark–recapture and ratio sampling are more likely to provide reliable inference than re-analysis of old data sets that were collected for other purposes and obsolete methods (i.e., counting individuals on single occasions) that are known to be flawed. We agree that potential forest management impacts to sensitive taxa require evaluation and monitoring, and that changes in occupancy and abundance are useful metrics for this task (while recognizing that, when feasible to collect, information about reproductive success and survival is superior). However, reliable inference about potential impacts can only be made if reliable methods are employed and if critical assumptions receive empirical evaluation. We offer several suggestions to strengthen inference about management treatments.  相似文献   

Use of skin stretchers to elongate a peninsular thoracodorsal axial pattern flap for antebrachial wound closure in a dog     

Holt DE  Runge J 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2011,40(3):352-356

Objective: To describe preoperative use of skin stretchers to elongate a peninsular thoracodorsal axial pattern flap to close a large antebrachial wound on a dog. Study Design: Case report. Animals: A 21 kg, 7‐year‐old, male intact mixed breed dog. Methods: Two skin stretchers were applied to the site of the thoracodorsal axial pattern flap 4 days before surgery. The elastic cables connecting the adhesive pads were tightened daily to increase the skin available for a peninsular thoracodorsal axial pattern flap, which was created and rotated 180° to cover an antebrachial defect to a level 2 cm proximal to the carpus. Results: The entire flap survived; there was a small amount of incisional separation at the distal margin of the flap that healed without further treatment. Conclusion: Preoperative skin stretching provided additional skin for the axial pattern flap used.  相似文献   

Managing and learning with multiple models: Objectives and optimization algorithms     

William J.M. Probert  Cindy E. Hauser  Eve McDonald-Madden  Michael C. Runge  Peter W.J. Baxter  Hugh P. Possingham 《Biological conservation》2011,(4):1237-1245

The quality of environmental decisions should be gauged according to managers’ objectives. Management objectives generally seek to maximize quantifiable measures of system benefit, for instance population growth rate. Reaching these goals often requires a certain degree of learning about the system. Learning can occur by using management action in combination with a monitoring system. Furthermore, actions can be chosen strategically to obtain specific kinds of information. Formal decision making tools can choose actions to favor such learning in two ways: implicitly via the optimization algorithm that is used when there is a management objective (for instance, when using adaptive management), or explicitly by quantifying knowledge and using it as the fundamental project objective, an approach new to conservation.This paper outlines three conservation project objectives – a pure management objective, a pure learning objective, and an objective that is a weighted mixture of these two. We use eight optimization algorithms to choose actions that meet project objectives and illustrate them in a simulated conservation project. The algorithms provide a taxonomy of decision making tools in conservation management when there is uncertainty surrounding competing models of system function. The algorithms build upon each other such that their differences are highlighted and practitioners may see where their decision making tools can be improved.  相似文献   

Paramedian incisional complications after prophylactic laparoscopy-assisted gastropexy in 411 dogs     

Jessica K. Baron DVM  DACVS-SA  Sue A. Casale DVM  DACVS  Eric Monnet DVM  PhD  FAHA  DACVS  DECVS  Philipp D. Mayhew BVM&S  DACVS  Jeffrey J. Runge DVM  DACVS  Christelle M. Follette DVM  Kevin Phipps DVM  Margaret E. Powell DVM  Alicja I. Reczynska DVM  Nathan T. Squire VMD  Bruce A. Barton PhD  John Berg DVM  DACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(Z1):O148-O155

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