Humoral recognition of lipopolysaccharide core antigens of gram-negative bacteria in neonatal swine     

J W Tyler  J S Cullor  M C Thurmond  D W Hird  K M Parker 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(1):126-130

Serologic recognition of common lipopolysaccharide core antigens has been related to enhanced resistance to gram-negative bacterial disease in several species. Class-specific titers (IgG, IgM) were determined by direct ELISA, using intact Escherichia coli (J5) as a plate antigen. Serum samples were obtained from 224 neonatal swine between the ages of 36 and 60 hours. The mean (+/- SEM) log10 IgG titer against gram-negative core antigens was 1:1,713 +/- 0.4718 and the mean log10 IgM titer was 1:202 +/- 0.5644. The IgG titer was directly related with litter size, birth weight, and serum total IgG concentration; IgM titer was directly related with dam parity and serum total IgG concentration.  相似文献   

In situ radiometric mapping of soil erosion and field-moist bulk density on cultivated fields     

A.N. Tyler  D.A. Davidson  I.C. Grieve 《Soil Use and Management》2001,17(2):88-96

Abstract. Recent developments in in situγ ray spectrometry offer a new approach to measuring the activity of radionuclides such as ¹³⁷Cs and ⁴⁰K in soils, and thus estimating erosion or deposition rates and field moist bulk density (ρ_m). Such estimates would be rapid and involve minimal site disturbance, especially important where archaeological remains are present. This paper presents the results of a pilot investigation of an eroded field in Scotland in which a portable hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector was used to measure γ ray spectra in situ. The gamma (γ) photon flux observed at the soil surface is a function of the ¹³⁷Cs inventory, its depth distribution characteristics and ρ_m. A coefficient, Q_Cs, derived from the forward scattering of ¹³⁷Cs γ ray photons within the soil profile relative to the ¹³⁷Cs full energy peak (662 keV), was used to correct the in situ calibration for changes in the ¹³⁷Cs vertical distribution in the ploughed field, a function of tillage, soil accumulation and ρ_m. Based on only 8 measurements, the agreement between in situγ ray spectrometry and soil sample measurements of ¹³⁷Cs inventories improved from a non significant r²=0.05 to a significant r²=0.62 (P<0.05). Erosion and deposition rates calculated from the corrected in situ¹³⁷Cs measurements had a similarly good agreement with those calculated from soil cores. Mean soil bulk density was also calculated using a separate coefficient, Q_K, derived from the forward scattering γ photons from ⁴⁰K within the soil relative to the ⁴⁰K full energy peak (1460 keV). Again there was good agreement with soil core measurements (r²=0.64; P<0.05). The precision of the in situ¹³⁷Cs measurement was limited by the precision with which Q_Cs can be estimated, a function of the low ¹³⁷Cs deposition levels associated with the weapons testing fallout and relatively low detector efficiency (35%). In contrast, the precision of the in situ ρ_m determination was only limited by the spatial variability associated with soil sampling.  相似文献   

Cytopathologic changes of lymphatic tissues of cattle with the bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease complex     

C P Peter  J R Duncan  D E Tyler  F K Ramsey 《American journal of veterinary research》1968,29(5):939-948

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Noninvasive monitoring of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: a pilot study of two dogs     

K. A.  Selting  A. W. Spier  J. R. Dodam  J. W. Skimming  J. C. Lattimer  L. G. Britt  J. R. Turk  J. W. Tyler  H. E. Durham  M. Garro 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2004,2(2):107-108

The cardiotoxicity of anthracycline anticancer agents, most notably doxorubicin, limits their use in treating a wide variety of cancers. Currently available methods for assessment of anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) often lack specificity and sensitivity. The purpose of this pilot investigation was to determine noninvasive diagnostic methods that are predictive for AIC. Two mongrel dogs were anesthetized for injection of doxorubicin (22.5 mg) directly into the left coronary artery. Doxorubicin injection was repeated 2 weeks later. Dogs were followed for 12 weeks or until heart failure was documented. Dogs were monitored before and at serial time points after doxorubicin using echocardiography and signal‐averaged electrocardiography as well as ambulatory ECG monitoring. Blood was also collected for measurement of cardiac troponin I and T concentrations. Doxorubicin was readministered at 6 and 12 weeks after the second injection, as interim data analysis did not reveal adequate evidence of cardiomyopathy. Dog‐1 appeared to be more sensitive than Dog‐2 to AIC based upon gradual changes in variables of cardiac function and earlier time to failure (113 days). In contrast, Dog‐2 had inconsistent changes in cardiac function and a longer time to failure (139 days). Dog‐1 also had greater peak plasma cardiac troponin I levels (17.96 ng/ml) as compared to peak levels in Dog‐2 (4.08 ng/ml). In addition, Dog‐1 had increased ventricular extrasystolic contractions (VE)(0/day at baseline, 443/day one week prior to death), whereas dog‐2 showed very few VE's throughout. Spectral analysis of ECG data also revealed a significant decrease over time in total spectral power in Dog‐1 from 37,148 at baseline to 603 msec²/Hz one week prior to death, indicating decreased parasympathetic tone. Endomyocardial biopsies revealed minor changes despite significant clinical abnormalities. These data indicate differences in susceptibility to AIC between Dog‐1 and Dog‐2, and suggest a role for these noninvasive measures in monitoring the heart during chemotherapy.  相似文献   

Successful management of minoxidil 5% toxicosis in 2 cats from the same household     

Tyler E. Johnson DVM  Meghan E. Fick DVM  MS  DACVECC  Jenica L. Haraschak MS  DVM  DACVECC  Mara E. Vernier DVM  Saki Kadotani DVM  MS  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2023,33(4):454-459

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Effectiveness of Combined Use of Mineral Oil and Insecticide Spray in Reducing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Potato Virus Y</Emphasis> (PVY) Spread under Field Conditions in New Brunswick,Canada     

Tyler D. B. MacKenzie  Jacques Lavoie  Xianzhou Nie  Mathuresh Singh 《American Journal of Potato Research》2017,94(1):70-80

In the 2014 and 2015 crop seasons, the efficacies of different types, rates and combinations of mineral oil and insecticide foliar sprays for reducing Potato virus Y (PVY) spread were tested in controlled field trials in New Brunswick (NB), Canada. Experimental plots were planted with certified PVY-free Goldrush, supplemented with known virus-infected seed to raise PVY inoculum to 2.3% and 3% at the beginning of the 2014 and 2015 seasons, respectively. Treatments consisted of mineral oil-only sprays at different application rates, insecticide-only sprays of differing numbers, and several combined mineral oil and insecticide spray regimes, all compared to a no-spray control treatment. PVY spread to 18% (2014) and 22% (2015) of initially virus-free plants in no-spray control plots, with significant reductions observed in PVY spread in several treatments. Greatest PVY reductions, as low as 4% (2014) and 12% (2015), were in combined mineral oil and insecticide spray treatments, followed by oil-only sprays; while insecticide-only sprays did not significantly reduce PVY spread. As well as measuring PVY spread to marked test plants and randomly collected post-harvest tuber sample from the plots, exhibited similar treatment pattern for PVY incidence. Multiple logistic regression modeling confirmed the relative efficacy of combined oil and insecticide sprays for reducing PVY spread, while accounting for variable inoculum and aphid factors. Modeling also highlighted the importance of planting low-PVY seed initially, and of early application of foliar sprays. Local best management practice recommendations for reduction of in-field PVY spread were discussed.  相似文献   

Forest succession and climate variability interacted to control fire activity over the last four centuries in an Alaskan boreal landscape     

Hoecker  Tyler J.  Higuera  Philip E. 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(2):227-241

Context

The boreal forest is globally important for its influence on Earth’s energy balance, and its sensitivity to climate change. Ecosystem functioning in boreal forests is shaped by fire activity, so anticipating the impacts of climate change requires understanding the precedence for, and consequences of, climatically induced changes in fire regimes. Long-term records of climate, fire, and vegetation are critical for gaining this understanding.

Objectives

We investigated the relative importance of climate and landscape flammability as drivers of fire activity in boreal forests by developing high-resolution records of fire history, and characterizing their centennial-scale relationships to temperature and vegetation dynamics.

Methods

We reconstructed the timing of fire activity in interior Alaska, USA, using seven lake-sediment charcoal records spanning CE 1550–2015. We developed individual and composite records of fire activity, and used correlations and qualitative comparisons to assess relationships with existing records of vegetation and climate.

Results

Our records document a dynamic relationship between climate and fire. Fire activity and temperature showed stronger coupling after ca. 1900 than in the preceding 350 yr. Biomass burning and temperatures increased concurrently during the second half of the twentieth century, to their highest point in the record. Fire activity followed pulses in black spruce establishment.

Conclusions

Fire activity was facilitated by warm temperatures and landscape-scale dominance of highly flammable mature black spruce, with a notable increase in temperature and fire activity during the twenty-first century. The results suggest that widespread burning at landscape scales is controlled by a combination of climate and vegetation dynamics that together drive flammability.

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Genome‐wide markers reveal temporal instability of local population genetic structure in the cotton fleahopper,Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Hemiptera: Miridae)     

Tyler J Raszick  Charles P‐C Suh  Charles Michael Dickens  Gregory A Sword 《Pest management science》2020,76(1):324-332

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Chesapeake bay anoxia: origin, development, and significance     

Officer CB  Biggs RB  Taft JL  Cronin LE  Tyler MA  Boynton WR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,223(4631):22-27

Anoxia occurs annually in deeper waters of the central portion of the Chesapeake Bay and presently extends from Baltimore to the mouth of the Potomac estuary. This condition, which encompasses some 5 billion cubic meters of water and lasts from May to September, is the result of increased stratification of the water column in early spring, with consequent curtailment of reoxygenation of the bottom waters across the halocline, and benthic decay of organic detritus accumulated from plankton blooms of the previous summer and fall. The Chesapeake Bay anoxia appears to have had significant ecological effects on many marine species, including several of economic importance.  相似文献   

The purification and partial characterization of carp,Cyprinus carpio,vitellogenin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Charles R. Tyler  John P. Sumpter 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1990,8(2):111-120

A procedure is described for the isolation of intact vitellogenin (c-VTG) from the carp, Cyprinus carpio. VTG was induced in juvenile females using oestradiol-17β and purified from the plasma using a combination of gel-filtration chromatography on Sepharose 6B and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Purification procedures were conducted at low temperatures (below 9°C) in the presence of the proteolytic enzyme inhibitor aprotinin to prevent degradation. Intact c-VTG had an apparent molecular mass of 390,000 Daltons, but when extracted from plasma in the absence of aprotinin it underwent proteolysis into at least 2 protein fragments (apparent molecular masses of 230,000 and 96,000 Daltons), showing an instability of the native dimer. An amino acid analysis of c-VTG showed that its composition was almost identical to goldfish VTG, a species closely allied to the true carps and also similar to other oviparous vertebrate VTGs. Collectively, these data indicate that using these purification procedures VTG from carp, and probably other teleost species, can be isolated in an intact, highly purified form.  相似文献