A review of okara (soybean curd residue) utilization as animal feed: Nutritive value and animal performance aspects     

Mohammad Mijanur Rahman  Khairiyah Mat  Genki Ishigaki  Ryo Akashi 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13594

Year by year, huge quantities of by-products are generated during the manufacturing process of soybean-based products. Okara is one of the by-products, and it is an insoluble portion of the soybean. It consists of high moisture (8.4–22.9%); on dry matter basis, it contains high metabolizable energy (9.0–14.2 MJ/kg) and other components that include crude protein (20.9–39.1%), crude fiber (12.2–61.3%), crude fat (4.9–21.5%), and ash (3.4–5.3%). Fermentation of okara improves its nutritional quality and reduces its anti-nutrient contents. Due to animals' palatability, okara can be used to replace the soybean meal/concentrate feed partially or completely in ruminant's diet and partially in nonruminant's diet. Okara feeding does not depress the intake, digestibility, growth, milk production, blood metabolic profiles, and meat quality of animals. However, this by-product decays quickly due to its high moisture content, and its heavy weight and sticky nature make it difficult to process and expensive to dry using conventional methods. This paper thoroughly summarizes the utilization of okara as animal feed in the cause of developing a general guideline with favorable levels of inclusion in the diets of animals for its exploitation and valorization. This review will encourage further research to develop eco-friendly and value added feed for animals.  相似文献   

REVIEW: Properties of Cereal Brans: A Review     

Chiemela Enyinnaya Chinma  Yogeshini Ramakrishnan  Muna Ilowefah  Mat Hanis‐Syazwani  Kharidah Muhammad 《Cereal Chemistry》2015,92(1):1-7

Cereal brans are functional ingredients with high nutritive value and enormous health properties. Cereal brans have not been fully utilized in food systems despite their health benefits. This review presents an overview on the physical, chemical, microbiological, functional, and sensory properties of cereal brans for possible comparisons and selection to enhance the utilization of this underutilized milling fraction.  相似文献   

Epidemiologic investigation of an outbreak of goose parvovirus infection in Sweden   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jansson DS  Feinstein R  Kardi V  Mató T  Palya V 《Avian diseases》2007,51(2):609-613

An outbreak of goose parvovirus (GPV) infection on a Swedish goose farm in the spring of 2004 increased the mortality rates from 2% in the early unaffected hatches to 90% and 99% respectively in the two hatches following virus introduction and 40% in goslings hatched later in the same breeding season. In this paper we describe the clinical observations, diagnostic procedures, and epidemiologic investigation carried out to elucidate the source of the infection. The diagnosis was confirmed by serology, virus isolation, and sequence analysis of a 493-bp-long fragment of the VP1 gene. Phylogenetically the causative virus was closely related to pathogenic GPV strains isolated in 2003 and 2004 from Poland and the United Kingdom, respectively. The Swedish isolate exhibited less homology with pathogenic strains from Hungary and Asia and with attenuated vaccine strains. The epidemiologic investigation showed that the virus was first introduced to a contract farm (farm A) and then was transferred with newly hatched goslings to the farm that had submitted the birds for necropsy (index farm). The exact time and source of the virus introduction to farm A could not be determined with absolute certainty. Possible sources of the infection included backyard goose eggs that had been delivered to farm A for subcontract incubation and hatching, wild geese that frequented the flock of breeding geese on pasture on farm A, and a clutch of Canada goose eggs (Branta canadensis) that had been produced by wild geese and was hatched in the same machine as the eggs produced by farm A.  相似文献   

Dietary threonine requirement of fingerling Indian major carp,Labeo rohita (Hamilton)     

Shabihul Fatma Abidi  Mukhtar A Khan 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(14):1498-1505

An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted in a water flow‐through system (26–28 °C) to determine the dietary threonine requirement of fingerling Labeo rohita (3.90±0.03 cm; 0.58±0.02 g). Growth, feed utilization and body composition of fish fed test diets (40% crude protein; 17.9 kJ g^?1 gross energy) with graded levels of l ‐threonine (0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25%, 1.50%, 1.75% and 2.0% dry diet) to apparent satiation were response variables used to assess threonine adequacy. Diets were made isonitrogenous and isoenergetic by adjusting the levels of glycine and dextrin. The amino acid profiles of the test diets were formulated to that of 40% whole chicken egg protein except for threonine. The performance of fish fed experimental diets was evaluated using calculated values for weight gain (g fish^?1), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive value (PPV) data. Maximum weight gain (g fish^?1) (1.79), lowest FCR (1.39), highest PER (1.76) and PPV (0.33) were recorded at 1.50 g per 100 g dietary threonine. Statistical analysis of weight gain, FCR, PER and PPV data reflected significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments. Except for reduced growth performance in fish fed threonine‐deficient diets, no deficiency signs were noted. Weight gain, FCR, PER and PPV data were also analysed using second‐degree polynomial regression analysis to obtain a more accurate threonine requirement estimate, which was found, using each response variable, to be at 1.70, 1.63, 1.65 and 1.51 g per 100 g of dry diet, corresponding to 4.2, 4.07, 4.12 and 3.77 g per 100 g of dietary protein respectively. Based on the second‐degree polynomial regression analysis of the live weight gain, FCR, PER and PPV data, the optimum dietary level of threonine for fingerling L. rohita was found to be in the range of 1.51–1.70 g per 100 g of the dry diet, corresponding to 3.77–4.2 g per 100 g of dietary protein.  相似文献   

Neonatal escherichia coli infections in calves II. Post mortem verification of septicaemia.     

K Raska  D Mat?jovská  V Mat?jovská  L Polák  D Kacovská  J Hládek  M Kuzel  J Linek  V Palounek  L Zima  H Rasková 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1978,25(2):134-139

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Detection of Antibodies Against Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Sera of Cattle,Camels, Sheep and Goats in Sudan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Haroun M  Hajer I  Mukhtar M  Ali BE 《Veterinary research communications》2002,26(7):537-541

Detection of antibodies against peste des petits ruminants virus in sera of cattle, camels, sheep and goats in Sudan.  相似文献   

Morphinandienone alkaloids from Dehaasia longipedicellata     

Mukhtar MR  Hadi AH  Litaudon M  Awang K 《Fitoterapia》2004,75(7-8):792-794

Five morphinoid alkaloids have been isolated from Dehaasia longipedicellata, namely (-) pallidine, a new alkaloid (+) pallidinine (1), (+)-milonine, (-) 8,14-dehydrosalutaridine and (-) sinoacutine.  相似文献   

Electrically conductive paper of polyaniline modified pineapple leaf fiber     

Saiful Izwan Abd Razak  Noor Fadzliana Ahmad Sharif  Nadirul Hasraf Mat Nayan 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(6):1107-1111

This research work reports new electrically conductive paper made of pineapple leaf fiber and polyaniline (PALF/PANI). The conductive paper shows remarkable preservation of mechanical properties while achieving its conductive state. Also it was found that, the amount of PANI needed to achieve the conductivity transformation is as low as 5 wt.%.  相似文献   

Does silicon and irrigation have impact on drought tolerance mechanism of sorghum?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mukhtar Ahmed  Fayyaz-ul-HassenYasir Khurshid 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(12):1808-1812

Silicon absorption by crops in the form of silicic acid confers efficient utilization of available irrigation water by minimizing transpiration losses. In present study, silicon and irrigation effects on sorghum growth dynamics and drought tolerance mechanism were evaluated during 2007-2008. Two sorghum cultivars: PARCSS2 and Johar1 were treated with two levels of silicon (Si₀ = control and Si₂₀₀ = 200 ml l⁻¹ of potassium silicate per kg of soil) and irrigation (W₀ = control, crop lower limit and W₄₀ = 40 mm of water, crop upper limit). The results depicted that silicon absorption led to increased leaf water potential, growth, transpiration, net photosynthetic rate and decreased shoot to root ratio in sorghum cultivars compared to control treatment. It can be concluded that synergistic effect of silicon fertilization with ample irrigation may improve the crop stand under drought and biotic stresses.  相似文献   

Bioactive cinchona alkaloids from Remijia peruviana     

Ruiz-Mesia L  Ruiz-Mesía W  Reina M  Martínez-Diaz R  de Inés C  Guadaño A  González-Coloma A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):1921-1926

Three known Cinchona alkaloids of the quinine type, quinine (1), cupreine (2), cinchonine (3), and the possible artifact cinchonine-HCl (3-HCl), along with two new ones, acetylcupreine (4) and N-ethylquinine (5), have been isolated from the bark of Remijia peruviana (Rubiaceae). Their stereochemical structures were established by high resolution NMR spectroscopy. Alkaloids 2-4 had antifeedant effects on Leptinotarsa decemlineata with varying potencies. Compound 4 was cytotoxic to both insect Sf9 and mammalian CHO cells after 48 h of incubation, while 3-HCl had stronger and selective cytotoxicity to Sf9. Quinine 1 had a moderate to low effect on Trypanosoma cruzi. Tumoral cells were also affected by these alkaloids, with 4 and 3-HCl being the most cytotoxic to all the cell lines tested. Overall, the 8R, 9S configurations, as in 3 and 3-HCl, as well as the C-6'acetylated alkaloid 4, with an 8S, 9R configuration, showed stronger biological effects.  相似文献