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1.
The heritability of tolerance of wheat F3 lines to competition from annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), and its relationship to morphological traits, were determined using crosses between wheat cultivars with good and poor
competitive ability. Forty F2-derived F3 lines from a cross between two late flowering varieties (Machete × Spear) and 40 from a cross between early flowering varieties
(Wilgoyne × Gutha) were grown in the field with and without annual ryegrass. There was significant genetic variation between
lines within each of the two populations in a number of aspects of plant growth and development, including yield in monoculture.
The estimates of heritability for % yield loss due to competition were 0.25 and 0.57 in the two crosses respectively, indicating
that selection for high tolerance to competition in the F3 generation or later should be effective. Fairly strong relationships between height and % yield loss and between leaf length
and % yield loss suggest that these may be useful auxiliary traits when selecting for low % yield loss. However, differences
between crosses in the magnitude and sign of genetic and phenotypic correlation between traits indicate that competitive ability
is a complex character influenced by many factors.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Hoy-Taek Kim Yutaka Hirata Yong-Uk Shin Hae-Sung Hwang Jeong-Hwan Hwang Il-Sheob Shin Dae-Il Kim Sang-Jo Kang Hyun-Jung Kim Dong-Young Shin Ill-Sup Nou 《Euphytica》2004,138(1):73-80
The pear cultivar ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ (S2Ssm
4; sm = stylar-part mutant) has been used as a parent to breed self-compatible cultivars that produce excellent fruits. However,
determination of the self-compatibility of ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ offspring requires a lot of time, 6 years or more, by conventional
cross breeding. We have designed a rapid reliable method for the identification of self-compatible varieties of ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’
offspring based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with S-allele specific
restriction endonucleases. By using this method, 8 self-compatible varieties were selected among 16 selections resulting from
a cross between the self-compatible cultivar ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ (S2Ssm
4) and the self-incompatible cultivars ‘Niitaka’ (S3S9), ‘Whasan’ (S3S5), ‘Chuwhangbae’ (S4S6). The S-genotypes of 16 ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ offsprings were also determined.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Hoy-Taek Kim Yutaka Hirata Hyun-Jung Kim Ill-Sup Nou 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(7):1375-1383
A PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification method using newly designed S-RNase primers was carried out in five Korean-bred
pear cultivars and ten Japanese-bred pear cultivars. A new S-RNase allele, designated as S10, was discovered from ‘Chengsilri’, containing a 1513 bp and two exons (213 bp in total) that coded for a peptide of 71 amino
acids. The S10-RNase allele contained the three conserved cysteine residues peculiar to S-RNase in Japanese pear and one histidine residue
essential for RNase activity. We compared nucleotide sequence similarity of the exon regions of ten pear S-RNase alleles.
The nucleotide sequence of S1 showed a high similarity to S4 (97.4%) and the new S10 shows 77.8% (S5) to 84.4% (S4) similarity with the other pear S-RNase alleles. S10 had a unique restriction endonuclease site for ‘HhaI’, with digests yielding fragments of 1235 and 491 bp. The S-genotype of pear cultivar (‘Chengsilri’) was determined to be
S5S10 by PCR–RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism). Cluster analysis of 49 known S-RNase alleles of the Rosaceae separated
into two divergent groups are as follows: group I: pear and apple, group II: almond, sweet cherry and mume. 相似文献
4.
Identification and DNA polymorphism of the S‐locus receptor kinasegene (SRK) was analysed by pollen tube tests, polymerase chain reaction‐cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (PCR‐CAPS) and nucleotide sequencing. SRK‐specific primers that can distinguish class and class II S haplotypes amplified single DNA fragments of 900‐1050 bp. The DNA fragments of 22 inbred lines amplified with a class SRK‐specific primer pair determined seven types with HinfI and EcoRII. In addition, the DNA fragments of 17 inbred lines amplified with a class II SRK‐specific primer pair determined three types with Hinf1. Nucleotide sequencing of the DNA fragments amplified from 10S haplotypes showed that exons of the 3′‐end in SRK are highly conserved, and that there is much variation of the introns, which produced polymorphism of the band pattern in PCR‐CAPS profiles. The S haplotypes of the plants were determined by restriction analysis of PCR products and agreed with results based on pollen tube growth tests. The PCR‐CAPS analysis using specific primer pairs of SRK is considered to be useful for S allele identification in breeding programmes. 相似文献
5.
Yamasaki M Kitagawa T Chujo H Koyanagi N Nishida E Nakaya M Yoshimi K Maeda H Nou S Iwata T Ogita K Tachibana H Yamada K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(11):3644-3648
Previous studies have shown the physiological significance of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in various experimental animals and in human beings. One of the important problems to better elucidate is the difference between triglyceride (TG) and free (FFA) dietary CLA. Here, using splenocytes, this study assesses how TG- and FFA-CLA modulate immunoglobulin and various cytokine productions. In this study, C57BL/6N mice were fed an experimental diet containing 0% CLA, 0.1 or 1% FFA-CLA, or 0.1 or 1% TG-CLA for 3 weeks. The production of immunoglobulin tended to be up-regulated by 1% FFA-CLA. As a result of protein array analysis using the supernatant from splenocytes cultured with no CLA, 1% FFA-CLA, and TG-CLA, some cytokine production was shown to be remarkably regulated by dietary FFA- and TG-CLA. A total of 32 cytokines were examined, and 11-14 produced cytokines that were 2-fold up-regulated as compared with control for FFA- or TG-CLA, respectively. Especially, the production of IL-9 and MCP-5 and other cytokines was remarkably up-regulated by both FFA- and TG-CLA. In addition, seven cytokines were 2-fold down-regulated by TG-CLA. These data show that there is a slight but significant difference between the functionalities of FFA- and TG-CLA. 相似文献
6.
Arif Hasan Khan Robin Nicholas J. Larkan Rawnak Laila Jong-In Park Nasar Uddin Ahmed Hossein Borhan Isobel A. P. Parkin Ill-Sup Nou 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,149(3):611-623
Blackleg disease, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, is one of the most devastating disease of Brassica species worldwide. To date, a total of 20 race-specific blackleg resistance (R) genes have been reported and all of those loci are located in either the A or B genomes of various Brassica species. The B. oleracea genome (CC) shares a high ancestral synteny with the A genome of B. rapa, suggesting the presence of qualitative (race specific) resistance to blackleg disease is also possible in B. oleracea germplasm. In the present study the C genome of Korean B. oleracea germplasm was screened for the presence of blackleg R genes. Thirty-two inbred cabbage lines with unknown resistance profiles, along with five control B. napus lines with well-characterised race-specific R genes, were assessed for cotyledon resistance against two L. maculans isolates with known and highly-contrasting avirulence gene (Avr) profiles. Two cabbage accessions were identified which produced a strong resistance when challenged with either isolate, demonstrating the presence of effective blackleg R genes in the cabbage C genome. Additionally, 16 microsatellite markers linked to seven different R genes of the B. napus A genome were converted into markers for their homologous regions on the B. oleracea C genome. These markers were used to screen all B. oleracea lines to assess if the novel C genome R genes were syntenous to known R gene-homologous regions of the A genome. The resistant cabbage lines offer C genome R genes for the protection of B. oleracea varieties against incursion of blackleg disease, as well as novel additional resistance sources for introgression into B. napus and B. carinata breeding material. 相似文献
7.
Young-Jin Koh Jong-In Park Nasar Uddin Ahmed Hee-Jeong Jung Kwon-Kyoo Kang Yoonkang Hur Yong-Pyo Lim Ill-Sup Nou 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(2):317-322
Brassica rapa (chinese cabbage) is one of the main vegetable crops grown in Asian countries. Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum causes severe economic loss in this crop as well as in other Brassica crops through soft rot disease. Cysteine proteases like bromelain, papain or ficin show toxic effects to herbivorous insects and pathogenic bacteria. They have been known to be critical factors in plant defence mechanisms. The current study investigated the effect of bromelain gene (BL1) of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merrill) on enhancing resistance to soft rot in transgenic Brassica rapa ‘Seoulbaechu’. Three homozygous T2 lines were inoculated with Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and BL8-2 line showed the lowest rate of infected leaves (RIL) in both wound inoculation and non-wound inoculation, when the non-infected line showed 100 % RIL in both cases. The highest expression of BL1 gene was also observed in BL8-2 homozygous line. Thus, the over-expressed BL1 gene conferred enhanced resistance to soft rot in Brassica rapa. 相似文献
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10.
Takeshi Motegi Ill Sup Nou Jinmei Zhou Akira Kanno Toshiaki Kameya Yutaka Hirata 《Euphytica》2003,129(3):319-323
Cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) plants were obtained by asymmetrical protoplast fusion between red cabbage (fertile) and normal
radish (fertile). The CMS plants showed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of mitochondrial (mt) DNA
that were different from those of both parental lines. PCR analysis of mtDNA of the CMS plants and though Southern blot analysis
showed that the mtDNA of the CMS line had the characteristics of the ogura CMS type. The results suggested that the orf138 gene and the ogura type atp6 gene are present in normal fertile cabbage and radish at a low copy level.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献