The Influence of Organic and Integrated Production on Nutritional,Sensory and Agricultural Aspects of Vegetable Raw Materials for Food Production     

Stina Fjelkner-Modig  Håkan Bengtsson  Stig Nystrõm  Rolf Stegmark 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):102-113

In a six-year crop rotation trial organically and integrated grown vegetables were produced according to current good agricultural practices, taking quality and quantity aspects into consideration. The raw materials assessed focussed on materials used for industrial food production. Nutritional, sensory and agricultural aspects were evaluated. Carrot, cabbage, onion, pea and potato are possible to grow organically for industrial purposes. Depending on crop, the yield was lower (65-90%) for organically grown compared to integrated grown. Cultivation of organic spinach and dill turned out to be difficult due to problems with weed and discoloration. The chemical analyses included pesticide residues, nitrate, glycoalkaloid, dry matter, vitamin C and 25 different minerals and trace elements. Overall, the organically grown crops had higher dry matter content than the integrated grown. However, when examining the data for the different crops contradictory results were noted. No significant differences due to growing system were noticed for vitamin C and the other nutrients except for 4 of the trace elements. The growing system did not influence the sensory properties.  相似文献   

Solid-phase extraction of pesticides from surface water using discs,bulk sorbents and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)     

Staffan Bengtsson  Tomas Berglf  Sophia Granat  Gran Jonsll 《Pest management science》1994,41(1):55-60

Extraction of pesticides from river water samples using the classical liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) approach is a labour-intensive procedure that requires relatively large volumes of solvent. With the solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique using membranes, the volumes of solvent are reduced. However, it is necessary to pre-filter and often also to acidify the river water to pH < 2 to prevent plugging of the capillary pores. This low pH may decompose some pesticides and therefore a fast and inexpensive technique with bulk sorbent and without prefiltration and acidification was developed. To reduce the solvent volumes further, extractions of discs and bulk sorbent were performed with supercritical fluids (SF). Seven pesticides with different polarities were studied. Mean recoveries from the bulk sorbent and the discs were of the same order (61%). However, recoveries from the latter improved to 82% with SFE of the discs, providing results comparable to LLE (94%) recovery.  相似文献   

Acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide poisoning in a herd of Charolais crossbreed cattle     

Godin AC  Bengtsson B  Niskanen R  Tareke E  Törnqvist M  Forslund K 《The Veterinary record》2002,151(24):724-728

Seven beef cattle from a herd accidentally exposed to acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide while grazing were observed for eight months. They showed clinical signs of impaired nerve function, mainly in the hindlegs, with varying degrees of weakness and ataxia. The animals were irritable, nervous and hypersensitive to touch. Both pupils of the most badly affected animal were dilated and it had poor pupillary light responses; it also showed signs of axonal neuropathy. Selected haematological and clinical chemistry variables were normal. The severity of the neurological signs was correlated with the concentrations of haemoglobin adducts of acrylamides. The animals recovered substantially after their exposure. The gestations of four of the animals which were in calf proceeded normally.  相似文献   

Prenatal diagnosis of persistent bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection by detection of viral RNA in fetal fluids     

Lindberg A  Niskanen R  Gustafsson H  Bengtsson B  Baule C  Belák S  Alenius S 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2002,164(2):151-155

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Weaning of juvenile pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca L., and perch, Perca fluviatilis L., to formulated feed     

L Ljunggren  F Staffan  S Falk  B Lindén  & J Mendes 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(4):281-287

Weaning success of pond‐cultured pikeperch and wild‐caught perch (mean length 51 and 48 mm respectively) was evaluated using different weaning techniques and different formulated feeds. Juveniles that were fed formulated feed grew as well as or better than juveniles that were weaned successively using zooplankton or yolk. Four different formulated feeds (agglomerated marine larvae feed, marine larvae feed, trout feed and a semi‐moist feed) were evaluated regarding specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor and a subjective stomach fullness estimate. The agglomerated marine larvae feed gave significantly better weaning performance than the other feeds regarding all parameters (SGR = 7.3% day^?1 and 3.4% day^?1 for pikeperch and perch respectively).  相似文献   

Outdoor environments in healthcare settings: A quality evaluation tool for use in designing healthcare gardens     

Anna Bengtsson  Patrik Grahn 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(4):878-891

This article presents the first outline of a quality evaluation tool (QET) to be used in the process of designing outdoor environments in healthcare settings, e.g. healthcare gardens. Theory triangulation is used to integrate theories and evidence from selected research on people's health/well-being and the outdoor environment. The results first present the theoretical principles underlying the tool and justifying its practical construction. Then, 19 environmental qualities constituting the backbone of the practical tool are presented, including six qualities based on the need to be comfortable in the outdoor environment and 13 qualities based on the need for access to nature and surrounding life. Furthermore, this work presents suggestions of how the tool might include concepts dealing with how users can become involved in the design process, as well as general design guidelines corresponding to the various needs and wishes users may have. The paper ends with a discussion that, among other things, relates the QET to evidence-based design, salutogenesis and pathogenesis.  相似文献   

The influence of slope aspect and soil type on immigration and emergence of some northern temperate dung beetles     

Karolina Vessby  Staffan Wiktelius 《Pedobiologia》2003,47(1):39-51

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Respiration and growth of a fungus, Mortierella isabellina, in response to grazing by Onychiurus armatus (Collembola)     

Göran Bengtsson  Sten Rundgren 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1983,15(4):469-473

Colonies of the fungus Mortierella isabellina (Oudem) were grazed by the collembolan Onychiurus armatus (Tullb.) for short periods interrupted by incubation without grazing in laboratory experiments. The grazed fungus had a lower respiration than ungrazed when Collembola were present on the mycelium. Fungal respiration was significantly increased with grazing when Collembola were periodically removed from the mycelium. Metal contamination of the substrate increased fungal respiration, regardless of grazing. Length of fungal mycelium was significantly greater in a natural soil in the presence of Collembola but reduced in a metal-polluted soil. Factors that may determine the impact of grazing on fungi are discussed.  相似文献   

Effects of metal pollution on the earthwormdendrobaena rubida (Sav.) in acidified soils     

Göran Bengtsson  Torsten Gunnarsson  Sten Rundgren 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1986,28(3-4):361-383

Survival of adultDendrobaena rubida, cocoon production, cocoon viability, and growth of juveniles were examined in laboratory experiments when the worms were reared in acidified and metal polluted soils. Solutions of Cu, Cd and Pb were added to give total concentrations of 10, 100 and 500 μg g^?1 in soils with a pH of 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5. Adult tissues, hatchlings and cocoons were analyzed for metals. D. rubida survived poorly in soils with low pH, especially in combination with Pb or Cu, which accumulated in seminal vesicles and cerebral ganglion. Cocoon production was halved when pH was lowered from 6.5 to 4.5 and metals reduced the cocoon number even more in the most acid soils. Hatching success was lower than 20 % in acidified soils. In contrast, the number of hatchlings increased when pH decreased and peaked in soils polluted with Cd. While low pH reduced the embryonic development time, metals prolonged it. Juveniles grew slowly and died early at low pH.  相似文献   

History and forest biodiversity of woodland key habitats in south boreal Sweden   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tysk Staffan Ericsson  Lars Östlund 《Biological conservation》2005,122(2):289-303

Forest exploitation has destructed forest habitats in Fennoscandia during last centuries. Vital components of existing forest biodiversity have been identified as small (a few ha) woodland key habitats (WKHs). Many WKHs in boreal forest landscapes are assumed to represent remnant near-natural forests from before the phase of industrial forest exploitation. Thus, WKHs are supposed to (i) exhibit a low degree of exploitation, (ii) have old-growth characteristics and (iii) host Red-list species. Yet, WKHs’ history and biodiversity have not been systematically investigated. Thus, their conservation values remain unclear. This study investigates history and biodiversity of 15 WKHs in central Sweden with retrospective methods and field studies. We analyze (1) forest structure before, during and after the forest exploitation period, (2) existing biodiversity, i.e. species and structural elements, and (3) to what extent human activities (forestry) have influenced current biodiversity. Our results indicate that forest structure within the areas that currently are classified as WKHs has changed dramatically since the mid-19th century, when forests were unaffected by logging. The results suggest that fire-suppression during last century, gradually increased logging until mid-20th century and abandonment by modern forestry during the late 20th century, are main causes behind this transformation. Less than 10% of studied WKHs had biological features that resembled those of pristine boreal forests. Thus, most studied WKHs cannot be classified as near-natural or remnants of pristine forest. We suggest that the program for WKHs give more focus to pre-industrial forest structure, local historical aspects being seriously regarded and ecological restoration efforts being introduced.  相似文献