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分别以长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)‘海大1号’第8代和第9代选育群体中的个体为亲本,采用巢式设计的交配方法,于2016年和2017年分别获得41个和38个全同胞家系。根据各家系长牡蛎330日龄的壳高、壳长、壳宽和体重等表型参数,通过建立多性状动物模型,利用ASReml软件中的限制性极大似然法估算各表型变量的方差组分,对‘海大1号’连续两代选育群体生长性状的遗传参数进行评估。结果表明,两个选育世代的‘海大1号’生长性状均具有较高的变异水平,变异系数为20.74%~55.14%,各生长性状仍具有遗传改良潜力。‘海大1号’各生长性状间的表型相关均为正相关,相关系数大小存在差异。3个壳型性状与体重的遗传相关均为正相关,且处于较高水平(0.40~0.66)。除壳宽性状的遗传力较低外,壳高、壳长与体重的遗传力在0.16~0.37,均属中高等遗传力水平,表明‘海大1号’经过多代选育后,生长性状仍具有较大的加性遗传效应,可根据个体表型值大小,继续通过群体选育获得遗传进展。研究结果为长牡蛎‘海大1号’制种方案的制订和保种工作提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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研究自然降雨对干化土壤水分恢复的有效性,有利于合理利用降水资源,加强干化土壤水分管理,促进土壤干层得到有效恢复。在陕北米脂试验站设置野外地下大型土柱,通过2014—2019年连续定位监测降雨、土壤含水率状况,分析自然降雨对干化土壤水分恢复的有效性。结果表明:(1)从深层干化土壤水分恢复角度考虑,黄土丘陵半干旱区降雨可以分为3种类型:表层入渗快速蒸发型、浅层入渗缓慢蒸发型和深层入渗补给型。其中深层入渗补给型降雨为有效降雨,该类型雨量>26 mm,能够对深层干化土壤产生有效水分补给。2014—2019年发生深层入渗补给型降雨仅16次,累积雨量791.8 mm,降雨次数、降雨量的有效率分别为4.64%和35.19%。(2)月尺度条件下,降雨量(P月)与逐月入渗深度(Z逐月)、月累积入渗深度(Z累积)均呈二次函数关系变化,Z逐月=-0.0102P月2+3.955P月-6.7335(R^2=0.9639),Z累积=-0.0003P月2-0.1331P月+191.71(R^2=0.9208)。(3)年尺度条件下,2014—2019年雨量分别为187.6,391.6,590.8,337.6,342.4,400.0 mm,降雨逐年引发的入渗深度依次为160,220,400,260,260,120 cm,累积入渗深度依次可达180,220,400,700,1000,1400 cm。研究结果对揭示自然降水恢复干化土壤机理,加强土壤干层人工蓄水保墒技术,合理选择保墒措施,以及促进当地生态环境建设具有积极的推动作用。 相似文献
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Jingxiao Zhang Qi Li Qingzhi Wang Rihao Cong Jianlong Ge Lingfeng Kong 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(1):113-125
To evaluate the impact of mass selection on genetic structure in artificially closed populations of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, we performed mass selection over six generations on two stocks from Japan and Korea and analyzed their temporal genetic variation and structure using 18 microsatellite makers, which were compared with the base populations of the two selected lines and one wild population from China. The average numbers of alleles (Na), mean observed heterozygosities (Ho), and expected heterozygosities (He) varied over generations in the two selected lines (selected lines of Japan, Na = 10.7–14.9, Ho = 0.757–0.846, He = 0.778–0.871; selected lines of Korea, Na = 9.4–17.3, Ho = 0.736–0.865, He = 0.744–0.854). There was no significant reduction in heterozygosity in the two selected lines. However, the average number of alleles per locus was significantly lower in the fifth and sixth generations of the two selected lines compared with that in the base population and wild population (P < 0.05), suggesting that the successive mass selection in closed populations may increase the sensibility of rare alleles to genetic drift. Equalizing the sex ratio of parents and reducing the selection intensity properly with the increase of selective generations is recommended to minimize the deleterious effect of genetic drift and bottleneck caused by successive mass selection. The information obtained in this study is useful for the design of appropriate management strategies for selective breeding of C. gigas. 相似文献
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在陕北米脂试验站设置了野外10 m地下大型土柱,分别利用BLJW-4小型综合气象观测站、CS650-CR1000自动监测系统对降雨状况和土壤水分状况进行长期连续定位观测,分析黄土丘陵区深层干化土壤对降雨入渗的响应。结果表明:(1)黄土丘陵区降雨可以划分为3种类型:快速蒸发型降雨(P≤13 mm)、缓慢蒸发型降雨(13 mmP26 mm)、入渗主导型降雨(P≥26 mm)。其中快速蒸发型降雨、缓慢蒸发型降雨在裸露地表情况下仅能引发浅层土壤的降雨入渗响应(Z_(rapid)≤30 cm, 30 cmZ_(slow)60 cm),不能对深层干化土壤形成有效的水分补给;而入渗主导型降雨则能够引发深层干化土壤的降雨入渗响应(Z_(infiltration)≥60 cm),能够促进干化土壤得到水分修复。(2)0～90 cm土层为降雨入渗、蒸发循环层,该深度范围土壤受降雨、蒸发作用影响强烈,土壤水分呈现频繁增、减波动;90 cm以下土层为降雨入渗主导层,该深度范围内土壤不再受蒸发作用影响,土壤水分呈增加趋势。(3)入渗主导型降雨年最大入渗深度在140～160 cm,雨后上层土壤水在蒸发作用下69～435 h恢复至雨前水平。裸露地表状况下,多年累积降雨能够促进深层干化土壤产生入渗响应,2014—2019年干化土壤对于自然降雨的入渗响应深度依次为180、220、400、700、900 cm及1 000 cm。 相似文献
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In allusion to the “5·30”especially serious coal and gas outburst accident of Tonghua coal mine of Songzao Coal Electricity Group CO., LTD in 2009, a detailed simulation of the mutation process of mine ventilation system during gas outburst disaster period is done by using theory of ventilation network with sources and numerical simulation technology (we develop a computer simulation system). Three changing processes, namely outburst overflow, natural flow and ventilation downstream occurs in the ventilation system after outburst. Due to the expanded power of outburst source, gas enters main ventilation roadways at first, and flows outward, and flows counter-current along main intake air roadway, and then enters low air quantity roadways with air doors or underground chamber, which leads to gas concentration overrun and threat to the whole mine. After outburst, gas power disappears. Due to the action of gas natural ventilation pressure, mine ventilation may begin to flow naturally. After the ventilation systems are restored, gas flows with the wind as a result of the power of the main fan. Due to the interference of gas natural ventilation pressure, the operating points of main fans may drift (relative to roadway structure), but the operating points recover with the discharge of gas. It is worth noting that the detention time of gas in low air quantity roadways and underground chambers is relatively long, and the gas becomes continuous gas supply sources, so it is dangerous. In addition, the delayed pour between main roadways and by-pass low air quantity roadways and the gas natural ventilation pressure caused by gas detention may lead to airflow disorder of reversion in some local circuits, and may enlarge the affected range of gas, or lead to the delay and detention of gas discharge. 相似文献
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为验证鸡白痢、鸡伤寒沙门菌分子分型方法的准确性,本研究以3株鸡白痢、鸡伤寒沙门菌国际参考菌株和306株国内分离株为研究对象,采用5种已知的分子分型方法开展验证性实验.结果发现,基于特定基因可变区的2种分型方法具有良好的特异性,其检测结果与生化分型结果一致,而3种基于特定基因单核苷酸多态性的分型方法则出现假阳性或假阴性的... 相似文献
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Zhong Jingxiao 《保鲜与加工》1989,(4)
This paper introduces the metod of optimal design of municipal water distribution,The main points are the theory,mathematical model,program frame figure and example in practice of the optimal method of hydraulics.The
program is applicable to the design and calculation of the pipe network in a city. It gives a simple and convenient calculation method for multiple-scheme design and scheme cmparison of water supply system. 相似文献
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西北枣林土壤水分自然修复及其模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以节水型修剪下矮化密植枣树为研究对象,设置4种不同初始土壤含水率,在雨养条件下连续2 a观测土壤水分、生物量,结合HYDRUS 1D模型分析评价了林地水分修复。结果表明,自然降雨条件下,4个小区土壤水分趋向一个稳定值,该值大小取决于当年降雨量。基于HYDRUS 1D模拟的枣园土壤水分相对误差为1.52%,均方根误差未超过0.5,决定系数平均达94%,说明该模型在该地区具有较好的适用性。HYDRUS 1D模拟节水型修剪下的枣林土壤水分显示在今后60 a可以保持多数年土壤水分处于良好水平。 相似文献