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Three different pond bottom treatments were evaluated in 12 earthen ponds. Bottoms of four ponds on the Auburn University Fisheries Research Unit, Auburn, Alabama, were dried for 1 mo and tilled with a roto-tiller (dry-till treatment). Four other ponds were dried and tilled, and after filling with water, enough gypsum (calcium sulfate) was applied to give a total hardness of about 200 mg/L. Gypsum was reapplied as needed to maintain the hardness (dry-till with gypsum treatment). Four ponds were not subjected to bottom drying, tilling or gypsum treatment (controls). Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerings were stocked at 15,000/ha. Selected water quality variables were measured at 1- to 2-wk intervals during the growing season. Concentrations of most variables increased over time because feeding rate was increased progressively as fish grew. Compared to the controls, both treatments had lower concentrations of total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphorus, and higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen ( P < 0.05). In addition, ponds of the dry-till with gypsum treatment had in addition lower concentrations ( P < 0.05) of chlorophyll a , chemical oxygen demand, gross primary productivity, and total alkalinity than control ponds. The reduction in chlorophyll a concentration suggested less phytoplankton in gypsum-treated ponds, and this effect was probably related to lower phosphorus availability because of calcium phosphate formation. Secchi disk visibility, total suspended solids concentrations, and turbidity did not differ significantly among the treatments ( P < 0.05). Total fish production and survival rate did not differ significantly ( P < 0.05) among the treatments. These findings suggest that water quality improvement can be achieved by drying and tilling pond bottoms between crops, and benefits possibly may be increased by treating low hardness waters with gypsum. 相似文献
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Evaluation of the Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Method for the Measurement of Total Nitrogen in Water 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract.— A simple, accurate, and environmentally sound procedure based on spectroscopy in the UV range was modified to measure total nitrogen concentrations in both freshwater and brackishwater. Water samples from freshwater fish ponds were analyzed for total nitrogen with the persulfate digestion method followed by analysis of nitrate with the UV method for comparison with the NAS reagent method. Brackishwater samples with salinities of 8 to 10 ppt from shrimp ponds were digested by the persulfate method and analyzed with the UV method. Percentage recovery of nitrogen and also precision were evaluated for the UV method. Nitrate concentrations in the freshwater persulfate digests determined by the UV method were similar to those obtained by the NAS reagent method ( P < 0.05). The slope of the regression line did not differ from 1.0 ( P < 0.05). Precision of both methods was acceptable over the range of nitrogen concentration used, but precision of the UV method tended to be better than that of the NAS method. Spike recovery averaged 97.4% in the NAS reagent method and 107.2% in the UV method. Interference from organic matter was minor in the UV method, because virtually all of the organic matter was oxidized during the digestion. Precision with brackishwater samples was slightly better than the freshwater samples and percentage spike recovery averaged 102.8%. Because spectrophotometers in most laboratories have the capability of reading in the UV range, the UV method is an attractive alternative for total nitrogen analysis. 相似文献
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化学需氧量（Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD）是衡量水质状况的最重要参数之一,反映水体受还原性物质污染的程度。该研究采用改进的完全集合经验模式分解（Improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition With Adaptive Noise, ICEEMDAN）、变分模式分解（Variational Mode Decomposition, VMD）相结合的双层数据分解算法,并利用双向长短期记忆（Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory, BLSTM）神经网络,提出了一种混合模型IVB（Improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition With Adaptive Noise-Variational Mode Decomposition - Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory）,并以鄱阳湖高锰酸盐指数（Permanganate index, CODMn）监测数据为研究对象,进行案例研究。结果表明,IVB模型具有良好的预测性能：1 d以后的CODMn预测中,IVB模型的平均绝对百分比误差为2.21%,与单一BLSTM神经网络模型相比降低了10.57个百分点,而与IB (Improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition With Adaptive Noise - Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory)模型相比降低了4.62个百分点;7 d以后的CODMn预测中,IVB模型的平均绝对百分比误差为8.18%,与单一BLSTM神经网络模型相比降低了16.34个百分点,而与IB模型相比降低了4.68个百分点。这项研究表明,所开发的IVB模型可以用作水资源管理的有效分析与决策工具。 相似文献
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Won?Seok?LyooEmail author Jin?Woo?Kwak Seok?Kyun?Noh Dae?Heum?Kim Jinwon?Lee Nakjoong?Kim Ki?Hong?Park Chul?Joo?Lee 《Fibers and Polymers》2004,5(2):89-94
N-Vinylcarbazole (VCZ) was solution-polymerized in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 25, 35, and 45 °C using a room temperature initiator,
2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (ADMVN); the effects of amount of solvent, polymerization temperature, and initiator
concentration were investigated. On the whole, the experimental results corresponded to predicted ones. Room polymerization
temperature using ADMVN proved to be successful in obtaining poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVCZ) of high molecular weight with small
temperature rise during polymerization, nevertheless of free radical polymerization by azoinitiator. The polymerization rate
of VCZ in THF was proportional to the 0.47 power of ADMVN concentration. The molecular weight was higher and the molecular
weight distribution was narrower with PVCZ polymerized at lower temperatures. For PVCZ prepared in THF at 25 °C using ADMVN
concentration of 0.00005 mol/mol of VCZ, weight-average molecular weight of 221,000 was obtained, with polydispersity index
of 2.05, and degree of lightness converged to about 99 %. 相似文献
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In this study, waste lignocellulosic sawdust was converted to carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) by the combination process of an inorganic base (NaOH) and a weak acid (monochloroacetic acid, MCA). Optimum conditions for the pretreatment were studied on the basis of lignin and hemicellulose removal. NaOH and MCA concentration, reaction time, and operating temperature were the parameters studied to acquire the optimized conditions for the production of CMC. Degree of substitution (DS) and solubility were greatly influenced by the changes in the experimental conditions. DS increased on increasing the concentration of NaOH and MCA but the effect was more profound during the NaOH loading. A maximum DS of 0.5 was obtained on the treatment with 20 % NaOH and 20 % MCA concentration at 50 °C, 150 rpm for 4 h. 1.28 g CMC/g cellulose was obtained at the optimized set of conditions. Structural information of cellulose and CMC was obtained using IR spectroscopy and the surface morphology was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Carboxymethylcellulose showed lower crystallinity than the native cellulose extracted from sawdust which was studied using X-ray diffraction. 相似文献
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Won?Seok?LyooEmail author Seok?Kyun?Noh Jeong?Hyun?Yeum Gu?Chan?Kang Han?Do?Ghim Jinwon?Lee Byung?Chul?Ji 《Fibers and Polymers》2004,5(1):75-81
To obtain high molecular weight (HMW) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with high conversion, methyl methacrylate (MMA) was
polymerized in suspension using a room temperature initiator, 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (ADMVN), and the effects
of polymerization conditions on the polymerization behavior of MMA and the molecular parameters of PMMA were investigated.
On the whole, the experimental results well corresponded to the theoretically predicted tendencies. These effects could be
explained by a kinetic order of ADMVN concentration calculated by an initial rate method and an activation energy difference
of polymerization obtained from the Arrhenius plot. Suspension polymerization at 25 °C by adopting ADMVN proved to be successful
in obtaining PMMA of HMW (number-average degree of polymerization (Pn): 30,900–36,100) and of high yield (ultimate conversion of MMA into PMMA: 83–93 %) with diminishing heat generated during
polymerization. The Pn and lightness were higher and polydispersity index was lower with PMMA polymerized at lower temperatures. 相似文献
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Kim Jinwon Hiltpold Ivan Jaffuel Geoffrey Sbaiti Ilham Hibbard Bruce E. Turlings Ted C. J. 《Journal of pest science》2021,94(4):1197-1208
Journal of Pest Science - Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) have great potential as biological control agents against root-feeding insects. They have a rapid and long-lasting mode of action, minimal... 相似文献
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