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Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, and anthocyanin is a secondary metabolite compound generally produced under stress conditions; both have benefits to human health. Rice is a staple food crop for most of the world’s population, and purple rice is well known as a natural source of Zn and anthocyanins, but their stability depends upon many factors. This review focuses on the opportunity to increase Zn and anthocyanin compounds in purple rice grains via Zn and nitrogen (N) management during cultivation. Variation in grain Zn concentration and anthocyanin compounds is found among purple rice varieties, thus presenting a challenge for breeding programs aiming at high grain Zn and anthocyanin contents. Genetic engineering has successfully achieved a high-efficiency vector system comprising two regulatory genes and six structural anthocyanin-related genes driven by endosperm-specific promoters to engineer purple endosperm rice that can provide new high-anthocyanin varieties. Grain Zn and anthocyanin concentrations in rice can also be affected by environmental factors during cultivation, e.g., light, temperature, soil salinity and nutrient (fertilizer) management. Applying N and Zn fertilizer is found to influence the physiological mechanisms of Zn absorption, uptake, transport and remobilization to promote grain Zn accumulation in rice, while N application can improve anthocyanin synthesis by promoting its biosynthesis pathway via the use of phenylalanine as a precursor. In summary, there is an opportunity to improve both grain Zn and anthocyanin in purple rice by appropriate management of Zn and N fertilizers during cultivation for specific varieties. 相似文献
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Tulsi Gurung Suchila Techawongstien Bhalang Suriharn Sungcom Techawongstien 《Euphytica》2012,183(1):11-18
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is the most important cereal in crop-livestock production systems in arid and drier semi-arid environments valued for its
grain and dry stover. The conventional approach of improving grain yield through greater partitioning of biomass to the grain
and decreased stover yield is not a viable strategy for arid regions where biomass also needs to be improved. The current
research tested the hypothesis whether biomass can be improved without extending the crop duration. The 232 F5 lines derived from a cross (J28 × RIB 335/18) were evaluated in their testcross form along with three commercial hybrids
under arid zone conditions. Biomass, grain and stover yields, panicle number, grain size and grain number panicle−1 varied 1.8 to 2.7 fold in progeny testcrosses. Variation in duration of flowering time accounted for only 2% of variation
in biomass, indicating that considerable scope existed for selection of testcrosses, and by implication, of F5 progenies with high biomass independent of crop duration. Stover yield accounted for 72% of differences in total biomass
with remaining accounted for by grain yield. From among 92 and 132 testcrosses that had flowering time comparable to two early
checks, most had significantly higher biomass, grain and stover yields than these early checks but none of the testcrosses
had earliness on par with extra-early maturing hybrid HHB 67. Mean superiority of best 5% testcrosses over early checks was
58% for biomass, 68% for stover yield and 53% for grain yield. The results indicated that there are good prospects of improving
biomass in arid zone pearl millet without significantly compromising crop duration. 相似文献
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