Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of gelatin hydrolysates and identification of bioactive peptides     

Herregods G  Van Camp J  Morel N  Ghesquière B  Gevaert K  Vercruysse L  Dierckx S  Quanten E  Smagghe G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(2):552-558

In this project we report on the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity of a bovine gelatin hydrolysate (Bh2) that was submitted to further hydrolysis by different enzymes. The thermolysin hydrolysate (Bh2t) showed the highest in vitro ACE inhibitory activity, and interestingly a marked in vivo blood pressure-lowering effect was demonstrated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In contrast, Bh2 showed no effect in SHR, confirming the need for the extra thermolysin hydrolysis. Hence, an angiotensin I-evoked contractile response in isolated rat aortic rings was inhibited by Bh2t, but not by Bh2, suggesting ACE inhibition as the underlying antihypertensive mechanism for Bh2t. Using mass spectrometry, seven small peptides, AG, AGP, VGP, PY, QY, DY and IY or LY or HO-PY were identified in Bh2t. As these peptides showed ACE inhibitory activity and were more prominent in Bh2t than in Bh2, the current data provide evidence that these contribute to the antihypertensive effect of Bh2t.  相似文献   

Anatomical and histological aspects of the bovine lingual tonsil     

Cocquyt G  Simoens P  Muylle S  Van den Broeck W 《Research in veterinary science》2008,84(2):166-173

The localization of the bovine lingual tonsil is described as a prerequisite for the removal of specified risk material from the tongue meat in order to restrict the risk arising from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to public health. The major part of this tonsil can be located macroscopically by the openings of its follicular crypts at the root of tongue. This part consists of organized aggregations of lymph nodules. Additional solitary primary lymph nodules and diffuse accumulations of lymphocytes are macroscopically invisible but are bilaterally present in the area extending 2 cm caudal to 3 cm rostral to the last vallate papillae. By sectioning the tongue 3 cm rostral to the last vallate papillae, undermining the lingual mucosa to the level of these papillae and making a transverse cut towards the lingual process of the basihyoid bone, the greater part of the lingual tonsil can efficiently be removed. Finally, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the presence of T and B lymphocytes, suggesting that the bovine lingual tonsil can be considered as a site where an immune response can be induced.  相似文献   

Potential contribution of organosilicon compounds to reduced leaching of biocides in wood protection     

Liesbeth De Vetter  Griet Depraetere  Marc Stevens  Colin Janssen  Joris Van Acker 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(2):209-209

? Leaching of biocide treated wood leads to reduced effectiveness and potential threat to the environment.

? Therefore the effectiveness of organosilicons as protective systems of biocides was evaluated. Scots pine sapwood specimens were impregnated with solely organosilicons and biocides as well as with combinations of both.

? The biocides 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate, propiconazole and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride confirmed their effectiveness regardless the addition of an organosilicon. Low leachate toxicities to the crustacean Daphnia magna were found for the organosilicons, whereas significant leachate toxicities were measured for the biocides. Combining both did not considerably diminish the leachate toxicities.

? It must therefore be concluded that under the circumstances as described in this article, organosilicons do not interfere with the efficacy of the biocides, but they do not contribute to a reduced leaching of the biocides either.

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Methodology to assess both the efficacy and ecotoxicology of preservative-treated and modified wood     

Liesbeth De Vetter  Griet Depraetere  Colin Janssen  Marc Stevens  Joris Van Acker 《Annals of Forest Science》2008,65(5):504-504

? Wood used in outdoor conditions out of ground contact is susceptible to weathering, inducing both fungal decay and leaching of components to the environment.

? This paper presents a methodology to determine these two parameters for untreated, preservative-treated and modified wood. Therefore, the wood was first leached and subsequently exposed to fungal decay of the most prominent wood-rotting fungi. The crustacean Daphnia magna was exposed to the leachates to provide information on their impact on the environment.

? Combining both parameters reveals that preservative-treated wood and modified wood are capable of protecting the wood adequately for application under use class 3 conditions without posing a threat to the environment.

? This proves the suitability of the concept of combining efficacy and ecotoxicology for the evaluation of new types of wood treatments.

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ACE inhibitory activity in enzymatic hydrolysates of insect protein   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Vercruysse L  Smagghe G  Herregods G  Van Camp J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(13):5207-5211

In this paper, ACE inhibitory activity in insect protein hydrolyzed by various enzymes (gastrointestinal proteases, alcalase, and thermolysin) is reported for the first time. Four insects of different insect orders were tested: Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera), Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera), Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera), and Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera). ACE inhibitory activity was measured by two different methods: a spectrophotometric method using FAPGG (2-furanacryloyl-phenylalanyl-glycyl-glycine) as substrate, and an HPLC method using dansyltriglycine (DTG) as substrate. Hydrolysis of the insect protein resulted in an increased ACE inhibitory activity. Overall, the highest ACE inhibitory activity was obtained after gastrointestinal digestion. These results suggest a role for insect protein as antihypertensive component in functional foods and nutraceuticals. Furthermore, the ACE inhibitory activity differed according to the method used. As a consequence, there is a need to standardize methodologies to evaluate ACE inhibitory activity.  相似文献   

Unilateral retrobulbar hematoma following maxillary nerve block in a dog          下载免费PDF全文

Claire M. Loughran BVSc  MACVSc  Griet Haitjema BSc  BVMS  MVS  FACVSc  DECVAA  Zigrida Chester BSc  BVMS 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2016,26(6):815-818

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Medium-term evaluation of a forest soil restoration trial combining tree species change, fertilisation and earthworm introduction: The 7th international symposium on earthworm ecology · Cardiff · Wales · 2002     

Bart Muys  Griet Beckers  Lieven Nachtergale  Noël Lust  Roel Merckx  Philippe Granval 《Pedobiologia》2003,47(5-6):772-783

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Development and credibility assessment of a metamodel relating water table depth to agricultural production     

Griet Heuvelmans 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(11):1731-119

Phreatic groundwater pumping is affecting water availability for crops in areas with a shallow water table. This can reduce crop growth and so affect farm income. There is a need for a generic and transparent method to assess the agricultural damage caused by water table drawdown. This paper proposes such a method that consists of ‘damage tables’ relating agricultural production losses to the groundwater regime for different soil/crop combinations found in Northern Belgium. The damage tables are constructed based on numerous simulations with the agrohydrological model SWAP, in which the bottom boundary conditions are gradually changed to reflect different groundwater regimes. The credibility of the resulting metamodel is assessed in three ways: using (1) field data, (2) an existing local expert system for land suitability assessment and (3) literature applying to a wider region. Field data of actual transpiration for two grasslands do not systematically deviate from the model predictions. This provides some credibility to the claim that the model captures the processes determining evapotranspiration and agricultural production. The local expert system allows us to evaluate the range of groundwater regimes where optimal growth is expected for maize and grassland across different soil types. Diverging predictions of the optimal groundwater regime between the metamodel and the local expert system can be explained in terms of differences in assumptions underlying both models. One notable limitation of the damage tables is that only direct physiological stress is reckoned while indirect effects of wet conditions (decreased accessibility of the terrain, soil structural damage) may also limit growth on soils with a water table near the surface. Further comparison with literature data focused on two issues: the contribution of groundwater to evapotranspiration and the extinction depth, i.e., the depth at which groundwater no longer contributes to evapotranspiration. This comparison revealed that damage tables developed for our area of interest are only valid under similar climatic conditions for the following two reasons: they assume a relatively small groundwater contribution to evapotranspiration, which is typical for humid climates, and they take into account temporal variations in plant characteristics such as root depth, which is also climate dependent.  相似文献