Intake and digestion of barley straw by sheep given expelled groundnut meal with different amounts of calcium     

B. D. Shrestha  J. H. Topps  G. Pratt 《Tropical animal health and production》1972,4(3):165-172

Summary Six wether sheep were used in a 6×6 latin square experiment to study the effect of calcium intake on intake and digestibility of barley straw fedad libitum with low and high oil groundnut meal. The level of added calcium ranged from 1.6 to 3.0 g/day for the low oil and 6.4 to 10.4 g/day for the high oil diet. Each experimental period was of 21 days duration which comprised 14 days for adaption to the diet followed by a sevenday collection. The amount of added calcium had a significant effect only with the high oil groundnut meal. The digestibility of crude fibre in diets which contained this meal was significantly increased (p<0.05) when the amount of added calcium was raised from 6.4 to 8.0 g/day. The sheep showed a marked adaptation to the diets which was manifested as a highly significant increase (p<0.001) in straw intake as the trial progressed. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between animals in intake and digestibility of some dietary constituents. This was shown particularly by one animal whose intake was substantially greater but whose digestive ability was appreciably less than the other five. The nitrogen retention by the sheep on the six diets differed considerably between the two types of groundnut meal. It was higher when the high oil meal was fed and this difference was mainly due to a smaller excretion of urea.

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Sumario Los ensayos de digestibilidad y pruebas de balance fueron llevadas a cabo en 6 ovinos castrados con el fin de estudiar el efecto del suplemento de calcio sobre la ingestión y digestibilidad dela paja dela cebada con dietas de harina de maní altas y bajas. El incremento en la digestibilidad de la fibra cruda con la harina de maní en dosis altas se atribuyó al calcio suplementado. La adaptación de los ovinos a las dietas fue notada conforme progresaba el experimento junto con una amplia variación entre los animales en ingestión y digestibilidad de algunos constituyentes de la dieta. La retención de nitrógeno fue mas alta en aquellos animales alimentados con niveles altos de harina de maní, y debido a una mas peque?a excreción de urea.

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Résumé Des essais de digestibilité et de bilan ont été effectués sur six moutons pour étudier l’influence d’un complément de calcium sur la consommation et la digestibilité de paille d’orge avec une proportion faible ou élevée de tourteau d’arachide. Une augmentation de la digestibilité de la cellulose brute de ce dernier a été attribuée à l’addition de calcium. L’adaptation des moutons aux rations a été progressive mais une grande variation de la consommation et de la digestibilité de quelques constituants alimentaires a été constatée entre les animaux. La rétention d’azote était plus élevée chez les animaux ayant re?u une proportion élevée de tourteau d’arachide, par suite d’une excrétion plus faible d’urée.

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The effect of topical tripeptide-copper complex on healing of ischemic open wounds     

Canapp SO  Farese JP  Schultz GS  Gowda S  Ishak AM  Swaim SF  Vangilder J  Lee-Ambrose L  Martin FG 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2003,32(6):515-523

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of topical glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine tripeptide-copper complex (TCC; Iamin 2% Gel; Procyte Corporation, Redmond, WA) on healing in ischemic open wounds. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Rats were divided into 3 groups: topical TCC, topical TCC vehicle (hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose), and no treatment (control). Six-mm-diameter, full-thickness wounds were created within an ischemic bipedicle skin flap on the dorsum of each rat. Each day, for 13 days, wound margins were traced, and the TCC and TCC vehicle groups were treated topically. Tracings were scanned, and wound perimeter and area were calculated. On days 6, 10, and 13, selected wounds were biopsied and analyzed for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9. RESULTS: A significant decrease in wound area was seen in the TCC group, but not the vehicle group, when compared with the control group on days 3 to 5, 6 to 9, and 11 to 13 and when TCC was compared with TCC vehicle on days 3 and 9. On day 13, initial wound area had decreased by 64.5% in the TCC group, 45.6% in the vehicle group, and 28.2% in the control group. On days 6, 10, and 13, TCC-treated wounds contained significantly lower concentrations of TNF-alpha and MMP-2 and MMP-9 than control wounds. CONCLUSION: Topical TCC resulted in accelerated wound healing in ischemic open wounds. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Topical TCC is an effective stimulant of healing of ischemic open wounds in rats and may have an application for the treatment of chronic wounds in other species. Clinical evaluation of topical TCC is warranted.  相似文献   

Jojoba seed meal proteins associated with proteolytic and protease inhibitory activities     

Shrestha MK  Peri I  Smirnoff P  Birk Y  Golan-Goldhirsh A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(20):5670-5675

The jojoba, Simmondsia chinensis, is a characteristic desert plant native to the Sonoran desert. The jojoba meal after oil extraction is rich in protein. The major jojoba proteins were albumins (79%) and globulins (21%), which have similar amino acid compositions and also showed a labile thrombin-inhibitory activity. SDS-PAGE showed two major proteins at 50 kDa and 25 kDa both in the albumins and in the globulins. The 25 kDa protein has trypsin- and chymotrypsin-inhibitory activities. In vitro digestibility of the globulins and albumins resembled that of casein and soybean protein concentrates and was increased after heat treatment. The increased digestibility achieved by boiling may be attributed to inactivation of the protease inhibitors and denaturation of proteins.  相似文献   

Inhibition of peroxynitrite-mediated reactions by vanillin     

Kumar SS  Priyadarsini KI  Sainis KB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(1):139-145

Several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzeimer's and Parkinson's as well as septic shock and inflammation involve formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that include peroxynitrite (PON). PON can also react with endogenous antioxidants. Therefore, dietary supplementation with antioxidants may help in these diseases. An exogenous antioxidant, vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), used widely as a food flavoring agent, was evaluated for its ability to scavenge PON and inhibit PON-mediated reactions. Nitration of tyrosine by PON was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This reaction was inhibited by vanillin. The oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 to fluorescent rhodamine 123 was also inhibited by vanillin. The kinetics of reaction between PON and vanillin was studied by stopped-flow technique. The products of this reaction were analyzed by HPLC, and hydroxyvanillin was identified as one of the five products with absorption at 350 nm. These data demonstrate that vanillin effectively scavenges PON in cell-free systems.  相似文献   

Free radical studies of ellagic acid, a natural phenolic antioxidant     

Priyadarsini KI  Khopde SM  Kumar SS  Mohan H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(7):2200-2206

Ellagic acid, a plant-derived polyphenol, inhibits gamma-radiation (hydroxyl radical) induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner. Its antioxidant capacity has been estimated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical assay. To understand the actual mechanisms involved in antioxidant activity and the free radical scavenging ability,a nanosecond pulse radiolysis technique has been employed. The rate constants for the reactions of several reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species such as hydroxyl, peroxyl, and nitrogen dioxide radicals have been found to be in the range of 10(6)-10(9) M(-1) s(-1). The ellagic acid radicals have been characterized by the absorption spectra and decay kinetics. Studies on the reactions of ellagic acid with the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical and the radicals of ellagic acid with ascorbate have been used to estimate its one-electron reduction potential. Ellagic acid has also been found to be a good scavenger of peroxynitrite. Using stopped-flow reaction analyzer with absorption detection, the rate constant for this reaction has been determined to be 3.7 x 10(3) M(-1) s (-1). The electron spin resonance spectra of the oxidized ellagic acid radicals have been recorded by horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide method.  相似文献   

Inhibitory effect of a bioactivity-guided fraction from Rheum undulatum on the acid production of Streptococcus mutans biofilms at sub-MIC levels     

Kim JE  Kim HJ  Pandit S  Chang KW  Jeon JG 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(3):352-356

Rheum undulatum root has been used traditionally in Korea for the treatment of dental diseases. The purpose of this study was to separate a fraction from R. undulatum showing anti-acid production activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilms and identify the main components in that fraction. Methanol extract of R. undulatum root and its fractions were prepared. To select a fraction exhibiting anti-acid production activity, suspension glycolytic pH-drop assay was performed. Among the fractions tested, dichloromethane fraction exhibited the strongest activity in a dose-dependent manner. To examine the effect of the selected fraction on the anti-acid production of S. mutans biofilms, 74 h old S. mutans biofilms were used. The selected fraction reduced the initial rate of acid production of S. mutans biofilms at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels. HPLC qualitative analysis of the selected fraction indicated that the presence of anthraquinone derivatives, such as aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion, as main components.  相似文献   

Development of the Regional Policy Process for Air Pollution in South Asia,Southern Africa and Latin America     

Hicks  W. Kevin  Kuylenstierna  Johan C.I.  Mathur  Vikrom  Mazzucchelli  Sergio  Burijson  Viviana  Shrestha  Surendra  Iyngararasan  Mylvakanam  Simukanga  Stephen  Van Tienhoven  A. Mieke 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):211-216

Projections indicate that large increases in emissions may occur in developing countries during the next twenty to fifty years if current development patterns persist. This paper describes the development of co-operation regarding air pollution issues in three sub-regions of three continents. Experiences gained through activities within a programme on Regional Air Pollution in Developing Countries are used to illustrate progress. The sub-regional process in South Asia developed through a series of meetings that led to the Malé Declaration. In southern Africa a policy dialogue led to the Harare Resolution targeted towards progress in the SADC region. A policy dialogue in Buenos Aires concentrated on issues related to regional harmonisation of legal frameworks in the Mercosur region. In all regions the link between scientific information required to support decision making has been emphasised. The sub-regional policy processes are analysed in relation to availability of required scientific information and compared to the process that led to protocol development in Europe.  相似文献   

Ammonium oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron under anaerobic conditions in wetland soils   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jean-Christophe Clément  Junu Shrestha  Peter R. Jaffé 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(12):2323-2328

In exploring the dynamics of iron and nitrogen cycling in sediments from riparian forests we have observed a redox reaction that has not been previously described. During incubations of soil slurries under strictly anaerobic conditions, we repeatedly measured an unexpected production of both nitrite () and ferrous iron [Fe(II)]. Using this indirect evidence we hypothesize that, under anaerobic conditions, there is a biological process that uses ferric iron [Fe(III)] as an electron acceptor while oxidizing ammonium () to for energy production. This oxidation under iron reducing anaerobic conditions is thermodynamically feasible and is potentially a critical component of the N cycle in saturated sediments.  相似文献   

Occurrence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins in nepalese maize and wheat and the effect of traditional processing methods on mycotoxin levels     

Desjardins AE  Manandhar G  Plattner RD  Maragos CM  Shrestha K  McCormick SP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(4):1377-1383

Maize (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) collected in the foothills of the Nepal Himalaya Mountains were analyzed for Fusarium species and mycotoxins: fumonisins, nivalenol (NIV), and deoxynivalenol (DON). Predominant species were Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A (F. moniliforme) in maize and F. graminearum in maize and wheat; G. fujikuroi mating population D (F. proliferatum), F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. chlamydosporum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, and F. torulosum were also present. Strains of G. fujikuroi mating population A produced fumonisins, and strains of F. graminearum produced NIV or DON. By immunoassay or high-performance liquid chromatography, fumonisins were >1000 ng/g in 22% of 74 maize samples. By immunoassay or fluorometry, NIV and DON were >1000 ng/g in 16% of maize samples but were not detected in wheat. Fumonisins and DON were not eliminated by traditional fermentation for producing maize beer, but Nepalese rural and urban women were able to detoxify contaminated maize by hand-sorting visibly diseased kernels.  相似文献   

The role of potassium in sustaining yields in a long-term rice-wheat experiment in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of Nepal   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A. Regmi  J. Ladha  E. Pasuquin  H. Pathak  P. Hobbs  L. Shrestha  D. Gharti  E. Duveiller 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2002,36(3):240-247

A long-term soil fertility experiment (1988-1999) at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bhairhawa, Nepal, was analysed to determine: (1) how long the yields of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can be sustained without K but with N and N+P (NP) applied with or without farmyard manure (FYM) and green manure, and (2) the impact of K application on yields. Starting from the 1995 wheat season, the experiment was modified to accommodate K at 0, 42, and 84 kg ha^-1 in plots receiving NP to study the response of rice and wheat to K. Both rice and wheat responded to K application but the response of wheat was substantially higher, indicating that the availability of native K may have been lower in wheat. Rice yields were lower in treatments without P than with P, and yields declined significantly (0.11-0.20 Mg ha^-1 year^-1) in all the treatments except in NP and NP+FYM. Wheat yield was more adversely affected than rice yield when P and K were not applied. In addition, wheat yields were low (average 0.5-2.1 Mg ha^-1 in various treatments). Wheat yields declined (0.08-0.12 Mg ha^-1 year^-1) in all but FYM treatments indicating the role of FYM in sustaining yields. The interaction of K deficiency with Helminthosporium leaf blight (spot blotch and tan spot) is also suggested as one of the factors limiting wheat yields. The estimated K balance in soil was highly negative. Results suggest that farmers should apply adequate amount of K for higher and sustainable rice and wheat yields.  相似文献