5种生物制剂对马铃薯种薯萌芽、极端天气下植株生长和产量性状的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

淳俊  桑有顺  冯焱  陈涛  李倩 《中国农学通报》2021,37(29):1-6

旨在满足马铃薯生产中茬口衔接、机械化生产技术应用、不利气候下稳产等对马铃薯出苗早、齐、壮的需求,以‘费乌瑞它’为供试品种,用基于有益活菌或工程菌提取物的5种生物制剂进行种薯处理,对多重性状进行了对比分析。5种生物制剂较常规化学制剂,均能够不同程度地促进种薯萌芽和芽根同生,出苗期提前2~7天,播种后49天的出苗率提高3.33%~17.78%。其中,表现最好的为酵母核苷酸衍生物和VDAL,种薯萌发和生根均显著高于对照。霜冻后,生物剂拌种处理在恢复前期促进植株生长,由此促进恢复后期的块茎发育,较常规化学处理增产8.39%~24.03%,体现了不同程度的保产效果。多马道黑、酵母核苷酸衍生物、根肽和VDAL体现出较好的保产效果,可作为种薯处理剂投入马铃薯生产。  相似文献   

不同栽培模式下青贮玉米的农艺性状   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

段震宇  王婷  桑志勤  王友德  陈树宾  郭斌  李玉梅  张小伟 《草业科学》2018,35(4):891-899

为探究不同的栽培模式对青贮玉米(Zea mays)农艺性状及产量形成的影响,选用新饲玉19号在(30+60)、(10+66)、(17+50)、(60+60)、(76+76)、(40+60)和(30+90)cm 7种行距栽培模式下对比研究。结果表明,(60+60)cm的栽培模式中青贮玉米株高、穗位高等农艺性状以及单株叶面积、倒四叶SPAD值和单株干鲜重均高于其他栽培模式,随着栽培行距的增加,青贮玉米冠层中下部透光率有所增加,(60+60)cm等行距栽培下青贮玉米冠层结构布局合理,生物量显著高于其他栽培模式(P=0.003)。不同的栽培模式中,随着行距的增加玉米农艺性状表现良好,(60+60)cm等行距栽培时有利于青贮玉米产量的形成。  相似文献   

2019年及近年我国农药登记情况和特点分析     

李友顺  白小宁  袁善奎  杨锚  王以燕 《农药科学与管理》2020,41(3):14-24

总结、分析了2019年及近年我国农药登记的基本情况和特点。最近7年来,每年微毒/低毒农药登记数量与当年农药登记总量的比值,及与本年度新增登记数量的比值均持续上升,其比值的年均值分别为82.0%和93.4%;环境友好的剂型在迅速增加,悬浮剂与本年度新增产品登记数量的比值一直处于领先位置,可分散油悬浮剂的比值增长突显,乳油比值在逐年递减;杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂3大类农药登记数量与本年度新增登记数量的比值趋向显著平均;低风险的新农药登记数量在不断增加,生物源农药登记数量增长稳定,5年来其有效成分和产品的年均增长率分别为9.88%和9.46%。从政策和技术上促进特色小宗作物用药登记产品数量快速增加。上述特点表明,我国农药正朝着有利于人畜健康和生态环境安全的方向发展。  相似文献   

苦瓜对白粉病的抗性与相关生理生化指标的关系     

田丽波  商桑  杨衍  司龙亭 《西北农业学报》2015,24(9):166-173

为探讨苦瓜抗白粉病的生理生化机制,以对白粉病不同抗性的4个苦瓜品系为材料,研究苗期感染白粉病菌后,苦瓜叶片生理生化指标的变化。结果表明:接种后,叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质量分数均呈先上升后降低的趋势;可溶性糖质量分数呈下降-上升-下降-上升的趋势;抗病品系的可溶性糖、叶绿素质量分数和过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性均高于或显著高于感病品系和高感品系;抗病品系的抗坏血酸(AsA)质量分数的上升和下降的幅度均小于感病品系和高感品系;接种后10~20d,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性表现为抗病品系感病品系高感品系。叶绿素、可溶性糖质量分数和POD、PPO活性与病情指数呈显著或极显著负相关。综上说明,白粉病菌侵染苦瓜后,抗病品系可通过保持较高的叶绿素质量分数,增加可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、AsA质量分数及增强POD、PPO、APX活性来提高抗病性。叶绿素、可溶性糖质量分数和POD、PPO活性均可作为苦瓜对白粉病抗性早期鉴定的指标。  相似文献   

基于EST-SSR和SNP标记的大麦麦芽纯度检测   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张利莎  董国清  扎桑  卓嘎  王德良  谷方红  袁兴淼  张京  郭刚刚 《作物学报》2015,41(8):1147-1154

大麦麦芽作为啤酒酿造的主要原料之一,其纯度决定了麦芽原料的均一性,进而影响加工工艺和啤酒品质。为高效准确地鉴定麦芽纯度,在啤酒企业进行麦芽原料采购和质量监测时提供参考依据。本研究分别利用EST-SSR和SNP标记定性检测了按比例预混的麦芽样品纯度,并利用SNP标记定量检测了4份送检的麦芽盲样纯度。结果表明,EST-SSR标记能定性检测混杂度高于10%的麦芽样品,而SNP标记能够有效鉴定混杂度低至5%的麦芽样品。SNP标记对纯度定量检测的单次抽样的测定值与真实值之间的误差在3%以内。比较发现,本研究所用的两类分子标记均可用于麦芽样品的纯度检测,但基于KASP技术的SNP标记可以满足麦芽纯度的快速定量检测需要。  相似文献   

Potential Anti-Aging Substances Derived from Seaweeds     

Lei Cao  Sang Gil Lee  Kwon Taek Lim  Hyeung-Rak Kim 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)

Aging is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The exact mechanisms underlying the aging process are not fully elucidated. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that several pathways, such as sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin-like growth factor, autophagy, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 play critical roles in regulating aging. Furthermore, genetic or dietary interventions of these pathways can extend lifespan by delaying the aging process. Seaweeds are a food source rich in many nutrients, including fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds. The health benefits of seaweeds include, but are not limited to, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obese activities. Interestingly, a body of studies shows that some seaweed-derived extracts or isolated compounds, can modulate these aging-regulating pathways or even extend lifespans of various animal models. However, few such studies have been conducted on higher animals or even humans. In this review, we focused on potential anti-aging bioactive substances in seaweeds that have been studied in cells and animals mainly based on their anti-aging cellular and molecular mechanisms.  相似文献   

成都平原冬季繁育马铃薯脱毒苗水培技术优化研究(英文)     

桑有顺  冯焱  陈涛  汤云川  王波  沈学善  黄钢 《农业科学与技术》2014,15(12)

以马铃薯品种费乌瑞它脱毒试管苗为材料,设置传统水培(CK)、安装加热棒(T1)及安装加热棒和保温棚(T2)3个处理,研究不同加温措施对马铃薯试管苗水培繁育的影响。结果表明:在成都平原气温较低的冬季,通过在传统水培设施上安装加热棒和覆盖保温棚,可使水培苗床水温保持在15~22℃,使水培苗较传统方法提早生根6.4 d,提早出苗13d,同时有利于形成壮苗,其根长、茎粗、株高、叶片数和鲜重等指标均显著优于传统方法。在水培苗扦插后42 d,当CK处理刚上到雾培阶段时,T1处理单株结薯数已达1.70颗,T2处理已达3.57颗。因此,水培加温处理有利于组培苗提前扦插,培养健壮水培苗,并提早雾培苗结薯,具有重要的生产意义。  相似文献   

Chitosan nanoparticles enhance developmental competence of in vitro-matured porcine oocytes     

Pantu Kumar Roy  Ahmad Yar Qamar  Xun Fang  Ghangyong Kim  Seonggyu Bang  Mahanama De Zoysa  Sang Tae Shin  Jongki Cho 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(2):342-350

Oxidative stress is inevitable as it is derived from the handling, culturing, inherent metabolic activities and medium supplementation of embryos. This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) on oxidative damage in porcine oocytes. For this purpose, cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) derived from porcine slaughterhouse ovaries were exposed to different concentrations of CNPs (0, 10, 25 and 50 µg/ml) during in vitro maturation (IVM). Oocytes treated with 25 µg/ml CNPs showed significantly higher levels of GSH, along with a significant reduction in ROS levels compared to control, CNPs10 and CNPs50 groups. In parthenogenetic embryo production, the maturation rate was significantly higher in the CNPs25 group than that in the control and all other treated groups. In addition, when compared to the CNPs50 and control groups, CNPs25-treated oocytes showed significantly higher cleavage and blastocyst development rates. The highest concentration of CNPs reduced the total cell number and ratio of ICM: TE cells in parthenogenetic embryos, suggesting that there is a threshold where benefits are lost if exceeded. In cloned embryos, the CNPs25 group, as compared to all other treated groups, showed significantly higher maturation and cleavage rates. Furthermore, the blastocyst development rate in the CNPs25-treated group was significantly higher than that in the CNPs50-treated group, as was the total cell number. Moreover, we found that cloned embryos derived from the CNPs25-treated group showed significantly higher expression levels of Pou5f1, Dppa2, and Ndp52il genes, compared with those of the control and other treated groups. Our results demonstrated that 25 µg/ml CNPs treatment during IVM improves the developmental competence of porcine oocytes by reducing oxidative stress.  相似文献   

Rapidly quantitative detection of Nosema ceranae in honeybees using ultra-rapid real-time quantitative PCR     

A-Tai Truong  Sedat Sevin  Seonmi Kim  Mi-Sun Yoo  Yun Sang Cho  Byoungsu Yoon 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2021,22(3)

BackgroundThe microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae is a global problem in honeybee populations and is known to cause winter mortality. A sensitive and rapid tool for stable quantitative detection is necessary to establish further research related to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of this pathogen.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to develop a quantitative method that incorporates ultra-rapid real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (UR-qPCR) for the rapid enumeration of N. ceranae in infected bees.MethodsA procedure for UR-qPCR detection of N. ceranae was developed, and the advantages of molecular detection were evaluated in comparison with microscopic enumeration.ResultsUR-qPCR was more sensitive than microscopic enumeration for detecting two copies of N. ceranae DNA and 24 spores per bee. Meanwhile, the limit of detection by microscopy was 2.40 × 10⁴ spores/bee, and the stable detection level was ≥ 2.40 × 10⁵ spores/bee. The results of N. ceranae calculations from the infected honeybees and purified spores by UR-qPCR showed that the DNA copy number was approximately 8-fold higher than the spore count. Additionally, honeybees infected with N. ceranae with 2.74 × 10⁴ copies of N. ceranae DNA were incapable of detection by microscopy. The results of quantitative analysis using UR-qPCR were accomplished within 20 min.ConclusionsUR-qPCR is expected to be the most rapid molecular method for Nosema detection and has been developed for diagnosing nosemosis at low levels of infection.  相似文献   

Immunogenic properties of Landrace pigs selected for resistance to mycoplasma pneumonia of swine          下载免费PDF全文

Liushiqi Borjigin  Tomoyuki Shimazu  Yuki Katayama  Meihua Li  Takumi Satoh  Kouichi Watanabe  Haruki Kitazawa  Sang‐gun Roh  Hisashi Aso  Kazuo Katoh  Takafumi Uchida  Yoshihito Suda  Akiko Sakuma  Mituru Nakajo  Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(3):321-329

Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS) lung lesions and immunogenic properties were compared between a Landrace line that was genetically selected for reduced incidence of pulmonary MPS lesions, and a non‐selected Landrace line. The MPS‐selected Landrace line showed significantly lower degrees of pulmonary MPS lesions compared with the non‐selected Landrace line. When changes in immunity before and after vaccination were compared, the percentage of B cells in the peripheral blood of the MPS‐selected Landrace line was significantly lower than that of the non‐selected line. Furthermore, the concentration of growth hormone and the mitogen activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the MPS‐selected Landrace line showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower increases after vaccination than the non‐selected line. Conversely, the concentration of peripheral blood interferon (IFN)‐γ and salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) after Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination was significantly higher in the MPS‐selected Landrace line than in the non‐selected line. Gene expression of toll‐like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 was significantly higher in the MPS‐selected Landrace line in immune tissues, with the exception of the hilar lymph nodes. The present results suggest that peripheral blood IFN‐γ, salivary IgA TLR2, and TLR4 are important immunological factors influencing the development of MPS lesions.  相似文献