Correction to: Predation on glass eels of Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis> in the Tone River Estuary,Japan     

Yoichi Miyake  Aigo Takeshige  Hikaru Itakura  Hajime Itoh  Hiroaki Onda  Akira Yamaguchi  Akihito Yoneta  Kohma Arai  Yulina V. Hane  Shingo Kimura 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(6):1015-1016

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Alessandro Bonanno and Lawrence Busch (eds): Handbook of the international political economy of agriculture and food     

Marie Louise Ryan 《Agriculture and Human Values》2018,35(3):731-732

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Acknowledgement to referees     

Georg Erhardt  Franz Pirchner  Lawrence R. Schaeffer  Henner Simianer  Gerald Stranzinger 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2003,120(1):68-72

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Wetland effects on lake water quality in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area     

Naomi E. Detenbeck  Carol A. Johnston  Gerald J. Niemi 《Landscape Ecology》1993,8(1):39-61

A method developed to evaluate the cumulative effect of wetland mosaics on water quality was applied to 33 lake watersheds in the seven-county region surrounding Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to record and measure landscape variables derived from aerial photos. Twenty-seven watershed land-use and land-cover variables were reduced to eight principal components which described 85% of the variance among watersheds. Relationships between lake water quality variables and the first six principal components plus an index of lake mixis were analyzed through stepwise multiple regression analysis. A combination of three landscape components (wetland/watershed area, agriculture/wetlands, and forest/soils components) explained 49% of the variance in a trophic state index, even though most of the lakes examined were already highly eutrophic, and thus were influenced by internal loading. The regression equations explained a range of 14 to 76% of the variation in individual water quality variables. Forested land-use was associated with lower lake trophic state, chloride, and lead. High lake trophic state was associated with agricultural land-use and with wetland distance from the lake of interest. The extent of wetlands was associated with low total lead and high color in lakes downstream. Wet meadows or herbaceous, seasonally-flooded wetlands contributed more to lake water color than did cattail marshes.  相似文献   

Mycotoxicoses. 3. Antifungal and antimycotoxic activity of 8-hydroxyquinoline under laboratory and simulated field conditions     

J Forgacs  H Koch  R H White-Stevens 《Avian diseases》1963,7(1):56-66

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‘Plantibodies’: a flexible approach to design resistance against pathogens     

A. Schots  J. De Boer  A. Schouten  J. Roosien  J. F. Zil Verentant  H. Pomp  L. Bouwman-Smits  H. Overmars  F. J. Gommers  B. Visser  W. J. Stiekema  J. Bakker 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):183-191

Engineering resistance against various diseases and pests is hampered by the lack of suitable genes. To overcome this problem we started a research program aimed at obtaining resistance by transfecting plants with genes encoding monoclonal antibodies against pathogen specific proteins. The idea is that monoclonal antibodies will inhibit the biological activity of molecules that are essential for the pathogenesis. Potato cyst nematodes are chosen as a model and it is thought that monoclonal antibodies are able to block the function of the saliva proteins of this parasite. These proteins are, among others, responsible for the induction of multinucleate transfer cells upon which the nematode feeds. It is well documented that the ability of antibodies to bind molecules is sufficient to inactivate the function of an antigen and in view of the potential of animals to synthesize antibodies to almost any molecular structure, this strategy should be feasible for a wide range of diseases and pests.Antibodies have several desirable features with regard to protein engineering. The antibody (IgG) is a Y-shaped molecule, in which the domains forming the tips of the arms bind to antigen and those forming the stem are responsible for triggering effector functions (Fc fragments) that eliminate the antigen from the animal. Domains carrying the antigen-binding loops (Fv and Fab fragments) can be used separately from the Fc fragments without loss of affinity. The antigen-binding domains can also be endowed with new properties by fusing them to toxins or enzymes. Antibody engineering is also facilitated by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A systematic comparison of the nucleotide sequence of more than 100 antibodies revealed that not only the 3′-ends, but also the 5′-ends of the antibody genes are relatively conserved. We were able to design a small set of primers with restriction sites for forced cloning, which allowed the amplification of genes encoding antibodies specific for the saliva proteins ofGlobodera rostochiensis. Complete heavy and light chain genes as well as single chain Fv fragments (scFv), in which the variable parts of the light (V_L) and heavy chain (V_H) are linked by a peptide, will be transferred to potato plants. A major challenge will be to establish a correct expression of the antibody genes with regard to three dimensional folding, assembly and intracellular location.  相似文献   

The in vivo sensitivity of ATPases to DDT,DDE, and physical immobilization in American cockroaches     

L.K. Cutkomp  D. Desaiah  E.Y. Cheng  E.V. Vea  R.B. Koch 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1976,6(3):203-208

American cockroaches injected with sublethal doses of DDT (0.75 μg/roach) at 5-day intervals showed a 40% reduction in oligomycin-sensitive Mg²⁺ATPase from muscle homogenates, and a 23% reduction of Na⁺-K⁺ATPase from nerve cords. Thus, the maximum effect measured occurred with the same enzyme and tissue as determined from in vitro studies. The metabolite, DDE, used at 15 μg per roach, gave no significant change in activity of the ATPase system following injection. In contrast, high single doses of DDT (7.5 μg/roach) and 100 μg DDE and dicofol per roach caused over 30% increase in oligomycin-sensitive Mg²⁺ATPase of muscle and a 10–15% increase in Na⁺-K⁺ATPase of nerve cords measured 24 and 48 hr later. While a similar response was observed for Mg²⁺ATPase activities in cockroaches that were immobilized, the increase in enzyme activities were much greater than that caused by the pesticides.  相似文献   

Alfalfa metabolism of propham     

Gerald G. Still  E.R. Mansager 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(6):515-522

Root-treated alfalfa absorbs, translocates, and metabolizes [phenyl-¹⁴C]isopropyl carbanilate ([¹⁴C]propham). After 7 days of root treatment, the distribution of radiolabel was 73% for shoots and 27% for roots. Shoots and roots were extracted and separated into the polar, nonpolar, and solid residual components using a mixture of chloroform, methanol and water. The insoluble residues accounted for approximately 40% of the ¹⁴C found in shoots and roots. The nonpolar fraction (6.1% of the radiolabel in shoots and roots) was not characterized, but was shown to be some component other than parent propham. Propham was not found in either shoots or roots. The polar metabolites were partly purified on Amberlite XAD-2. Cellulase-liberated aglycones were derivatized and separated by high-performance liquid and gas-liquid chromatography. The infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral data showed that the polar metabolites of alfalfa shoots and roots were glycoside conjugates of isopropyl 2-hydroxycarbanilate (2-hydroxypropham) and isopropyl 4-hydroxycarbanilate (4-hydroxypropham). Conjugated 4-hydroxypropham accounted for 45.9% of the ¹⁴C in the shoots and 3.4% of the ¹⁴C in the roots. Conjugated 2-hydroxypropham accounted for 3.4% of the ¹⁴C in the shoots and 1.4% of the ¹⁴C in the roots.  相似文献   

Mercapturic acid formation in the metabolism of propachlor,CDAA, and fluorodifen in the rat     

Gerald L. Lamoureux  Kenneth L. Davison 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(6):497-506

When [¹⁴C]F₃-fluorodifen (2,4′-dinitro-4-trifluoromethyl diphenylether), carbonyl-[¹⁴C]CDAA (N,N-diallyl-2-chloroacetamide), and carbonyl-¹⁴C-propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide) were fed to rats, 57 to 86% of the ¹⁴C was excreted via the urine within 48 hr. Although very little radioactivity was excreted in the feces of CDAA-treated rats, 15–22% of the ¹⁴C was excreted in the feces of propachlor- of fluorodifentreated rats and an average of 8% of the ¹⁴C remained in these rats 48 hr after treatment. Oxidation of the ¹⁴C label to [¹⁴C]O₂ was not a major process in the metabolism of these herbicides. The only major radioactive metabolite present in the 24-h urine of fluorodifen-treated rats, 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl mercapturic acid, accounted for 41% of the administered dose of ¹⁴C. In the metabolism of CDAA, the corresponding mercapturic acid accounted for 76% of the dose; it was the only major metabolite present in the 24-h urine. In contrast, three major metabolites were detected in the 24-h urine of propachlortreated rats, and the mercapturic acid accounted for only 20% of the dose. The mercapturic acid of each herbicide was identified by mass spectrometry.  相似文献   

Characteristics for Practical Use of Attenuated Isolate UA-Fukushima of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato mosaic virus</Emphasis>     

Tsutomu MATSUMOTO  Yuichiro NARA  Hiromitsu FURUYA  Harumi TAKAHASHI  Kiichi TAIRAKO  Hideki YAMAMOTO 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):382-384

L₁₁A-Fukushima (L₁₁A-F) derived from attenuated isolate LuA of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) has the highest ability to cross protect against virulent ToMV among LuA and its derivatives and is stably inherited. Growth, yield, fruit quality and symptom attenuation of inoculated tomato plants did not differ significantly between L₁₁A-F and L₁₁A. The infectivity of progeny viruses in tomato infected with LuA-F was less than 4% of that with virulent ToMV. From these results, L₁₁A-F appears to possess the properties necessary for practical use. To manage L₁₁A-F strictly, a PCR-based assay to detect trace contamination of virulent ToMV in L₁₁A-F preparations was established. Received 10 June 2002/ Accepted in revised form 30 October 2002  相似文献