The sociology of the danwei: the chinese hospital     

Madsen R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,226(4681):1411-1412

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Maternal-fetal utilization of copper by sheep     

B R Moss  F Madsen  S L Hansard  C T Gamble 《Journal of animal science》1974,38(2):475-479

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Dietary calcium-phosphorus ratios for growing pigs in relation to serum levels and bone development     

N C Nielsen  S Andersen  A Madsen  H P Mortensen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1971,12(2):202-219

Two experiments comprising a total of 80 Danish Landrace pigs in the period 20–90 kg live-weight were carried out to study the effect of dietary levels and ratios of Ca and P on serum values of Ca, inorg. P, and alkaline phosphatase and on the development of degenerative arthritis and atrophic rhinitis.In both experiments each kg feed (Table 1) was supplemented with 600 i. u. vitamin D₃ and 80 p. p. m. Zn.In the first experiment the Ca:P ratio was 1.2 and the amount of Ca increased from 0.48 % to 1.20 % without influencing daily gain, feed conversion, carcass performance (Table 2) or frequency of atrophic rhinitis (Table 3). The Ca:P ratio in scapula was 2.15. Only when the diet was supplemented with 1.20 % Ga and 1.00 % P the bone quality was histomorphologically adequate (Figs. 1–4).In the second experiment various Ca:P ratios (ranging from 0.1 to 3.0) were compared with the recommended level and ratio of 0.72 % Ga and 0.60 % P. Performance of pigs on the normal level was better than for the other pigs (Table 4). Clinically, various degrees of leg-weakness and -deformation occurred, most pronounced in the high Ca — low P group. Very little lameness and no convulsions were observed. Marked hypocalcemia was not found. Unilateral high Ca intake increased serum Ca significantly, and serum alkaline phosphatase slightly, and decreased serum P (Figs. 5–7). Advanced pericytic osteolysis, poor mineralization and generalized osteodystrophia fibrosa were found in the low Ca groups (Figs. 8–13). The groups showed no differences in frequency of atrophic rhinitis (Table 5), and rickets was not observed.The incidence of degenerative joint lesions was not increased in pigs on the unfavourable Ca:P ratios, and depended apparently more on litters than on diets.  相似文献   

Comparisons of sampling procedures and time of sampling for the detection of Salmonella in Danish infected chicken flocks raised in floor systems     

Gradel KO  Andersen J  Madsen M 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2002,43(1):21-30

Bacteriological follow-up samples were taken from 41 chicken (Gallus gallus) flocks in floor systems, where Salmonella enterica (Salmonella) had been detected either directly in bacteriological samples or indirectly by serological samples. Three types of follow-up samples were compared to each other within each flock: 1) 5 pairs of socks, analysed as 5 samples, 2) 2 pairs of socks, analysed as one sample, and 3) 60 faecal samples, analysed as one pooled sample. Agreement between sampling methods was evaluated by the following statistical tests: 'Kappa', 'The adjusted rand', McNemar's test for marginal symmetry, Proportion of agreement P0, P+, P-, and Odds Ratio. The highest agreement was found between the 2 types of sock sampling, while the lowest agreement was found by comparing 60 faecal samples with 5 pairs of socks. Two pairs of socks analysed as one pool appeared to be just as effective in detecting S. enterica as the 60 faecal samples. In broiler flocks, 5 pairs of socks were used both in the routine samples taken at about 3 weeks of age for the establishment of infection of the flock, and as one of the follow-up samples taken shortly before slaughter age, which means that the only notable differences between the 2 sampling rounds were the age of the broilers and of their litter. S. enterica was detected more frequently in samples from broilers about 3 weeks old, than in similar samples taken from broilers a few days prior to slaughter at ca. 33-40 days of age.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of resistance genes in staphylococci from poultry     

Aarestrup FM  AgersŁ Y  Ahrens P  JŁrgensen JC  Madsen M  Jensen LB 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,74(4):353-364

The species distribution, susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial agents and presence of selected genes encoding resistance to macrolides, streptogramins and tetracyclines were examined among 118 staphylococcal isolates from infections of poultry in Denmark. Isolates were identified using a combination of conventional biochemical testing and 16S rDNA sequencing. The most common species were Staphylococcus aureus (83), Staphylococcus hyicus (11), Staphylococcus xylosus (9) and Staphylococcus cohnii (6). The isolates were susceptible to most antimicrobials tested. A high frequency of S. aureus (30%) was resistant to ciprofloxacin. Only six (7%) S. aureus isolates and one Staphylococcus saprophyticus were penicillin resistant. Resistance to sulphamethoxazole was observed among 16 (19%) of S. aureus isolates and two coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS). Twenty (24%) of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to erythromycin and 19 of these isolates contained the ermA gene, whereas the remaining isolate contained the ermC gene. Eleven (48%) of the novobiocin resistant CNS were resistant to erythromycin and all these isolates contained the ermA gene. Two isolates identified as S. xylosus, were found to be resistant to streptogramins and both contained the vatB- and the vgaB-genes. Thirty-nine (47%) of the S. aureus isolates, three of nine S. hyicus and eight of the 23 novobiocin resistant CNS were tetracycline resistant and all contained the tet(K) gene. A single S. aureus isolate also contained the tet(M) gene. The present study showed a frequent occurrence of resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracycline and macrolides among staphylococci isolated from broilers in Denmark, whereas the occurrence of resistance to other antimicrobial agents remains low. Similar genes, encoding resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline and streptogramins to those previously observed, were detected.  相似文献   

Cortisol treatment improves the development of hypoosmoregulatory mechanisms in the euryhaline rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri     

Steffen S. Madsen 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1990,8(1):45-52

The effect of cortisol on osmoregulatory parameters was studied in rainbow trout, (Salmo gairdneri), kept in freshwater (FW) and/or transferred to seawater (SW). Repeated injections of 20 μg cortisol/g fish stimulated gill and gut Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity and reduced plasma Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels after 2 weeks of treatment in FW-adapted fish. Cortisol doses of 0.05 and 1.0 μg/g were without effect. Repeated injections of 10 μg cortisol/g stimulated gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity and reduced plasma Na+ and Cl⁻ levels in fish in FW, and significantly improved ion regulation after their transfer to 28SW. Higher doses of cortisol (10 and 20 μg/g) induced hyperglycemia, whereas low doses (0.05 and 1.0 μg/g were without effect or induced hypoglycemia. Plasma glucose levels decreased in cortisol-treated fish transferred to SW, whereas transient hyperglycemia was seen in the control fish.  相似文献   

Flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), hatcheries: studies on broodstock, eggs, fry and environment     

Madsen L  Møller JD  Dalsgaard I 《Journal of fish diseases》2005,28(1):39-47

The occurrence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum at four rainbow trout hatcheries was investigated to provide more knowledge about the reservoirs and transmission of this bacterium. Broodstock were sampled at stripping (including both unfertilized and fertilized eggs), and the offspring were then sampled at the eyed egg and fry stages. Water and surface samples (e.g. hatchery trays) were also sampled. Flavobacterium psychrophilum was found in ovarian fluid and milt, indicating that broodstock may serve as a reservoir and are latent carriers of the pathogen. Flavobacterium psychrophilum was not found on or inside eggs, but further egg studies will be necessary to elucidate the possibility of vertical transmission of the pathogen. Flavobacterium psychrophilum was isolated from water samples, but only from water that had been in close contact with farmed rainbow trout or eggs. Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates were characterized and compared with well-characterized strains, using degradation of elastin, serotype and ribotype profiles. Different ribotypes of F. psychrophilum were found between hatcheries, but a common ribotype A was found at all four hatcheries. Different ribotypes were found in broodstock without clinical disease, whereas only a few ribotypes (mostly ribotype A) were found in diseased fry. The same ribotype A was found in broodstock, in water samples from hatchery trays and in fry, which suggests the possibility of transmission of F. psychrophilum between broodstock and offspring.  相似文献   

Physiology of seawater acclimation in the striped bass,Morone saxatilis (Walbaum)     

Steffen S. Madsen  Stephen D. McCormick  Graham Young  Jeanette S. Endersen  Richard S. Nishioka  Howard A. Bern 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(1):1-11

Several experiments were performed to investigate the physiology of seawater acclimation in the striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Transfer of fish from fresh water (FW) to seawater (SW; 31–32 ppt) induced only a minimal disturbance of osmotic homeostasis. Ambient salinity did not affect plasma thyroxine, but plasma cortisol remained elevated for 24h after SW transfer. Gill and opercular membrane chloride cell density and Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity were relatively high and unaffected by salinity. Average chloride cell size, however, was slightly increased (16%) in SW-acclimated fish. Gill succinate dehydrogenase activity was higher in SW-acclimated fish than in FW fish. Kidney Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity was slightly lower (16%) in SW fish than in FW fish. Posterior intestinal Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity and water transport capacity (J_v) did not change upon SW transfer, whereas middle intestinal Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity increased 35% after transfer and was correlated with an increase in J_v (110%). As salinity induced only minor changes in the osmoregulatory organs examined, it is proposed that the intrinsic euryhalinity of the striped bass may be related to a high degree of “preparedness” for hypoosmoregulation that is uncommon among teleosts studied to data.  相似文献   

Procollagen type-III aminoterminal peptide in serum and synovial fluid of dogs with hip dysplasia and coxarthrosis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J S Madsen  L T Jensen  H Str?m  K H?rslev-Petersen  E Svalastoga 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(10):1544-1546

Hip dysplasia is an affection of the coxofemoral joint that progresses until stabilization is caused by fibrosis and osteoarthritic changes. This stabilization process can be examined by clinical and radiographic methods. The capability of evaluating the procollagen concentrations in liquids, such as serum and synovial fluid, has further offered the basis for an objective biochemical evaluation of the stabilization process. Our study was performed to evaluate whether determination of procollagen concentrations was suitable for the use in practice. The procollagen type-III aminoterminal peptide (P-III-NP) concentration was measured in serum and in synovial fluid from coxofemoral joints in 20 dogs. Dogs were grouped on the basis of evidence of dysplasia and osteoarthritic changes of the hip: (1) a control group of 6 dogs without clinical or radiographic signs of hip dysplasia, and (2) dysplastic group of 14 dogs, which was further grouped with respect to the coxofemoral joint laxity, as determined by the Ortolani test. Synovial fluid concentration of P-III-NP was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in fluid from dysplastic joints than in fluid from normal joints. Serum concentrations of P-III-NP were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in dogs in which results of the Ortolani test were positive.  相似文献   

Linkage and quantitative trait locus mapping of foliage late blight resistance in the wild species Solanum vernei   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. K. Sørensen    M. H. Madsen    H. G. Kirk    D. K. Madsen    A. M. Torp 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(3):268-276

The global cultivation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) is threatened by epidemics caused by new variants of the late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. New sources of durable late blight resistance are urgently needed and these may be found in wild Solanum species. The diploid wild species, S. vernei, has not previously been subjected to mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for late blight resistance. Two populations designated HGIHJS and HGG, originating from a cross between a clone of S. vernei and two different S. tuberosum clones were evaluated in field trials for late blight infestation. The relative area under the disease progress curve (RAUDPC) was estimated and used for QTL mapping. A linkage map of S. vernei, comprising 11 linkage groups, nine of which could be assigned to chromosomes, was constructed. Results indicated that the resistance in S. vernei was quantitatively inherited. Significant QTLs for late blight resistance were identified on chromosomes VIII (HGG), VI and IX (HGIHJS). In addition, potential QTLs were detected on chromosomes VII (HGIHJS) and IX (HGG). A putative and a significant QTL for tuber yield were found on chromosomes VI and VII in HGG, but no linkage between yield and resistance was indicated. The QTL for late blight resistance, which mapped to chromosome IX, could be useful for late blight resistance breeding as it was located close to the microsatellite marker STM1051 in both populations.  相似文献