Health evaluation of free-ranging and captive blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) in the Gran chaco, Bolivia.     

Sharon L Deem  Andrew J Noss  Rosa Leny Cuéllar  William B Karesh 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2005,36(4):598-605

Bolivia has a total of 47 species of Psittacidae, seven of which have been identified in our study site, the semiarid Gran Chaco of the Isoso. One species, the blue-fronted parrot (Amazona aestiva), is frequently captured by local Isose?o Guaraní Indians for exploitation on the national and international market. These birds are often temporarily housed in small villages under unhygienic conditions with poultry and other domestic species. On occasion, these parrots escape back to the wild. Additionally, many of these birds are kept as pets or are used to lure wild. parrots within slingshot range for subsequent capture. In this study, we evaluated the health status, including the level of exposure to selected infectious agents, in the wild-caught captive birds and free-ranging birds. Physical examinations were performed, and blood was collected, from 54 live birds (20 captive and 34 free-ranging). Feces were collected from 15 birds (seven captive and eight free-ranging). Necropsies were also performed on four recently dead wild-caught birds. On serologic testing, no birds were found to have antibodies to avian influenza virus, Chlamydophila psittaci, infectious bronchitis virus, infectious bursal disease virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Marek's disease virus, paramyxovirus-1, paramyxovirus-2, paramyxovirus-3, polyomavirus, eastern equine encephalitis virus, western equine encephalitis virus, or Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Positive antibody titers were found for psittacine herpesvirus (8/44, 18.2%), Aspergillus spp. (3/51, 5.9%), and Salmonella pullorum (33/49, 67.3%). All three of the birds that tested antibody positive for Aspergillus spp. were captive, whereas six of the eight and 15 of the 33 birds that tested positive for psittacine herpesvirus and S. pullorum, respectively, were wild.  相似文献   

养殖环境细菌微生物气溶胶粒径分布及其健康危害评估     

钟召兵  王宁 《中国动物检疫》2014,31(11):101-105

为深入了解畜禽舍环境中气载细菌微生物的空气动力学粒径分布规律,并评估其潜在的健康危害风险,采用Andersen-6级微生物空气采样器以血-琼脂培养基、沙氏培养基和高氏合成1号培养基为采样介质,对鸡舍、猪舍、牛舍环境中空气样品进行系统定点取样、测定及分析。研究结果表明,鸡舍环境中气载需氧菌含量最高,猪舍次之,牛舍最低;空气细菌粒径分布均为第Ⅰ级最高,鸡舍空气粒径呈偏态分布,牛舍、猪舍分别在第Ⅲ级和第Ⅳ级出现第2个峰值。携带细菌可吸入微粒在猪舍环境中比例最大。空气真菌与放线菌均在第Ⅳ级最高,携带真菌和放线菌可吸入粒子的比例显著大于细菌（P<0.05）。鸡舍、猪舍、牛舍空气微生物粒径各级分布比例基本一致。在鸡舍、猪舍、牛舍每天约有6.1×105CFU、4.7×104CFU和3.6×104CFU气载细菌微生物可分别进入人和动物小支气管或直接进入肺泡,从而对人和动物健康构成潜在危害。  相似文献   

PEG对烟草幼苗耐低温胁迫能力的生理效应   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

张燕  方力  姚照兵  冯永新 《西北农业学报》2003,12(1):63-67

用不同浓度PEG处理4叶期烟草幼苗,对烟草在低温胁迫期间电解质渗漏率、丙二醛、内源抗氧化剂含量及保护酶活性等生理生化指标的变化进行了测定。结果表明,PEG处理能显著增强烟草幼苗耐低温胁迫能力,提高烟草叶片中内源抗氧化剂(AsA、GSH)含量和膜保护酶(SOD和CAT)活性;在低温胁迫期间,经PEG处理的幼苗中叶绿素、呼吸速率、可溶性蛋白质、脯氨酸含量均高于对照,电解质渗漏率和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛积累量低于对照。结果表明,维持较高的膜保护酶活性,提高与抗冷性有关物质含量是PEG提高烟草幼苗耐低温能力的基础。  相似文献   

Preparation and promotion of fruit growth in kiwifruit of fluorinated N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl ureas     

Abad A  Agulló C  Cuñat AC  Jiménez R  Vilanova C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(15):4675-4683

Seventeen phenyl-fluorinated analogues of thidiazuron [N-phenyl-N'-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea, TDZ] have been prepared and characterized. The effects of each fluorinated urea on growth and quality of kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa) were evaluated by comparison with untreated (control) and TDZ-treated fruits. The results obtained showed a clear dependence of the growth-promoting activity of these fluorinated ureas on the pattern and degree of fluorine substitution in the phenyl ring. The most effective for promoting fruit growth was N-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-N'-(1',2',3'-thiadiazol-5'-yl)urea at 25 ppm (at harvest, treated fruits were 58% heavier than untreated ones) followed by N-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-N'-(1',2',3'-thiadiazol-5'-yl)urea at 10 ppm (50%). Comparatively, TDZ-treated fruits were 31% (10 ppm) and 38% (25 ppm) heavier than untreated ones. The results also indicate that the effects of the more active phenyl-fluorinated ureas on some standard quality parameters of fruits, for example, percent of fruit dry matter content, soluble solids contents, total titratable acids, shape, and internal structure, are similar to those of TDZ. Quantitative structure-activity relationships have been derived for the fruit growth promoting activity of the phenyl-fluorinated analogues of TDZ.  相似文献   

畜禽舍空气细菌内毒素两种检测方法的比较研究     

钟召兵  王宁  杨夫会 《中国动物检疫》2016,33(9):88-92

[目的 ]比较气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MSMS)与鲎试验(LAL)在检测畜禽舍空气内毒素中的应用效果及相关性,以及气载内毒素是否对环境和饲养人员健康构成危害。[方法 ]通过国际标准AGI-30液体冲击式空气采样器,在4个养殖场16个畜禽舍采集空气样品,采用GC-MSMS与LAL测定空气细菌内毒素浓度。[结果 ]LAL测定的牛舍、猪舍、羊舍和禽舍空气细菌内毒素浓度中间值分别为1.85×10~5 EU/m~3、2.76×10~6 EU/m~3、4.82×10~5 EU/m~3、6.55×10~6 EU/m~3;而GC-MSMS测定的分别为3.3×10~4 EU/m~3、1.26×10~5 EU/m~3、2.4×10~4EU/m~3和8.21×10~5 EU/m~3。GC-MSMS在禽舍检测出的空气内毒素浓度显著大于其他畜舍(p0.05)。用LAL和GC-MSMS分析测定的空气中内毒素浓度超过了对大多数动物和人体有威胁的阈限值1.0×10~3EU/m~3。用GCMSMS与LAL测定的禽舍和羊舍空气样品中细菌内毒素浓度之间存在显著相关(p0.05),而牛舍和猪舍之间浓度没有显著相关性。GC-MSMS主要检测存在于动物舍空气内毒素中含有C_(14)-C_(18)链的3-羟基脂肪酸。LAL测定的内毒素浓度与含有C_(14)-C_(16)链3-羟基脂肪酸量之间有显著相关(p0.05)。[结论 ]GC-MSMS与LAL联合应用可以提高检测气载内毒素的准确性,且本研究表明畜禽舍中检测到的空气细菌内毒素浓度可以危害人类和家畜动物健康。  相似文献   

索引     

刘一锋  曾招兵  汤建东  曾思坚  张满红 《热带作物学报》2015,(2):29-30

化肥和农药的使用对农业生产具有极大的促进作用,但也伴随着环境污染问题。本研究对广东省1987-2013年的化肥施用总量,氮肥、钾肥、磷肥、复合肥、农药的施用量和单位面积施用量、化肥施用强度等进行分析。研究发现：自1987年开始,广东省农业化肥施用总量、氮肥、钾肥、磷肥、复合肥、农药施用量逐年递增,但增幅各不相同;钾肥和复合肥增长较多;化肥施用强度不断增加,2012年比1987年增长了2.87倍,远远超过了国际上公认的化肥施用安全上限(225 kg/hm2)。广东农业化肥和农药施用量在改革开放初期、城镇化发展初期、种植结构调整期和政策调整期,均表现出不同的特征。  相似文献   

尿素、碳铵及其配施有机肥对叶菜连续种植的效应     

姚建武艾绍英  王艳红李盟军唐明灯  曾招兵 《中国农学通报》2009,25(18):241-244

摘要:珠江三角洲秋冬季节高强度的叶菜种植中,随着气温降低叶菜产量有逐渐增加的趋势。连续种植4茬叶菜,在磷、钾肥用量一致的情况下,尿素、碳铵及其配施有机肥的试验表明：尿素处理的生长状况和产量结果好于碳铵处理,但这种差异随气温降低而逐渐收窄;尿素、碳铵分别配施有机肥的两处理产量差异较小。供试叶菜硝酸盐含量受品种、气温和施肥等方面的影响,配施有机肥具有降硝作用。试验还表明：施肥特别是配施有机肥具有培肥作用,施肥能明显提高土壤有效养分含量。  相似文献   

预压缩速生杨木的动态润湿性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩书广  黄润州  周兆兵  张洋 《东北林业大学学报》2009,37(9)

采用润湿模型描述动态接触角(θ)在木质基材表面上的扩展过程,即定义一个K值来描述胶黏剂在木质基材表面上的动态润湿行为,并应用此模型分析了不同压缩工艺条件下脲醛树脂和酚醛树脂的湿润性能,此外,还比较了不同压缩工艺参数如压缩率、热压温度和热压时间对动态润湿性的影响.结果表明:润湿模型能够准确地描述胶黏剂在预压缩杨木表面的动态湿润过程.保压时间是对K值影响最为显著的因素,在杨木处理中更应该关注保压时间对界面性能的影响.  相似文献   

规模牛场产气荚膜梭菌耐药性及其ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分型     

钟召兵  王宁  孙红华  杨夫会 《中国动物检疫》2017,34(3):87-90

[目的 ]了解不同规模牛场分离的产气荚膜梭菌耐药性及其耐药基因分型,为临床治疗和感染控制提供依据。[方法 ]收集2014—2016年来自不同规模牛场分离的产气荚膜梭菌25株,采用K-B法检测其对9种常用抗生素的敏感性;应用基因间重复序列聚合酶链反应(ERIC-PCR),对菌株进行DNA分型及同源性分析。[结果]分离到25株产气荚膜梭菌;在耐药检测的9种药物中,耐药率超过50%的有4种,其中对庆大霉素耐药率最高(92%),其次是对青霉素(84%),而对氨苄青霉素耐药率最低(4%),对其余药物的耐药率在12%~52%之间;ERIC-PCR谱型表现为9个基因型(Ⅰ~Ⅸ),其中大部分来源于不同的克隆株,且有2个克隆株的相似度为100%。[结论 ]奶牛场的产气荚膜梭菌多重耐药现象比较严重,分子多样性复杂;产气荚膜梭菌来源广泛,不同地区、环境和条件下,同一种病原菌的基因型存在一定差异,可能存在多个基因型。  相似文献   

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) in two chicken breeds and the correlation with experimental Pasteurella multocida infection     

Schou TW  Permin A  Christensen JP  Cu HP  Juul-Madsen HR 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2010,33(3):183-195

The present study is the first demonstration of an association of the genetic serum Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) concentration with bacterial infections in chickens. The genetic serum MBL concentration was determined in two chicken breeds, and the association with the specific Pasteurella multocida humoral immune response during an experimental infection was examined. Furthermore, we examined the association of the genetic serum MBL concentration with systemic infection. The chickens with systemic infection had a statistically significant lower mean serum MBL concentration than the rest of the chickens, suggesting that MBL plays an important role against P. multocida. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the specific antibody response and the genetic serum MBL concentration for both breeds. This indicates that MBL in chickens is capable of acting as the first line of defence against P. multocida by diminishing the infection before the adaptive immune response takes over.  相似文献